Bids for the 2016 Summer Olympics: Difference between revisions

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! style=”text-align:center” scope=”row” | Winner

| colspan=”4″ style=”text-align: left” | {{main ~~article~~|Rio de Janeiro bid for the 2016 Summer Olympics}}

| colspan=”4″ style=”text-align: left” | {{main|Rio de Janeiro bid for the 2016 Summer Olympics}}

[[Rio de Janeiro]] was chosen by acclamation by the [[Brazilian Olympic Committee]] (BOC) as the national applicant city for the XXXI Olympiad on September 1, 2006, starting a process of ten years until the Olympics.<ref name=”BOC 1″>{{cite web|url=http://www.cob.org.br/noticias/noticias_interna.asp?id=4584|title=Rio is the Brazilian applicant city for the 2016 Summer Olympics|author=Brazilian Olympic Committee|date=2006-09-01|access-date=2009-09-20|language=pt|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100304084848/http://www.cob.org.br/noticias/noticias_interna.asp?id=4584|archive-date=2010-03-04}}</ref> This is the first time that the city has proceeded to the Candidature phase, after four failed attempts in [[1936 Summer Olympics|1936]], [[1940 Summer Olympics|1940]], [[2004 Summer Olympics bids|2004]] and [[2012 Summer Olympics bids|2012]].<ref name=”GB 2″>{{cite web | title = Rio de Janeiro, Brazil | work = Bid city profile and Fact sheet | publisher = GamesBids.com | url = http://www.gamesbids.com/english/bids/rio2016.shtml | access-date = 2008-07-03 }}</ref> Rio would become the first Brazilian and [[South America]]n city to host the games.<ref name=”AP”>{{cite news|last=Wilson |first=Stephen |title=IOC picks Chicago among 4 finalists for 2016 Games |publisher=The Associated Press |date=2008-06-04 |url=http://ap.google.com/article/ALeqM5gCXx3AcQIf0F9QkvGABKYylcGhpAD913GI0O0 |access-date=2008-06-04 }}{{dead link|date=June 2016|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}</ref> Rio de Janeiro planned to perform all the competitions inside the city, bringing dynamics to the games and facilitating the athlete’s interaction.<ref name=”Rio project”>{{cite web | title = Project | work = Rio 2016 | publisher = Rio de Janeiro 2016 Summer Olympics bid official website | url = http://www.rio2016.org.br/en/Rio2016/Projeto.aspx | access-date = 2008-07-03 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20080405163922/http://www.rio2016.org.br/en/Rio2016/Projeto.aspx |archive-date = 2008-04-05}}</ref> There will be seven competition centers in four Olympic regions—[[Barra da Tijuca|Barra]], [[Copacabana (Rio de Janeiro)|Copacabana]], [[Deodoro Military Club|Deodoro]], and [[Maracanã (neighborhood)|Maracanã]]—<ref>{{cite web | title = Sites | work = Rio 2016 | publisher = Rio de Janeiro 2016 Summer Olympics bid official website | url = http://www.rio2016.org.br/en/Rio2016/Locais.aspx | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20080131150944/http://www.rio2016.org.br/en/Rio2016/Locais.aspx | archive-date = 2008-01-31 | access-date = 2008-07-03 }}</ref> where football matches will be held in the cities of [[Belo Horizonte]], [[Brasília]], [[Salvador, Bahia|Salvador]] and São Paulo.<ref name=”Bid book”>{{cite book | title = Candidature Acceptance Application | publisher = Brazilian Olympic Committee | date = 2008-01-14 | url = http://www.rio2016.org.br/util/pdf/rio2016.pdf | access-date = 2008-07-03 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20090320033430/http://www.rio2016.org.br/util/pdf/rio2016.pdf | archive-date = 2009-03-20 }}</ref> The proposed dates range from August 5 to August 21 for the Summer Olympic Games, and September 7 ([[Brazilian Declaration of Independence|Independence Day of Brazil]]) to September 18 for the Summer Paralympic Games.<ref name=”Rio project”/> Rio de Janeiro failed in the previous applications mainly by lack of infrastructure, security and experience in organization of international sporting events. Brazil hosted the [[1950 FIFA World Cup]], where Rio was one of the host cities and place of the final match, but the structures have been deteriorating over time despite several reforms. However, the [[2007 Pan American Games|XV Pan American Games]], held in Rio de Janeiro between July 13 and July 29, 2007, changed the idea of failure of the city.<ref>{{cite web | title = Pan Am Games Could Make Rio Strong Olympic Games Candidate – Rogge | work = 2016 Summer Olympic bids | publisher = GamesBids.com | url = http://www.gamesbids.com/cgi-bin/news/viewnews.cgi?category=1&id=1184345120 | access-date = 2008-07-16 }}</ref> The event was considered the best in history by the president of the [[Pan American Sports Organisation]] (PASO), [[Mario Vazquez Raña]], during his speech at the closing ceremony.<ref name=”Raña”>{{cite news | title = Rio stages gala ending for Pan American Games | publisher = The International Herald Tribune | date = 2007-07-29 | url = http://www.iht.com/articles/ap/2007/07/29/sports/LA-SPT-Pan-Ams-Closing-Ceremonies.php | access-date = 2008-07-01 }}</ref> Brazil later organized the [[FIFA World Cup]] in [[2014 FIFA World Cup|2014]], adding more experience to Rio, which hosted the [[2014 FIFA World Cup Final|final match]] for the second time.<ref>{{cite web | title = Brazil Submits 2014 World Cup Bid Ahead Of 2016 Olympic Bid | work = 2016 Summer Olympic bids | publisher = GamesBids.com | url = http://www.gamesbids.com/cgi-bin/news/viewnews.cgi?category=1&id=1185898110 | access-date = 2008-07-16 }}</ref> According to the ROCOG, the entire city would to be transformed into a theater for the occasion.<ref name=”Rio project”/> The compact footprint, complemented by Rio’s topography, involves seven competition clusters in four Olympic zones—[[Barra da Tijuca|Barra]], [[Copacabana (Rio de Janeiro)|Copacabana]], [[Deodoro Military Club|Deodoro]], and [[Maracanã (neighborhood)|Maracanã]]—, all held within the city. At the heart of the concept is the Barra zone, located in one of the newer and fastest growing regions of the city, framed by [[mountain]]s, [[beach]]es and [[lagoon]]s.<ref name=”CAA 3″>{{cite book | title = Candidature Acceptance Application | quote = Venues | publisher = Brazilian Olympic Committee | date = 2008-01-14 | url = http://www.rio2016.org.br/util/pdf/rio2016.pdf | pages = 15–17 | access-date = 2008-07-20 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20090320033430/http://www.rio2016.org.br/util/pdf/rio2016.pdf | archive-date = 2009-03-20 }}</ref> The logo was revealed on December 17, 2007, during the Brazil’s Olympic Award ceremony at the [[Theatro Municipal (Rio de Janeiro)|Municipal Theater of Rio de Janeiro]], and was selected by a jury from among four finalists.<ref>{{cite web | title = Rio 2016 Launches Bid Logo | work = 2016 Summer Olympic bids | publisher = GamesBids.com | url = http://www.gamesbids.com/cgi-bin/news/viewnews.cgi?category=1&id=1197932561 | access-date = 2008-07-16 }}</ref> The BOC chose the [[Sugarloaf Mountain (Brazil)|Sugarloaf Mountain]] ({{langx|pt|Pão de Açucar}}), a prominent landmark of the city, as their symbol.<ref name=”Rio look”>{{cite web | title = Look of the Bid | work = Rio 2016 | publisher = Rio de Janeiro 2016 Summer Olympics bid official website | url = http://www.rio2016.org.br/en/Rio2016/Visual.aspx | access-date = 2008-07-16 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20080829161858/http://www.rio2016.org.br/en/Rio2016/Visual.aspx | archive-date = 2008-08-29 }}</ref> This landscape results in a heart shape that, in its turn, represents the Brazilian’s unquestionable passion and enthusiasm for sports.<ref name=”Rio look”/>

