User:Artemis Andromeda/sandbox/wilanow: Difference between revisions

 

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[[File:Wilanów Palace.jpg|thumb|left|250px|The [[Wilanów Palace]], built between 1681 and 1696, as the royal residence for king [[John III Sobieski]].]]

[[File:Wilanów Palace.jpg|thumb|left|250px|The [[Wilanów Palace]], built between 1681 and 1696, as the royal residence for king [[John III Sobieski]].]]

In 1677, [[John III Sobieski]], the [[List of Polish monarchs|King of Poland]] and [[List of Lithuanian monarchs|Grand Duke of Lithuania]], decided to turn Wilanów into his residence. However, as per law, the ruling monarch was not allow to purchase land, he acquired it via his friend, politician Marek Matczyński.<ref name=his/><ref name=kw>Wojciech Fijałkowski: ”Królewski Wilanów”. Warsaw: Towarzystwo Opieki nad Zabytkami, 1997. ISBN 83-906629-4-9. (in Polish)</ref> Between 1681 and 1696, the [[Wilanów Palace]] was constructed as a royal residence, in place of a former manor house. It was designed by Augustyn Wincenty Locci in the [[Baroque architecture|Baroque style]], and featured a large garden complex, now known as the Wilanów Gardens. During this time, the church was moved from the garden grounds to a new wooden building at the foregrounds of the palace.<ref name=kw> Following Sobieski’s death, the estate were inherited by his sons, [[Aleksander Benedykt Sobieski]] and [[Konstanty Władysław Sobieski]], and sold in 1720 to noblewoman and landowner [[Elżbieta Helena Sieniawska]].<ref>Wojciech Fijałkowski: ”Wilanów”. Warsaw: Państwowe Wydawnictwo Naukowe, 1973, p. 42. (in Polish)</ref><ref>Wojciech Fijałkowski: ”Szlakiem warszawskich rezydencji i siedzib królewskich”. Warsaw: Wydawnictwo Polskiego Towarzystwa Turystyczno-Krajoznawczego Kraj, 1990, p. 54. ISBN 83-7005-191-X. (in Polish)</ref> The palace was expanded with west and east wings between 1723 and 1729, with a project designed by Giovanni Spazzio.<ref name=kw/><ref>Wojciech Fijałkowski: ”Wilanów”. Warsaw: Państwowe Wydawnictwo Naukowe, 1973, p. 43, 48. (in Polish)</ref>

In 1677, [[John III Sobieski]], the [[List of Polish monarchs|King of Poland]] and [[List of Lithuanian monarchs|Grand Duke of Lithuania]], decided to turn Wilanów into his residence. However, as per law, the ruling monarch was not allow to purchase land, he acquired it via his friend, politician Marek Matczyński.<ref name=his/><ref name=kw>Wojciech Fijałkowski: ”Królewski Wilanów”. Warsaw: Towarzystwo Opieki nad Zabytkami, 1997. ISBN 83-906629-4-9. (in Polish)</ref> Between 1681 and 1696, the [[Wilanów Palace]] was constructed as a royal residence, in place of a former manor house. It was designed by Augustyn Wincenty Locci in the [[Baroque architecture|Baroque style]], and featured a large garden complex, now known as the Wilanów Gardens. During this time, the church was moved from the garden grounds to a new wooden building at the foregrounds of the palace.<ref name=kw> Following Sobieski’s death, the estate were inherited by his sons, [[Aleksander Benedykt Sobieski]] and [[Konstanty Władysław Sobieski]], and sold in 1720 to noblewoman and landowner [[Elżbieta Helena Sieniawska]].<ref>Wojciech Fijałkowski: ”Wilanów”. Warsaw: Państwowe Wydawnictwo Naukowe, 1973, p. 42. (in Polish)</ref><ref>Wojciech Fijałkowski: ”Szlakiem warszawskich rezydencji i siedzib królewskich”. Warsaw: Wydawnictwo Polskiego Towarzystwa Turystyczno-Krajoznawczego Kraj, 1990, p. 54. ISBN 83-7005-191-X. (in Polish)</ref> The palace was expanded with west and east wings between 1723 and 1729, with a project designed by Giovanni Spazzio.<ref name=kw/><ref>Wojciech Fijałkowski: ”Wilanów”. Warsaw: Państwowe Wydawnictwo Naukowe, 1973, p. 43, 48. (in Polish)</ref>

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It was expanded with west and east wings between 1723 and 1729, with a project designed by Giovanni Spazzio. After Sobieski’s death, the palace was inherited by

Po śmierci Sobieskiego (1696) pałac, zgodnie z układem podpisanym w 1699 przez trzech jego synów, stał się sukcesją Aleksandra i Konstantego[3].

