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| Material = [[Vellum]]<ref>{{cite web |title=Vatican City, Biblioteca Apostolica Vaticana, MS Reg. lat. 191 |url=https://codecs.vanhamel.nl/Vatican_City,_Biblioteca_Apostolica_Vaticana,_MS_Reg._lat._191 |website=CODECS |publisher=A. G. van Hamel Foundation for Celtic Studies |access-date=16 September 2025}}</ref>

| Material = [[Vellum]]<ref>{{cite web |title=Vatican City, Biblioteca Apostolica Vaticana, MS Reg. lat. 191 |url=https://codecs.vanhamel.nl/Vatican_City,_Biblioteca_Apostolica_Vaticana,_MS_Reg._lat._191 |website=CODECS |publisher=A. G. van Hamel Foundation for Celtic Studies |access-date=16 September 2025}}</ref>

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”’Reginensis Latinus 191”’ ([[shelfmark]] ”’Reg.lat.191”’) is a 9th-century [[codex]] compiled at the [[Abbey of Saint-Remi]] in [[Reims]] and now held in the [[Vatican Library]]. The codex is notable for the text fragments contained within its binding, which include parts of ”De Moribus” by [[Seneca the Younger#Disputed quotations|pseudo-Seneca]], ”[[De Viris Illustribus (Jerome)|De Viris Illustribus]]” by [[Jerome]], and a 10th-century list of [[Brittonic languages|Brittonic]] patron saints.<ref>{{harvnb|Padel|2002|p=317}}</ref><ref name=”:10″>{{harvnb|Olson|Padel|1986|p=35}}</ref>

”’Reginensis Latinus 191”’ ([[shelfmark]] ”’Reg.lat.191”’) is a 9th-century [[codex]] compiled at the [[Abbey of Saint-Remi]] in [[Reims]] and now held in the [[Vatican Library]]. The codex is notable for the text fragments contained within its binding, which include parts of ”De Moribus” by [[Seneca the Younger#Disputed quotations|pseudo-Seneca]], ”[[De Viris Illustribus (Jerome)|De Viris Illustribus]]” by [[Jerome]], and a 10th-century list of [[Brittonic languages|Brittonic]] patron saints.<ref>{{harvnb|Padel|2002|p=317}}</ref><ref name=”:10″>{{harvnb|Olson|Padel|1986|p=35}}</ref>

==History==

==History==
Line 108: Line 108:

===Bibliography===

===Bibliography===

{{refbegin|30em|indent=yes}}

* {{cite journal |last=Vendryes |first=J. |date=1938 |title=Une Liste de noms bretons |journal=[[Études Celtiques]] |volume=3 |issue=5 |pages=144-154 |doi= |jstor= |lang=fr }}

* {{cite journal |last=Vendryes |first=J. |date=1938 |title=Une Liste de noms bretons |journal=[[Études Celtiques]] |volume=3 |issue=5 |pages=144-154 |doi= |jstor= |lang=fr }}

* {{cite journal |last=Godu |first=G. |last2=Le Roux |first2=P. |date=1938 |title=Une Liste de noms brittoniques du X<sup>e</sup> siècle |journal=Annales de Bretagne |volume=45 |issue= |pages=197-208 |doi= |jstor= |lang=fr }}

* {{cite journal |last=Godu |first=G. |last2=Le Roux |first2=P. |date=1938 |title=Une Liste de noms brittoniques du X<sup>e</sup> siècle |journal=Annales de Bretagne |volume=45 |issue= |pages=197-208 |doi= |jstor= |lang=fr }}
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* {{cite book |last=Padel |first=O. J. |title=Local Saints and Local Churches in the Early Medieval West |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]] |year=2002 |isbn=9780198203940 |editor-last=Thacker |editor-first=Alan |pp=303-360 |chapter=Local Saints and Place-Names in Cornwall |oclc= |editor-last2=Sharpe |editor-first2=Richard}}

* {{cite book |last=Padel |first=O. J. |title=Local Saints and Local Churches in the Early Medieval West |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]] |year=2002 |isbn=9780198203940 |editor-last=Thacker |editor-first=Alan |pp=303-360 |chapter=Local Saints and Place-Names in Cornwall |oclc= |editor-last2=Sharpe |editor-first2=Richard}}

