1991 Nepal census: Difference between revisions

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== Population by caste/ethnicity ==

== Population by caste/ethnicity ==

{| class=”wikitable sortable mw-collapsible”

{| class=”wikitable sortable mw-collapsible”

|+Population by caste/ethnicity (1991)<ref name=”:2″ /><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Niraula |first=Badri P. |title=Caste/ethnic composition of population of Nepal |url=https://lib.icimod.org/records/hkrd7-2pr50 |journal=Contributions to Nepalese Studies |publisher=Centre for Nepal and Asian Studies (CNAS), Tribhuvan University (TU) |publication-place=Kathmandu, Nepal |publication-date=January 1998 |volume=25}}</ref><ref name=”:3″>{{Cite book |last=Sharma |first=Pitamber |url=https://soscbaha.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/11/some-aspects-on-nepals-social-demography.pdf |title=SOME ASPECTS OF NEPAL’S SOCIAL DEMOGRAPHY |publisher=Social Science Baha & Himal Books |year=2014 |isbn=978 9937 597 14 2}}</ref>

|+Population by caste/ethnicity (1991)<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Niraula |first=Badri P. |title=Caste/ethnic composition of population of Nepal |url=https://lib.icimod.org/records/hkrd7-2pr50 |journal=Contributions to Nepalese Studies |publisher=Centre for Nepal and Asian Studies (CNAS), Tribhuvan University (TU) |publication-place=Kathmandu, Nepal |publication-date=January 1998 |volume=25}}</ref><ref name=”:3″>{{Cite book |last=Sharma |first=Pitamber |url=https://soscbaha.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/11/some-aspects-on-nepals-social-demography.pdf |title=SOME ASPECTS OF NEPAL’S SOCIAL DEMOGRAPHY |publisher=Social Science Baha & Himal Books |year=2014 |isbn=978 9937 597 14 2}}</ref>

!S.N.

!S.N.

!Caste/ethnicity

!Caste/ethnicity
Line 231: Line 231:

|-

|-

|17

|17

|Kushwaha

|205,797

|1.11

|-

|18

|Chamar/Harijan/Ram

|Chamar/Harijan/Ram

|203,919

|203,919

|1.10

|1.10

|-

|-

|18

|

|Sanyasi

|Sanyasi

|181,726

|181,726

|0.98

|0.98

|-

|-

|19

|

|Kurmi

|Kurmi

|166,718

|166,718

|0.90

|0.90

|-

|-

|20

|

|Brahmin-Terai

|Brahmin-Terai

|162,886

|162,886

|0.88

|0.88

|-

|-

|21

|

|Sudhi

|Sudhi

|162,046

|162,046

|0.88

|0.88

|-

|-

|22

|

|Musahar

|Musahar

|141,980

|141,980

|0.77

|0.77

|-

|-

|23

|

|Dhanuk

|Dhanuk

|136,944

|136,944

|0.74

|0.74

|-

|-

|24

|

|Mallaha

|Mallaha

|110,413

|110,413

|0.60

|0.60

|-

|-

|25

|

|Sherpa

|Sherpa

|110,358

|110,358

|0.60

|0.60

|-

|-

|26

|

|Baniya

|101,868

|0.55

|-

|28

|Kewat

|Kewat

|101,482

|101,482

|0.55

|0.55

|-

|-

|27

|

|Dushad/Paswan/Pasi

|Dushad/Paswan/Pasi

|93,242

|93,242

|0.50

|0.50

|-

|-

|28

|

|Rajbanshi

|Rajbanshi

|82,177

|82,177

|0.44

|0.44

|-

|-

|29

|

|Kumal

|Kumal

|76,635

|76,635

|0.41

|0.41

|-

|-

|30

|

|Dhobi

|Dhobi

|76,594

|76,594

|0.41

|0.41

|-

|-

|31

|

|Kumhar

|Kumhar

|72,008

|72,008

|0.39

|0.39

|-

|-

|32

|

|Kanu

|Kanu

|70,634

|70,634

|0.38

|0.38

|-

|-

|33

|

|Khatwe

|Khatwe

|66,612

|66,612

|0.36

|0.36

|-

|-

|34

|

|Rajput

|Rajput

|55,712

|55,712

|0.30

|0.30

|-

|-

|35

|

|Majhi

|Majhi

|55,050

|55,050

|0.30

|0.30

|-

|-

|36

|

|Kayastha

|Kayastha

|53,545

|53,545

|0.29

|0.29

|-

|-

|37

|

|Danuwar

|Danuwar

|50,754

|50,754

|0.27

|0.27

|-

|-

|38

|

|Halwai

|Halwai

|44,417

|44,417

|0.24

|0.24

|-

|-

|39

|

|Sunuwar

|Sunuwar

|40,943

|40,943

|0.22

|0.22

|-

|-

|40

|

|Chepang (Praja)