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! style=”text-align:center” scope=”row” | First runner-up

| colspan=”4″ style=”text-align: left” | {{main ~~article~~|Madrid bid for the 2016 Summer Olympics}}

| colspan=”4″ style=”text-align: left” | {{main|Madrid bid for the 2016 Summer Olympics}}

The same day London was chosen for organizing the [[2012 Summer Olympics]], the mayor of [[Madrid]] spoke of an interest to make a bid for the 2016 games. Considering its strong showing in the [[2012 Summer Olympics bids|2012 bidding]], one year later, the city council unanimously voted for the submission of a new bid. In May 2007, mayor [[Alberto Ruiz-Gallardón]] filed with the [[Spanish Olympic Committee]] (COE, {{langx|es|Comité Olímpico Español}}) as the only Spanish internal candidate for the Games.<ref>{{cite web |title=La Asamblea del COE dio su respaldo a la Candidatura de Madrid’16 (COE Assembly gives its endorsement for Madrid’s 2016 Candidacy) |url=http://www.coe.es/web/Noticias.nsf/VNoticiasMesCOE/471A7357287F8FD9C12572EB00481957?opendocument&Query=NOTICIAS*1*-1(5 |publisher=Comité Olímpico Español (Spanish Olympic Committee) |date=2007-05-30 |access-date=2007-06-15 |archive-date=2007-07-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070701201808/http://www.coe.es/web/Noticias.nsf/VNoticiasMesCOE/471A7357287F8FD9C12572EB00481957?opendocument&Query=NOTICIAS*1*-1(5 }}</ref> The Spanish [[Field Hockey]] Federation vice-chairwoman [[Mercedes Coghen]] was chosen as chairwoman of the project. Former IOC president [[Juan Antonio Samaranch]] offered his help in this new attempt. Madrid benefited from its strong reputation from the 2012 bid as well as having 85% of venues in place and many experiences hosting Olympic qualifying events.<ref name=Hersh/> Later plans stressed two clusters of venues, one on the east side, the other along the [[Manzanares River]].<ref>[http://www.gamesbids.com/cgi-bin/news/viewnews.cgi?category=1&id=1197744866 Madrid 2016 Extends Competition Venues Area]</ref> The bid was also popular with the Madrileños, boasting 85% support and 60% believing they could win the bid.<ref>[http://www.gamesbids.com/cgi-bin/news/viewnews.cgi?category=1&id=1197564068 Madrid 2016 Bid Gets Major Citizen Support]</ref> One potential problem was that no continent has hosted successive Summer Games since the special circunstances who led [[Helsinki]] to host the [[1952 Summer Olympics]] followed London as [[1948 Summer Olympics]] host city. London was scheduled to host the [[2012 Summer Olympics]], and Athens, Greece fielded the [[2004 Summer Olympics]]. Furthermore, the [[2014 Winter Olympics]] are also slated for Europe in the Russian city of [[Sochi]], and the [[2006 Winter Olympics]] were held in [[Turin]], [[Italy]]. Bid head Coghen pointed out, however, that the IOC chooses “cities, not continents”. It was Madrid’s second consecutive failure, after losing out to London for the 2012 Olympics, and later in 2020, marking the city’s third failure. The bid logo is a coloured hand print called “Corle” welcoming citizens to Madrid. An “m” is hidden in the palm standing for Madrid. It was selected via a public contest.