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The oldest known records of the settlement of Milanów (also known as Milanowo), located in the northern portion of modern Wilanów, date back to the 13th century. At the time, the settlement was owned by the Benedictine abbey in Płock, which founded there the Roman Catholic Parish of Saint Nicholas. In the 14th century, it founded a constitution of a wooden temple, named the St. Leonard Church.^[1][2][3] In 1338, the village became the property of duke Trojden I, the ruler of the Duchy of Czersk. In the second half of the 14th century, the village was given to knight Stanisław of Strzelczyków, for his service to the duke. He belonged to the heraldic clan of Jastrzębiec, and adopted the surname Milanowski.^[2][4] In the second half of the 15th century, the parish was named after both Saint Nicolas and Saint Anne, who, according to the Christian tradition, was the mother of Mary of Nazareth, and maternal grandmother of Jesus Christ. By the end of the century, it also included the nearby settlements of Kępa Zawadowska, Okrzeszyn, Narty, Powsinek, and Zawady. In the 16th century, the church was replaced by a new Gothic wooden building, and a bell tower, after the previous burned down.^[2][5] In the 17th century Milanów was sold to nobleman and politician Bogusław Leszczyński.^[2] The settlement was also renamed to Wilanów, after a local residence known as Villa Nova, meaning “new village” in Latin.^[6][7] After the death of Leszczyński, Wilanów changed its ownership numerous times.^[2]

In 1677, John III Sobieski, the King of Poland and Grand Duke of Lithuania, decided to turn Wilanów into his residence. However, as per law, the ruling monarch was not allow to purchase land, he acquired it via his friend, politician Marek Matczyński.^[2][8] Between 1681 and 1696, the Wilanów Palace was constructed as a royal residence, in place of a former manor house. It was designed by Augustyn Wincenty Locci in the Baroque style, and featured a large garden complex, now known as the Wilanów Gardens. During this time, the church was moved from the garden grounds to a new wooden building at the foregrounds of the palace.Cite error: A <ref> tag is missing the closing </ref> (see the help page).^[9] The palace was expanded with west and east wings between 1723 and 1729, with a project designed by Giovanni Spazzio.^[8][10] In 1729, it was inherited by Maria Zofia Czartoryska, who leased it to king Augustus II the Strong.^[11][12]

Between 1772 and 1775, the wooden church next to the palace was replaced by a new brick building, known as the St. Anne Church. It was designed by Jan Kotelnicki, and funded by August Aleksander Czartoryski, a nobleman, politician, military officer and owner of the estate.^[8] A cemetery, bell tower and clergy house, were also developed next to the it.^[2][5][13]

Po śmierci Elżbiety w 1729 r. dziedziczką została jej córka Zofia, późniejsza żona wojewody ruskiego, księcia Augusta Aleksandra Czartoryskiego[7]. Ta oddała pałac w dożywotnią dzierżawę następcy Jana III, królowi Augustowi II Mocnemu[4]. Kolejną dziedziczką została córka Elżbiety i Augusta Aleksandra Czartoryskich, Izabela Lubomirska. Wzbogaciła ona pałac o wiele dzieł sztuki oraz wzniosła na terenie dziedzińca nowe budowle.

W 1720 roku teren wraz z pałacem kupiła Elżbieta Helena Sieniawska. W latach 1730–1733 Wilanów dzierżawił August II Mocny. Następnie dobra wilanowskie przechodziły kolejno w ręce Czartoryskich, Lubomirskich i Potockich. W 1892 roku, zgodnie z testamentem Aleksandry z Potockich, nieruchomość została przekazana Ksaweremu Branickiemu. Wilanów pozostawał w posiadaniu Branickich od 1892 roku do końca II wojny światowej.

Na terenie Wilanowa występowało także osadnictwo olęderskie[9].

https://www.wilanow.pl/o-wilanowie/historia-wilanowa