|Chepang (Praja)

|36,656

|36,656

|0.20

|0.20

|-

|-

|41

|

|Rajbhar

|Rajbhar

|33,433

|33,433

|0.18

|0.18

|-

|-

|42

|

|Marwadi

|Marwadi

|29,173

|29,173

|0.16

|0.16

|-

|-

|43

|

|Gangai

|Gangai

|22,526

|22,526

|0.12

|0.12

|-

|-

|44

|

|Thami

|Thami

|19,103

|19,103

|0.10

|0.10

|-

|-

|45

|

|Dhimal

|Dhimal

|16,781

|16,781

|0.09

|0.09

|-

|-

|46

|

|Thakali

|Thakali

|13,731

|13,731

|0.07

|0.07

|-

|-

|47

|

|Bhote

|Bhote

|12,463

|12,463

|0.07

|0.07

|-

|-

|48

|

|Darai

|Darai

|10,759

|10,759

|0.06

|0.06

|-

|-

|49

|

|Punjabi/Sikh

|Punjabi/Sikh

|9,292

|9,292

|0.05

|0.05

|-

|-

|50

|

|Bengali

|Bengali

|7,909

|7,909

|0.04

|0.04

|-

|-

|51

|

|Badi

|Badi

|7,082

|7,082

|0.04

|0.04

|-

|-

|52

|

|Bote

|Bote

|6,718

|6,718

|0.04

|0.04

|-

|-

|53

|

|Jirel

|Jirel

|4,889

|4,889

|0.03

|0.03

|-

|-

|54

|

|Lepcha

|Lepcha

|4,826

|4,826

|0.03

|0.03

|-

|-

|55

|

|Gaine

|Gaine

|4,484

|4,484

|0.02

|0.02

|-

|-

|56

|

|Raji

|Raji

|3,274

|3,274

|0.02

|0.02

|-

|-

|57

|

|Raute

|Raute

|2,878

|2,878

|0.02

|0.02

|-

|-

|58

|

|Churaute

|Churaute

|1,778

|1,778

|0.01

|0.01

|-

|-

| colspan=”2″ |Others

| colspan=”2″ |

|813,471

|,

|4.40

|.

|-

| colspan=”2″ |Hill others

|184,216

|1.00

|-

| colspan=”2″ |Mountain others

|1,741

|0.01

|-

| colspan=”2″ |No caste

|2,951

|0.02

|-

|-

| colspan=”2″ |Not stated

| colspan=”2″ |Not stated

|7,809

|,

|0.04

|0.

|-

|-

! colspan=”2″ |Total

! colspan=”2″ |Total

Latest revision as of 08:52, 6 February 2026

Census conducted by the Nepal Central Bureau of Statistics

1991 Nepal Census
Country Nepal
Authority Central Bureau of Statistics
Website www.cbs.gov.np
Total population 18,491,097 (23.09%)
Most populous Development Region Central (6,183,955)[1]
Least populous Development Region Far-Western (1,679,301)[1]

The 1991 Nepal census was a widespread national census conducted by the Nepal Central Bureau of Statistics. According to the census the total population of Nepal was 18,491,097.[1]

Working with Nepal‘s Village Development Committees at a district level,[2]
they recorded data from all the main towns and villages of each district of the country. The data included statistics on population size, households, sex and age distribution, place of birth, residence characteristics, literacy, marital status, religion, language spoken, caste/ethnic group, economically active population, education, number of children, employment status, and occupation.[3]

This census was followed by the 2001 Nepal census.

The key findings of 1991 census are as follows:[1][4]

Total population 18,491,097
Intercensal change 3,468,258
Intercensal change percentage 23.09%
Annual growth rate 2.08%
Population density (per km2) 125.6
Male population 9,220,974
Female population 9,270,123
Gender ratio 99.5
Literacy rate 39.6%

Population distribution

[edit]

Population by ecological region (1991)[1][5]
Ecological region Population Percentage (%) Sex ratio Annual growth rate (%) Population density (per km2)
Mountain 1,443,130 7.8 98.43 1.02 27.85
Hill 8,419,889 45.5 95.34 1.61 137.25
Terai 8,628,078 46.7 103.85 2.75 253.58
Nepal 18,491,097 100 99.47 2.08 125.63
Population by development region (1991)[1][5]
Development region Population Percentage (%) Sex ratio Annual growth rate (%) Population density (per km2)
Eastern 4,446,749 24.05 100 1.84 156.25
Central 6,183,955 33.44 104 2.61 225.61
Western 3,770,678 20.39 93 1.92 128.26
Mid-Western 2,410,414 13.04 99 2.26 56.87
Far-Western 1,679,301 9.08 96 2.26 85.95
Nepal 18,491,097 100 99 2.08 125.63