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! style=”text-align:center” scope=”row” | Second runner-up

| colspan=”4″ style=”text-align: left” | {{main ~~article~~|Tokyo bid for the 2016 Summer Olympics}}

| colspan=”4″ style=”text-align: left” | {{main|Tokyo bid for the 2016 Summer Olympics}}

The [[Japanese Olympic Committee]] (JOC) chose [[Tokyo]] over [[Fukuoka, Fukuoka|Fukuoka]] in August 2006.<ref>[https://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/other_sports/5297882.stm Japan chooses Tokyo for 2016 bid], ”[[BBC Sport]]”. August 30, 2006. Retrieved on August 30, 2006.</ref> Tokyo has recent experience with the success of the [[2002 FIFA World Cup]], which Japan co-hosted with [[South Korea]]. Japan also has past Olympic experience as the host of the [[1964 Summer Olympics|1964 Games]] in Tokyo, the [[1972 Winter Olympics|1972 Winter Games]] in [[Sapporo]], and the [[1998 Winter Olympics|1998 Winter Games]] in [[Nagano, Nagano|Nagano]]. Tokyo touted “the most compact and efficient Olympic Games ever” with a dramatic setting on the shores of [[Tokyo Bay]]. Similar to other past winning cities, Tokyo pledged to refurbish a run-down industrial area, and to reclaim land from the bay. Despite massive campaigning in trains, parks and street, Tokyo’s public support trailed behind the other lead cities. It fell to 56% in May 2009,<ref>{{cite news| url=https://www.theguardian.com/sport/feedarticle/8486157 | work=The Guardian | location=London | date=April 21, 2008 | access-date=April 26, 2010 | title=Sport}}</ref> from 62% in December 2007<ref>[http://www.gamesbids.com/cgi-bin/news/viewnews.cgi?category=1&id=1196959807 Tokyo 2016 Gets 62 Per Cent Public Support]</ref> and 72% in March 2008,.<ref>[http://www.gamesbids.com/cgi-bin/news/viewnews.cgi?category=1&id=1204735002 Ninety Two Million Citizens Support Tokyo 2016 Bid]</ref> While Tokyo continued its attempts to popularize the bid in high-profile venues<ref>[http://www.gamesbids.com/cgi-bin/news/viewnews.cgi?category=1&id=1197390263 Poll Shows Millions In Japan Aware Of Tokyo 2016 Bid]</ref> and events, such as the [[Tokyo Marathon]],<ref>[http://www.gamesbids.com/cgi-bin/news/viewnews.cgi?category=1&id=1203352578 Marathon Boosts Tokyo 2016 Bid]</ref> the Beijing Games were held nearby in 2008.<ref name=Hersh>Phillip Hersh, Chicago Tribune, “Chicago in 8-City Race for Olympics”, Sept 13, 2007</ref> Specifically, the voting only one year after Beijing perhaps interfered with Tokyo’s bid.<ref>[http://www.gamesbids.com/cgi-bin/news/viewnews.cgi?category=1&id=1199568691 IOC Member Assesses Olympic Bids]</ref> Tokyo’s logo was a [[Obi (sash)#Knots (musubi)|musubi]], a traditional knot which signifies times of [[blessing]], in this case using the Olympic colors. Tokyo was the second city eliminated, leaving [[Rio de Janeiro]] in the run-off against Madrid to host the 2016 Summer Olympics. Tokyo was later chosen as host of the [[2020 Summer Olympics]] in 2013.

The [[Japanese Olympic Committee]] (JOC) chose [[Tokyo]] over [[Fukuoka, Fukuoka|Fukuoka]] in August 2006.<ref>[https://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/other_sports/5297882.stm Japan chooses Tokyo for 2016 bid], ”[[BBC Sport]]”. August 30, 2006. Retrieved on August 30, 2006.</ref> Tokyo has recent experience with the success of the [[2002 FIFA World Cup]], which Japan co-hosted with [[South Korea]]. Japan also has past Olympic experience as the host of the [[1964 Summer Olympics|1964 Games]] in Tokyo, the [[1972 Winter Olympics|1972 Winter Games]] in [[Sapporo]], and the [[1998 Winter Olympics|1998 Winter Games]] in [[Nagano, Nagano|Nagano]]. Tokyo touted “the most compact and efficient Olympic Games ever” with a dramatic setting on the shores of [[Tokyo Bay]]. Similar to other past winning cities, Tokyo pledged to refurbish a run-down industrial area, and to reclaim land from the bay. Despite massive campaigning in trains, parks and street, Tokyo’s public support trailed behind the other lead cities. It fell to 56% in May 2009,<ref>{{cite news| url=https://www.theguardian.com/sport/feedarticle/8486157 | work=The Guardian | location=London | date=April 21, 2008 | access-date=April 26, 2010 | title=Sport}}</ref> from 62% in December 2007<ref>[http://www.gamesbids.com/cgi-bin/news/viewnews.cgi?category=1&id=1196959807 Tokyo 2016 Gets 62 Per Cent Public Support]</ref> and 72% in March 2008.<ref>[http://www.gamesbids.com/cgi-bin/news/viewnews.cgi?category=1&id=1204735002 Ninety Two Million Citizens Support Tokyo 2016 Bid]</ref> While Tokyo continued its attempts to popularize the bid in high-profile venues<ref>[http://www.gamesbids.com/cgi-bin/news/viewnews.cgi?category=1&id=1197390263 Poll Shows Millions In Japan Aware Of Tokyo 2016 Bid]</ref> and events, such as the [[Tokyo Marathon]],<ref>[http://www.gamesbids.com/cgi-bin/news/viewnews.cgi?category=1&id=1203352578 Marathon Boosts Tokyo 2016 Bid]</ref> the Beijing Games were held nearby in 2008.<ref name=Hersh>Phillip Hersh, Chicago Tribune, “Chicago in 8-City Race for Olympics”, Sept 13, 2007</ref> Specifically, the voting only one year after Beijing perhaps interfered with Tokyo’s bid.<ref>[http://www.gamesbids.com/cgi-bin/news/viewnews.cgi?category=1&id=1199568691 IOC Member Assesses Olympic Bids]</ref> Tokyo’s logo was a [[Obi (sash)#Knots (musubi)|musubi]], a traditional knot which signifies times of [[blessing]], in this case using the Olympic colors. Tokyo was the second city eliminated, leaving [[Rio de Janeiro]] in the run-off against Madrid to host the 2016 Summer Olympics. Tokyo was later chosen as host of the [[2020 Summer Olympics]] in 2013.

