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””’Apheloria tigana””’, also known as the ”’yellow and black flat millipede”’, is a large North American [[flat-backed millipede]] in the family [[Xystodesmidae]].<ref name=”:0″>{{Cite web |title=Yellow and Black Flat Millipede {{!}} NC State Extension Publications |url=https://content.ces.ncsu.edu/yellow-spotted-millipede |access-date=2025-10-30 |website=content.ces.ncsu.edu |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=MilliBase – Apheloria tigana Chamberlin, 1939 |url=https://www.millibase.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=943106 |access-date=2025-10-31 |website=www.millibase.org}}</ref> This millipede secretes [[cyanide]] compounds as a defense.<ref name=”:0″ /> |
””’Apheloria tigana””’, also known as the ”’yellow and black flat millipede”’, is a large North American [[flat-backed millipede]] in the family [[Xystodesmidae]].<ref name=”:0″>{{Cite web |title=Yellow and Black Flat Millipede {{!}} NC State Extension Publications |url=https://content.ces.ncsu.edu/yellow-spotted-millipede |access-date=2025-10-30 |website=content.ces.ncsu.edu |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=MilliBase – Apheloria tigana Chamberlin, 1939 |url=https://www.millibase.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=943106 |access-date=2025-10-31 |website=www.millibase.org}}</ref> This millipede secretes [[cyanide]] compounds as a defense.<ref name=”:0″ /> hands after handling as compounds are and can cause irritation if rubbed in the eyes. |
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Characteristics include yellow [[Polydesmida|paranota]] (lateral segmental expansions on the dorsa), a yellow mid-dorsal spot on the anterior margin of the collum or 1st segment, and yellow mid-dorsal spots on the caudal-most 3-5 segments. South of the Cape Fear River basin there is an undescribed ”Apheloria” species with yellow middorsal marks on most segments.<ref name=”bugguide”>{{cite web|url=http://bugguide.net/node/view/17151 |title=Genus or species? – Apheloria tigana |publisher=Iowa State University Department of Entomology |accessdate=20 April 2015}}</ref> |
Characteristics include yellow [[Polydesmida|paranota]] (lateral segmental expansions on the dorsa), a yellow mid-dorsal spot on the anterior margin of the collum or 1st segment, and yellow mid-dorsal spots on the caudal-most 3-5 segments. South of the Cape Fear River basin there is an undescribed ”Apheloria” species with yellow middorsal marks on most segments.<ref name=”bugguide”>{{cite web|url=http://bugguide.net/node/view/17151 |title=Genus or species? – Apheloria tigana |publisher=Iowa State University Department of Entomology |accessdate=20 April 2015}}</ref> |
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Revision as of 11:52, 1 November 2025
Species of millipede
Apheloria tigana, also known as the yellow and black flat millipede, is a large North American flat-backed millipede in the family Xystodesmidae.[1][2] This millipede secretes cyanide compounds as a defense.[1] Authorities recommend washing hands after handling these millipedes as these secreted compounds are toxic and can cause irritation if rubbed in the eyes.[3]
Characteristics include yellow paranota (lateral segmental expansions on the dorsa), a yellow mid-dorsal spot on the anterior margin of the collum or 1st segment, and yellow mid-dorsal spots on the caudal-most 3-5 segments. South of the Cape Fear River basin there is an undescribed Apheloria species with yellow middorsal marks on most segments.[4]
This millipede is found from coastal southeastern North Carolina to the Blue Ridge Mountains in Franklin and Floyd counties in Virginia.[5]
Although A. tigana was once accepted as a valid species,[5] in 2017, authorities deemed A. tigana to be a junior synonym of another species of Apheloria, A. virginiensis.[6] In 2025, a phylogenetic analysis of the genus Apheloria using molecular data confirmed this proposed synonymy, finding A. tigana to be the same species as A. virginiensis.[7]
References
- ^ a b “Yellow and Black Flat Millipede | NC State Extension Publications”. content.ces.ncsu.edu. Retrieved 2025-10-30.
- ^ “MilliBase – Apheloria tigana Chamberlin, 1939”. www.millibase.org. Retrieved 2025-10-31.
- ^ Henen, Derek; Brown, Jeff. Millipedes of Ohio (PDF). Ohio Division of Wildlife. p. 13.
- ^ “Genus or species? – Apheloria tigana”. Iowa State University Department of Entomology. Retrieved 20 April 2015.
- ^ a b Hoffman, Richard L. (1999). Checklist of the millipeds of north and middle America. Martinsville, VA: Virginia Museum of Natural History. p. 306. ISBN 978-1-884549-12-0.
- ^ Shelley, Rowland; Phillips, Gary; Smith, Jamie (2017-08-25). “A contribution on the neglected milliped genus Apheloria Chamberlin 1921 (Diplopoda: Polydesmida: Xystodesmidae/-inae: Apheloriini): Neotype designation and description of Julus virginiensis Drury 1770”. Insecta Mundi. 0571: 1–12.
- ^ Marek, Paul E.; Means, Jackson C.; Hennen, Derek A.; Tingley, Carol (2025-10-03). “Revision of the millipede genus Apheloria Chamberlin, 1921 (Polydesmida, Xystodesmidae, Apheloriini)”. Zootaxa. 5701 (3): 315–350. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.5701.3.4. ISSN 1175-5334.
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