Population by caste/ethnicity

[edit]

Population by caste/ethnicity (1991)[6][7][5]
S.N. Caste/ethnicity Poulation Percentage (%)
1 Chhetri/Kshetri 2,968,082 16.05
2 Brahmin-Hill (Bahun) 2,388,455 12.92
3 Magar 1,339,308 7.24
4 Tharu 1,194,224 6.46
5 Newar 1,041,090 5.63
6 Tamang 1,018,252 5.51
7 Kami 963,655 5.21
8 Yadav 765,137 4.14
9 Muslim 653,055 3.53
10 Rai 525,551 2.84
11 Gurung 449,189 2.43
12 Damai/Dholi 367,989 1.99
13 Thakuri 299,473 1.62
14 Limbu 297,186 1.61
15 Sarki 276,224 1.49
16 Teli 250,732 1.36
17 Kushwaha 205,797 1.11
18 Chamar/Harijan/Ram 203,919 1.10
19 Sanyasi 181,726 0.98
20 Kurmi 166,718 0.90
21 Brahmin-Terai 162,886 0.88
22 Sudhi/Kalwar 162,046 0.88
23 Musahar 141,980 0.77
24 Dhanuk 136,944 0.74
25 Mallaha 110,413 0.60
26 Sherpa 110,358 0.60
27 Baniya 101,868 0.55
28 Kewat 101,482 0.55
29 Dushad/Paswan/Pasi 93,242 0.50
30 Rajbanshi 82,177 0.44
21 Kumal 76,635 0.41
32 Dhobi 76,594 0.41
33 Kumhar 72,008 0.39
34 Kanu 70,634 0.38
35 Khatwe 66,612 0.36
36 Rajput 55,712 0.30
37 Majhi 55,050 0.30
38 Kayastha 53,545 0.29
39 Danuwar 50,754 0.27
40 Halwai 44,417 0.24
41 Sunuwar 40,943 0.22
42 Chepang (Praja) 36,656 0.20
43 Rajbhar 33,433 0.18
44 Marwadi 29,173 0.16
45 Gangai 22,526 0.12
46 Thami 19,103 0.10
47 Dhimal 16,781 0.09
48 Thakali 13,731 0.07
49 Bhote 12,463 0.07
50 Darai 10,759 0.06
51 Punjabi/Sikh 9,292 0.05
52 Bengali 7,909 0.04
53 Badi 7,082 0.04
54 Bote 6,718 0.04
55 Jirel 4,889 0.03
56 Lepcha 4,826 0.03
57 Gaine 4,484 0.02
58 Raji 3,274 0.02
59 Raute 2,878 0.02
60 Churaute 1,778 0.01
Terai others 627,514 3.39
Hill others 184,216 1.00
Mountain others 1,741 0.01
No caste 2,951 0.02
Not stated 4,858 0.03
Total 18,491,097 100

Population by language

[edit]

Languages by number of native speakers (1991)[5][7][8]
S.N. Language Number of speakers Percentage (%)
1 Nepali 9,302,880 50.31
2 Maithili 2,191,900 11.85
3 Bhojpuri 1,379,717 7.46
4 Tharu 993,388 5.37
5 Tamang 904,456 4.89
6 Newar 690,007 3.73
7 Rai, Kirat 439,312 2.38
8 Magar 430,264 2.30
9 Awadhi 374,635 2.03
10 Gurung 227,918 1.23
11 Limbu 254,088 1.37
12 Urdu 202,208 1.09
13 Hindi 170,997 0.92
14 Bhote, Sherpa 121,819 0.66
15 Rajbansi 85,558 0.46
16 Bengali/Bangla 27,712 0.15
17 Satar 25,302 0.14
18 Chepang 25,097 0.14
19 Danuwar 23,721 0.13
20 Rajasthani 16,514 0.09
21 Jhangar/Dhanga 15,175 0.08
22 Dhimal 15,014 0.08
23 Thami 14,400 0.08
24 Majhi 11,322 0.06
25 Santhali 8,030 0.04
26 Thakali 7,113 0.04
27 Darai 6,520 0.04
28 Jirel 4,229 0.02
29 Raji 2,959 0.02
30 English 2,784 0.02
31 Kumal 1,413 0.01
32 Byansi 1,314 0.01
Others 504,171 2.73
Not stated 9,157 0.05
Total 18,491,097 100

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