! colspan=”6″ style=”background-color: #BFD7FF” |

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! style=”text-align:center” scope=”row” | Third runner-up

| colspan=”4″ style=”text-align: left” | {{main ~~article~~|Chicago bid for the 2016 Summer Olympics}}

| colspan=”4″ style=”text-align: left” | {{main|Chicago bid for the 2016 Summer Olympics}}

On April 14, 2007, the [[United States Olympic Committee]] (USOC) chose [[Chicago]] to run in the 2016 Olympic bidding. Chicago was chosen to host the [[1904 Summer Olympics]] but they would be held in [[St. Louis, Missouri|St. Louis]], to coincide with the [[Louisiana Purchase Exposition|1904 World’s Fair]].<ref>[http://www.olympic.org/uk/games/past/index_uk.asp?OLGT=1&OLGY=1904 St Louis 1904 Games of the III Olympiad]</ref> The [[1996 Summer Olympics|1996]] in [[Atlanta, Georgia|Atlanta]] were the last summer Olympics to be hosted in North America. Chicago has an extensive [[Mass transit in Chicago|public transit system]], a wide range of venues, and a strong [[Sports in Chicago|sports culture]].<ref>[http://www.encyclopedia.chicagohistory.org/pages/1184.html Creation of Chicago Sports]</ref> The planned dramatic setting for Olympics on the shores of [[Lake Michigan]], as well as the entirely urban experience were positive factors.<ref name=Hersh/> Chicago is one of few cities in the United States to host professional men and women’s [[ice hockey|hockey]], [[baseball]], [[basketball]], [[football (soccer)|soccer]], and [[American football]] teams. Another benefit was the city’s central location in the United States, since the [[Central Time Zone (North America)|Central Time Zone]] was well-suited to the North American television coverage for television networks and cable broadcasting, which in turn benefits [[NBC]], the media company which pays the highest broadcasting rights to the IOC. Plans included a temporary Olympic Stadium in [[Washington Park (Chicago park)|Washington Park]] on the city’s South Side,<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://sportsbiznews.blogspot.com/2007/01/and-2016-summer-olympics-will-be-held.html |title=And the 2016 Summer Olympics will be held in (read the story to find out) |access-date=2007-11-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070430031750/http://sportsbiznews.blogspot.com/2007/01/and-2016-summer-olympics-will-be-held.html |archive-date=2007-04-30 }}</ref> a swimming venue on the West Side, and a number of events at [[McCormick Place]] convention center and the lakeshore as well as the Olympic Village just south of the [[Chicago Loop|Loop]]. However, soaring demolition costs to the hospital currently on the site would have required a new site for the village.<ref>[http://www.gamesbids.com/eng/olympic_bids/chicago_2016/1216133751.html Chicago 2016 – Venue Snag, Delegation Visit] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090321064457/http://www.gamesbids.com/eng/olympic_bids/chicago_2016/1216133751.html |date=March 21, 2009 }}</ref> 22 of the 27 Olympic venues would have been in four clusters within 15 km of the [[Olympic Village]]. Five new venues and eleven temporary venues would have been built for the games. The bid costs (US$49.3 million) were covered by the [[private sector]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.gamesbids.com/cgi-bin/news/viewnews.cgi?category=1&id=1200428217|title=Chicago’s 2016 Olympic Bid Details Are Released|access-date=2008-01-19|date=2008-01-15|publisher=Menscerto Inc.| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20080119035822/http://www.gamesbids.com/cgi-bin/news/viewnews.cgi?category=1&id=1200428217| archive-date= 19 January 2008 | url-status= live}}</ref> The bid was being promoted by Chicago-based media mogul [[Oprah Winfrey]], Olympic champion [[Michael Phelps]],<ref>[http://www.gamesbids.com/eng/olympic_bids/chicago_2016/1216133678.html Chicago 2016 News – Nike, Phelps, Oprah] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090318070446/http://www.gamesbids.com/eng/olympic_bids/chicago_2016/1216133678.html |date=March 18, 2009 }}</ref><ref>[http://www.gamesbids.com/eng/olympic_bids/chicago_2016/1216133694.html Olympic Champion Michael Phelps Celebrates With Chicago 2016] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090318164343/http://www.gamesbids.com/eng/olympic_bids/chicago_2016/1216133694.html |date=March 18, 2009 }}</ref> NBA superstar and former [[Chicago Bulls]] player [[Michael Jordan]], and by Chicago resident, [[U.S. President]] [[Barack Obama]] who attended the IOC vote in [[Copenhagen]]. However, local public support was smaller than other bidding cities<ref>Chicago Bid book, page 53. Survey by Zogby International, April 2007</ref> and the city press ran articles against the bid. Chicago was reported by the media to be the strongest contender in terms of infrastructure, support, and money. However Chicago was ranked 3rd by an IOC evaluation report as to the technical aspect of their bid behind Tokyo and Madrid.<ref>{{cite news| url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/olympics/7435215.stm | work=BBC News | title=Four on 2016 Olympics short-list | date=June 4, 2008 | access-date=April 26, 2010}}</ref><ref>Phillip Hersh, ”Chicago Tribune”, “Chicago in 8-City Race for Olympics”, Sept 13, 2007</ref><ref name=Hersh/> Having received the fewest votes in the first round, Chicago was the first city eliminated from contention. This was seen as a major upset against the Chicago bid team.<ref>{{cite news| url=https://www.huffingtonpost.com/2009/10/02/2016-olympics-announcemen_n_307733.html | work=Huffington Post | first=Ben | last=Goldberger | title=2016 Olympics Announcement: Chicago Eliminated In First Round Shocker (VIDEO) | date=October 2, 2009}}</ref> Eight years after Chicago losing the bid, [[Los Angeles]] was later won to host the [[2028 Summer Olympics]].<ref>{{cite news|url= https://www.latimes.com/sports/olympics/la-sp-la-olympics-approved-20170913-story.html|title=L.A. officially awarded 2028 Olympic Games|newspaper=[[Los Angeles Times]] |date=September 2017| access-date =September 13, 2017}}</ref>

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! style=”text-align:center” scope=”row” | Not shortlisted

| colspan=”4″ style=”text-align: left” | {{main ~~article~~|Baku bid for the 2016 Summer Olympics}}

| colspan=”4″ style=”text-align: left” | {{main|Baku bid for the 2016 Summer Olympics}}

[[Azerbaijan]]’s capital, Baku, announced its bid for the Olympics,<ref>[http://www.baku.ru/pubs/ai/_en.php US assemblywomen to visit Azerbaijan] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071211173814/http://www.baku.ru/pubs/ai/_en.php |date=2007-12-11 }}</ref> with initial studies suggesting that the cost of hosting the 2016 Summer Olympics could be $20 billion. The capital of a [[petroleum]] rich nation with a booming economy, Baku had plenty of money to fund the games. Unfortunately, the city’s infrastructure had deteriorated since the breakup of the Soviet Union. <!– The four facts in this paragraph were all supported by the Tribune article. –> In addition, there are three frozen political conflicts in the South Caucasus region.<ref name=Roundup>[http://www.gamesbids.com/cgi-bin/news/viewnews.cgi?category=1&id=1200769245 Olympic Bid Roundup]</ref> A lesser factor considered by the IOC is the host nation’s sport legacy. Azerbaijan has been an independent nation only a short time, so its Olympic history is also short, sending teams since only 1996 and claiming only three gold medals so far.<ref name=Hersh/> The Azerbaijani Organizing Committee established its bid committee in November 2007, installing first vice premier Yagub Eyubov as head. Sports Minister Azad Ragimov was aided by the Caspian American Group to prepare the bid book with the assistance of the government.<ref>[http://www.gamesbids.com/cgi-bin/news/viewnews.cgi?category=1&id=1194540734 Organizing Committee Established For Baku 2016 Bid]</ref> Baku’s elimination was not unexpected, as one insider cited that practically no sports facilities meet global standards, the underdeveloped tourist sector, and regional conflicts. He cited 2020 or 2024 as times when Baku will have more serious arguments to win a bid.<ref name=Roundup/> Baku’s logo depicts [[petroglyph]] images from the [[Gobustan State Reserve|Gobustan Rock Plateau]], which features the remains of settlements and burials reflecting ancient human culture.<ref>[http://www.gamesbids.com/cgi-bin/news/viewnews.cgi?category=1&id=1199290909 Baku 2016 Unveils Logo]</ref>

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! style=”text-align:center” scope=”row” | Not shortlisted

| colspan=”4″ style=”text-align: left” | {{main ~~article~~|Doha bid for the 2016 Summer Olympics}}

| colspan=”4″ style=”text-align: left” | {{main|Doha bid for the 2016 Summer Olympics}}

Doha submitted its bid to host the 2016 Summer Olympics<ref>[https://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/front_page/6174007.stm Qatar will bid for 2016 Olympics]</ref> after its hosting of the [[2006 Asian Games]], spending US$2.8 billion on infrastructure and venues.<ref>[http://www.iht.com/articles/ap/2006/12/12/sports/ME_SPT_Asian_Games_Paying_Dividends.php Qatar will gain much more than the money it spent on Asian Games]</ref> The Doha 2016 bid won much regional support, for example from the [[Olympic Council of Asia]] (OCA) president<ref>[http://www.gamesbids.com/cgi-bin/news/viewnews.cgi?category=1&id=1165422389 Qatar 2016 Bid Gets Support From OCA President]</ref> and the [[Gulf Cooperation Council]]. The Aspire Zone [[Doha Sports City|Sports City]] was to be the centerpiece of the bid, much as it served in the [[2006 Asian Games]]. Qatar is in a growth period due to its [[petroleum]] reserves, and like [[Baku]], is well situated to finance a large event. Doha is the only city in the [[Arab World]] other than [[Cairo]] to mount a serious bid, with pundits speculating the IOC may reward it by promoting it to the final shortlist. Although in a troubled area, Qatar is known as an open-minded country which is promoting acceptance and change and promoted a strong message of peace and acceptance for the region. In July and August, the average temperature in Doha can easily reach 45 °C (113 °F), thus they proposed mounting the Games in October. It is not without precedent (e.g. [[1968 Summer Olympics|Mexico City]] and [[2000 Summer Olympics|Sydney]]), but is technically outside the requirements. As Doha and Qatar in general (500,000 and 1,400,000 inhabitants, respectively) is among the smallest cities to bid to host the modern games, the Qataris would have to be innovative in bringing in spectators from neighboring countries to raise ticket sales. A side consideration is that like Azerbaijan, Qatar also has a short Olympic legacy,<ref name=Hersh/> and has been criticised for its practice of giving “passports of convenience” to foreign athletes to pad their record.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20070817231448/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,901030908-480231,00.html A Run For the Money]</ref> Only two new venues were to have been built, a velodrome and a baseball stadium, although a new Athletes’ village was to be designed. [[Khalifa International Stadium]] currently seats 50,000, under the 60,000 to meet the IOC standards.<ref>[http://www.gamesbids.com/cgi-bin/news/viewnews.cgi?category=1&id=1193332597 Doha Launches 2016 Bid, Unveils Logo, Tagline, Website] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071029052158/http://www.gamesbids.com/cgi-bin/news/viewnews.cgi?category=1&id=1193332597 |date=2007-10-29 }}</ref> Also, Qatar has plans to build the world’s most advanced Paralympics stadium and the world’s first underground stadium for matches during the [[2011 AFC Asian Cup]] in Qatar. The Doha logo for the 2016 bid is the al dahma, the flower of the spring. The design uses motifs from traditional henna decorations and Doha is written in Arabic in the design.<ref>[http://www.gamesbids.com/cgi-bin/news/viewnews.cgi?category=1&id=1193330958 Doha 2016 Reveals Olympic Bid Logo]</ref>

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! style=”text-align:center” scope=”row” | Not shortlisted

| colspan=”4″ style=”text-align: left” | {{main ~~article~~|Prague bid for the 2016 Summer Olympics}}

| colspan=”4″ style=”text-align: left” | {{main|Prague bid for the 2016 Summer Olympics}}

On March 22, 2007, [[Prague]] confirmed its bid when the Prague Assembly voted 53-10-3 in support of launching an official bid. Regarded as one of the most beautiful and visited cities in Europe,<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://goeasteurope.about.com/od/czechrepublic/a/praguetravel.htm |title=Prague is the Most Popular Central European Travel Destination |access-date=2008-01-22 |archive-date=2009-06-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090621122012/http://goeasteurope.about.com/od/czechrepublic/a/praguetravel.htm }}</ref> Prague fulfills the cultural aspects that the IOC seeks in a candidate.<ref name=Hersh/> With a strong sports history and excellent accommodations, Prague had potential to make a memorable host.<ref name=Hersh/> However, Prague has few venues in place; the plans included building three sport centers – a velodrome for cyclists in Prague or [[Brno]]; a swimming stadium that would be constructed from the existing Prague-Sutka Aquapark; and the major Olympic complex to be built in Letnany. At the Aquapark, circular pools would be built to represent the Olympic rings. Other boating venues would be in [[Lipno Dam|Lipno]], Racice, and Troja.<ref name=”Prague unveils”>[http://www.gamesbids.com/cgi-bin/news/viewnews.cgi?category=1&id=1190909710 Prague 2016 Unveils Bid Plans]</ref> Prague planned to use the [[O2 Arena (Prague)|Sazka Arena]] (now the O2 Arena) for gymnastics,<ref name=”Prague unveils”/> and in some way the city planned to use or refurbish [[Strahov Stadium]]. Further details have stressed that perhaps only 30% of construction would leave a permanent legacy. After initial support from civic authorities such as mayor [[Pavel Bem]], Prague’s bid became a long-shot.<ref>[http://www.gamesbids.com/cgi-bin/news/viewnews.cgi?category=1&id=1174578823 Prague Assembly Confirms 2016 Olympic Bid]</ref> Considering the lack of current stadia and other important Olympic sports infrastructure and the 2012 London hosting of the games, Prague was warming up for a later Olympic bid.<ref name=Hersh/> Prague struggled with broader support in the Czech Republic; even president [[Václav Klaus]] publicly worried about budget estimates and [[white elephant]]s.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.gamesbids.com/cgi-bin/news/viewnews.cgi |title=category=1&id=1197052139 Prague 2016 Bid Gets Opposition |access-date=2007-07-30 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070916043723/http://www.gamesbids.com/cgi-bin/news/viewnews.cgi |archive-date=2007-09-16 }}</ref> A public opinion poll in October 2007 mustered a quite low 50% support.<ref>[http://www.gamesbids.com/cgi-bin/news/viewnews.cgi?category=1&id=1200778518 Public Support Only 50% For Prague 2016: Bid Questionnaire Response]</ref> Prague’s bid logo features a branch from a [[laurel wreath]], a traditional symbol of victory and celebration.

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!Rio de Janeiro

|5 – 21 August <ref>{{Cite web |title=Search – Olympic World Library – Olympic World Library |url=https://library.olympics.com/?_lg=en-GB |access-date=2025-10-01 |website=library.olympics.com |language=en-GB}}</ref>

|7 – 18 September

|”Live your passion”

!Madrid

|5 – 21 August <ref name=”library.olympics.com”/>

|9 – 20 September

|”Hola everyone”

!Tokyo

|29 July – 14 August <ref~~>{{Cite~~ ~~web |title~~=~~Search – Olympic World Library – Olympic World Library |url=https://~~library.olympics.com/~~?_lg=en-GB |access-date=2025-10-01 |website=library.olympics.com |language=en-GB}}</ref~~>

|29 July – 14 August <ref =library.olympics.com/>

|30 August – 11 September

|”Uniting Our Worlds”

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==External links==

* {{Cite book | title = Candidature Acceptance Procedure | url = http://www.olympic.org/Documents/Reports/EN/en_report_1213.pdf | publisher = (IOC) | date = May 16, 2007 }}

Seven cities submitted bids for 2016 Summer Olympics and Paralympics on September 13, 2007, aiming to host the Games of the XXXI Olympiad.^[1] All of them were recognized by the International Olympic Committee (IOC) on September 14, 2007, becoming Applicant cities.^[2] Although several cities submitted to be in consideration to host the 2016 Olympics, including New York City and Los Angeles, on June 4, 2008, the IOC Executive Board shortlisted the four strongest bids to become Candidate cities. Those cities were Chicago, Madrid, Rio de Janeiro and Tokyo; the decisions were made during a meeting in Athens, Greece.^[3]^[4] The remaining Applicant cities—Baku, Doha and Prague—were eliminated.^[5]

The four Candidate cities were selected according to a detailed study of the Applicant Files received by the IOC Working Group on January 14, 2008.^[6] The four cities submitted the Candidature Files to the IOC on February 11, 2009.^[7] They were analyzed by the IOC Evaluation Commission, which made site inspections in Chicago (April 4–7, 2009), Tokyo (April 16–19, 2009), Rio de Janeiro (April 27–May 2, 2009) and Madrid (May 5–8, 2009).^[8] Under the leadership of Nawal El Moutawakel, the Evaluation Commission released its report on September 2, 2009; one month prior to the election.^[9]^[10]

With the presence of the heads of state from all four Candidate cities, the 121st IOC Session took place in Copenhagen, Denmark, on October 2, 2009.^[11] Chicago began the presentations at Bella Center; followed by Tokyo, Rio de Janeiro and Madrid; which were attended by several celebrities such as the King of Spain, Oprah Winfrey and Pelé.^[12]^[13] Before the vote, the IOC Evaluation Commission presented its report to the Session.^[12] Chicago fell in the first round, followed by Tokyo, after the eligible IOC members have been asked to vote, in a three-round exhaustive ballot process.^[14]^[15]

Rio de Janeiro defeated Madrid in the final round by 66 votes over 32, winning the rights to host the 2016 Summer Olympics and Paralympics.^[16]^[17] Brazil would become the first lusophone country and Rio de Janeiro the first city in South America to host the Summer Olympics.^[18] The announcement was made by Jacques Rogge, president of the IOC, in a widely broadcast ceremony.^[19] The lengthy and intensive bidding process, considered to be one of the tightest in history, was marked by several controversies such as espionage, racism and opposition movements.^[20]

Out of the six cities that failed to be awarded the 2016 Olympics, four of them bid for the 2020 Summer Olympics. Baku, Doha, Madrid and Tokyo were official Applicant Cities, with Madrid and Tokyo advancing to become Candidate Cities and with Tokyo eventually being selected.

The Olympic bidding process begins with the submission of a city’s application to the International Olympic Committee (IOC) by its National Olympic Committee (NOC) and ends with the election of the host city by the members of the IOC during an ordinary session. The process is governed by the Olympic Charter, as stated in Chapter 5, Rule 34.^[21]

Since 1999, the process has consisted of two phases. During the first phase, which begins immediately after the bid submission deadline, the “applicant cities” are required to answer a questionnaire covering themes of importance to a successful Games organization. This information allows the IOC to analyze the cities’ hosting capacities and the strengths and weaknesses of their plans. Following a detailed study of the submitted questionnaires and ensuing reports, the IOC Executive Board selects the cities that are qualified to proceed to the next phase. The second phase is the true candidature stage: the accepted applicant cities (from now on referred to as “candidate cities”) are required to submit a second questionnaire in the form of an extended, more detailed, candidature file.^[22] These files are carefully studied by the IOC Evaluation Commission, a group composed of IOC members, representatives of international sport federations, NOCs, athletes, the International Paralympic Committee, and international experts in various fields.^[23] The members of the Evaluation Commission then make four-day inspection visits to each of the candidate cities, where they check the proposed venues and are briefed about details of the themes covered in the candidature file. The Evaluation Commission communicates the results of its inspections in a report sent to the IOC members up to one month before the electing IOC Session.^[22]

The IOC Session in which a host city is elected takes place in a country that did not submit an application to stage the Olympics.^[22] The election is made by the assembled active IOC members (excluding honorary and honor members), each possessing one vote. Members from countries that have a city taking part in the election cannot vote while the city is in the running. The voting is conducted in a succession of rounds until one bid achieves an absolute majority of votes; if this does not happen in the first round, the bid with the fewest votes is eliminated and another voting round begins. In the case of a tie for the lowest number of votes, a special runoff vote is carried out, with the winner proceeding to the next round. After each round, the eliminated bid is announced.^[24]^[25] Following the announcement of the host city, the successful bid delegation signs the “Host City Contract” with the IOC, which delegates the responsibilities of the Games organisation to the city and respective NOC.^[26]

A young girl adds her signature in support of Rio de Janeiro’s candidacy to host the 2016 Summer Olympics (January 2009)

The deadline to submit applications for the 2016 Summer Olympics was September 13, 2007. The seven cities that submitted bids before that date also met the January 14, 2008 deadline for submission of the first phase questionnaire.^[27] Through analysis of the questionnaires, the IOC gave a weighted-average score to each city based on the scores obtained in each of the questionnaire’s eleven themes: political and social support, general infrastructure, sports venues, Olympic Village, environment, accommodation, transport, security, past experience, finance, and legacy. If a bid’s score was higher than six (IOC’s predefined benchmark score), the city was considered highly capable of hosting the Games; otherwise, its chances were very slim.^[28] On June 4, 2008, the IOC announced the cities accepted as candidates:^[29] Four of the five highest-rated applicants progressed to the next phase as official candidate cities.^[27] As stipulated, the IOC granted them the right to use the Olympic rings on their candidature emblem, together with a label identifying each as a Candidate City. The International Olympic Committee went against precedent when it selected Rio de Janeiro over Doha—a city which scored higher yet was eliminated from the field. Doha’s weaknesses of a small population, lack of facilities, and Games dates outside of the IOC’s desired window may have been too large an obstacle for the IOC to accept.^[30] Typically, the IOC selects all the top scoring bids which reach the established minimum benchmark.

The Working Group divided the Evaluation Report on eleven detailed themes and weightings: Government support, legal issues and public opinion (2);^[31] General infrastructure (5);^[32] Sports venues (4);^[33] Olympic Village(s) (3);^[34] Environmental conditions and impact (2);^[35] Accommodation (5);^[36] Transport concept (3);^[37] Safety and security (3);^[38] Experience from past sports events (2);^[39] Finance (3);^[40] and, Overall project and legacy (3).^[41] Weightings, varying between 1 and 5 (5 being the highest), were attributed by the Working Group to each criterion, reflecting the level of information requested of the Applicant Cities at this stage of the bid process, and the potential of achieving the level required for the organisation of the Olympic Games in the seven years’ preparation time.^[28] The Working Group set the benchmark at 6 as minimum required grade (on a scale of 0 to 10). This grade was attributed by the Working Group to the main and sub-criteria for each Applicant City, reflecting the assessment of the Working Group (quality, number, location, concept, etc.).^[28]

Nawal El Moutawakel of Morocco headed the Evaluation Commission. She also chaired the evaluation commission for the 2012 Summer Olympics bids. Other members include Olympic Games Executive Director Gilbert Felli, IOC Member Ching-Kuo Wu from Chinese Taipei, IOC Member Craig Reedie from Great Britain, IOC Member Guy Drut from France, IOC Member Mounir Sabet from Egypt, IOC Member and Athletes’ Commission Representative Alexander Popov from Russia, IOC Member and ASOIF Representative Els van Breda Vriesman from The Netherlands and IPC Representative Gregory Hartung from Australia.

The Commission made on-site inspections in the second quarter of 2009. visiting Chicago April 2 to 8, Tokyo April 14 to 20, Rio de Janeiro April 27 to May 3, and Madrid May 4 to 9. In a change from previous years, the commission’s visits were extended from four days to seven.^[43] They issued a comprehensive technical appraisal for IOC members one month before the elections in October 2009.^[44]

At the 121st IOC Session in Copenhagen, Denmark on October 2, 2009, final voting took place. The three ballots were held within a 15 minutes period, and although the first two ballots results were announced immediately, the third ballot result was announced only about one hour later.^[45] The final result and winner was announced as Rio de Janeiro at 16:49 UTC (6:49 pm in Copenhagen and 1:49 pm in Rio de Janeiro). The results were as shown:

2016 host city election ballots results

[edit]

Proposed dates and bid slogans

[edit]


	Games of the XXXI Olympiad	XV Paralympic Games	Slogan
Rio de Janeiro	5 – 21 August ^[96]	7 – 18 September	“Live your passion”
Madrid	5 – 21 August ^[96]	9 – 20 September	“Hola everyone”
Tokyo	29 July – 14 August ^[96]	30 August – 11 September	“Uniting Our Worlds”
Chicago	22 July – 7 August ^[97]	17 – 28 August	“Let friendship shine”

Potential cities overview

[edit]

Several Australian cities expressed interest, such as Brisbane.^[98]
Bangkok, Thailand expressed much enthusiasm after their strong performance in the 2004 Games, but instead applied to host the 2010 Youth Games.^[99]
Brussels, Belgium showed interest after some politicians considered an organisation between a Belgian city and a Dutch City after the Euro 2000 co-organized by both countries.^[100]^[101]
Buenos Aires, Argentina participated in the 2004 Summer Olympics bid^[102]
Cape Town and Durban, South Africa expressed interest.^[103]
Delhi, India was originally set to enter a bid;^[104] however, in April 2007 it announced it would bid for the 2020 games instead.^[105]
Dubai, United Arab Emirates was also posed to make a serious bid, but in the end did not for unknown reasons.^[106]
Fukuoka and Sapporo were other internal candidates eliminated by the JOC.^[107]
Houston and Philadelphia were eliminated by the USOC, San Francisco withdrew when it lost stadium funding and Chicago was chosen over Los Angeles for the bid competition.^[108]
Istanbul, Turkey broke with its standing policy to bid for every game, but vowed to try again.^[109]
Lisbon, Portugal considered bidding.^[110]
Monterrey The Mexican Olympic committee declined to place a bid.^[111]
Montreal and Toronto expressed interest, but Canada abandoned any plans for a bid after Vancouver won the 2010 Winter Olympics.^[112]^[113]^[114]^[115]
Nairobi, Kenya The sports minister expressed interest in a bid, but the Kenyan Olympics head said it was not the right time.^[116]^[117]^[118]
Rome, Italy was a leading candidate for a time, but they pulled out, preferring to wait for 2020.^[119]
São Paulo was considered, but the Brazilian Olympic Committee opted for Rio de Janeiro.^[120]
/ San Diego and Tijuana discussed a joint bid for what would have been the first binational Olympics.^[121]

Two websites, GamesBids.com and Around the Rings, feature predicting indices which specialize in evaluations of Olympiad bids. They periodically release analysis of the candidates and assigns them a score between 0 and 100, or 0 and 110 respectively. The score produces a number that can be used to rate a bid relative to past successful bids – and possibly gauge its potential future success. GamesBids.com’s scale is called BidIndex,^[122] AtR’s is called the Power Index.^[123]^[124]

Both indices correctly predicted the winner, Rio de Janeiro, but failed to predict the poor showing of Chicago, which was the first to be eliminated from the final 4, as well as the strong showing of Madrid, who was the last contender against Rio.

^{^} Released on September 10, 2009. Doha, Prague, and Baku are no longer being rated. Their scores are from May 28, 2008.
^{^} as of September 27, 2009

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2016 host city election ballots results

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