* {{cite book |editor-last=Wilmart |editor-first=Andreas |author-link=Andreas Wilmart |title=Codices Reginenses Latini |volume=I: Codices 1-250 |year=1937 |publisher=Bibliothecae Apostolicae Vaticanae |isbn= |oclc= |url=https://digi.vatlib.it/view/INV_Salacons.Mss.Rosso.81(1) |lang=la}}

* {{cite book |editor-last=Wilmart |editor-first=Andreas |author-link=Andreas Wilmart |title=Codices Reginenses Latini |volume=I: Codices 1-250 |year=1937 |publisher=Bibliothecae Apostolicae Vaticanae |isbn= |oclc= |url=https://digi.vatlib.it/view/INV_Salacons.Mss.Rosso.81(1) |lang=la}}

{{refend}}

==External links==

==External links==

* [https://digi.vatlib.it/view/MSS_Reg.lat.191 Manuscript viewer], Vatican Library

* [https://digi.vatlib.it/view/MSS_Reg.lat.191 Manuscript viewer], Vatican Library

* https://codecs.vanhamel.nl/List_of_Cornish_saints_(BAV_MS_Reg._lat._191)

Revision as of 09:17, 22 September 2025

Codex Reginensis Latinus 191
Date c. 9th–10th centuries
Place of origin Reims
Language(s) Latin
Material Vellum[1]

Reginensis Latinus 191 (shelfmark Reg.lat.191) is a 9th-century codex compiled at the Abbey of Saint-Remi in Reims and now held in the Vatican Library. The codex is notable for the text fragments contained within its binding, which include parts of De Moribus by pseudo-Seneca, De Viris Illustribus by Jerome, and a 10th-century list of Brittonic patron saints.[2][3][4]

History

The manuscript was previously in the collections of Christina, Queen of Sweden and Alexandre Pétau, son of Paul Pétau.[5]

Contents

The codex is a collection of ecclesiastical texts,[3] including works by Isidore of Seville, Augustine of Hippo, Pelagius, Ebbo, Hincmar, Alcuin, and Prudentius of Troyes.[6][7]

Binding

Two fragmentary Latin texts are found in the folia[a] used to bind the codex: De Moribus by pseudo-Seneca, and a chapter on Seneca in De Viris Illustribus by Jerome. It is not known whether these were originally bound into a text on their own or as part of a larger manuscript.De Moribus and Jerome on Seneca are both written in a Breton Carolingian minuscule script which dates c. 885–915.[8] One line of De Moribus on fol. 105R is corrected using the Insular script, probably by the same hand which wrote the name list.[9]

Saint list

The list of Brittonic saints was first discussed in 1938 by French academics, although they did not identify the connection with Cornwall.[10]

The origin of the fragment is probably in Brittany, where the list was likely added onto an existing Breton manuscript, which later became the binding of the Reims codex.[11] The list is written using an Insular minuscule script, which is distinct from the Breton Carolingian minuscule used for the adjacent Latin fragments. The use of the Insular script, rather than the Carolingian script, has been interpreted as an indicator that the scribe could have been of British origin or that the manuscript was brought to Cornwall where the list was added.[12][13]

Forty-eight Brittonic personal names are recorded in the list. Twenty-one of these are patron saints of churches in Cornwall (some of whom have associations elsewhere in the Brittonic region), nine are possibly identifiable with known Cornish saints, two are associated with non-parish holy sites in Cornwall, one (Iodechall) is a known Brittonic saint with no association with Cornwall, and fifteen are unidentified or illegible. Around half of the names are certainly associated with Cornwall, and the ordering of the names correlates geographically with parish dedications in Cornwall. Therefore, B. Lynette Olson and O. J. Padel identify the list as “unquestionably a list of Cornish saints, at least in part.”[14]

The names, in the original order, are the following:

  1. Salamun, patron of St Levan[15]
  2. Guenosam, possibly identifiable as the patron of St Gennys[16]
  3. Barmot, unidentified[17]
  4. Cuncar, possibly patron of a holy well and medieval chapel at St Ingunger, Lanivet[18]
  5. Cioc, unidentified, possibly the same as Cuncar[19]
  6. Guenb… (missing letters, perhaps Guenbet), unidentified[19]
  7. Ruaton, unidentified[19]
  8. Guicmor, unidentified[19]
  9. Iust, patron of St Just in Penwith, St Just in Roseland, and a well in Probus[20]
  10. Entenin, patron of St Anthony-in-Meneage and St Anthony in Roseland[21]
  11. Gerent, patron of Gerrans, as well as two chapels in Magor, Monmouthshire and Dol-de-Bretagne respectively[21]
  12. Filii, patron of Philleigh[22]
  13. Rumon, patron of Ruan Major, Ruan Minor, Ruan Lanihorne, a chapel in Redruth, and formerly patron of Audierne and Saint-Jean-Trolimon[23]
  14. Comet, unidentified[23]
  15. Meler, patron of Linkinhorne and Mylor[24]
  16. Sibillon, possibly the original dedication of St Symphorian‘s Church in Veryan[25]
  17. Maucan, patron of St Mawgan in Pydar and Mawgan-in-Meneage[25]
  18. Achobran, patron of St Keverne[26]
  19. Berion, patron of St Buryan[27]
  20. Felec, patron of Phillack[28]
  21. Guidian, patron of Gwithian[29]
  22. Erbec, unidentified but possibly connected to three church dedications to a St Hermes[29]
  23. Nioth (or Rioth), unidentified[30]
  24. Propus, patron of Probus[31]
  25. Latoc, patron of Ladock[32]
  26. Luidin, unidentified[32]
  27. Pierguin, unidentified[33]
  28. Geuedenoc, identified with Wethenoc[34]
  29. …uai[35]
  30. …nu or …in[36]
  31. …cu[36]
  32. Iogarun, unidentified[36]
  33. Gernun (uncertain transcription), possibly connected to the patron of St Germans[37]
  34. Lallu, probably patron of Menheniot[38]
  35. Be…en, possibly Berguen[38]
  36. Entr?r? or Ent…i[39]
  37. Bie, unidentified[39]
  38. Elenn, unclear connection to other similarly named saints, possibly the former patron of St Stephen-in-Brannel[40]
  39. Austoll, patron of St Austell[41]
  40. Megunn, patron of St Mewan[42]
  41. Iodechall, attested in Breton litanies and a hagiography, no patronages[43]
  42. Crite, patron of Creed and possibly of Saint-Cry in Brittany
  43. Guron, patron of Goran[44]
  44. Euai, patron of St Ewe[45]
  45. Gu?ai, unidentified, perhaps connected to a Welsh saint Gwrai[46]
  46. Memai, identified with Meva, co-patron of Mevagissey[47]
  47. Iti, patron of St Issey and co-patron of Mevagissey[47]
  48. Aboel, unidentified[47]

Notes

  1. ^ Specifically, fols. ii–v and 104–105 contain the Latin texts and Brittonic name list.[3]

References

  1. ^ Groenewegen, Dennis. “Vatican City, Biblioteca Apostolica Vaticana, MS Reg. lat. 191”. CODECS. A. G. van Hamel Foundation for Celtic Studies. Retrieved 16 September 2025.
  2. ^ Padel 2002, p. 317
  3. ^ a b c Olson & Padel 1986, p. 35
  4. ^ Groenewegen, Dennis. “List of Cornish saints (BAV MS Reg. lat. 191)”. CODECS. A. G. van Hamel Foundation for Celtic Studies. Retrieved 22 September 2025.
  5. ^ “Manuscript – Reg.lat.191: General Information” (in English and Latin). Vatican Library. Retrieved 22 September 2025.
  6. ^ “Manuscript – Reg.lat.191” (in English and Latin). Vatican Library. Retrieved 16 September 2025.
  7. ^ Wilmart 1937, pp. 452–458
  8. ^ Olson & Padel 1986, pp. 35–36
  9. ^ Olson 1996, pp. 179–180
  10. ^ Vendryes 1938, Godu & Le Roux 1938 cited in Olson & Padel 1986, p. 33
  11. ^ Olson & Padel 1986, p. 38: “To summarize the palaeographical and codicological evidence for the date and provenance of the Vatican List of Brittonic names: it was written at the turn of the ninth/tenth century at the earliest, or perhaps later in the tenth century, by a scribe who wrote an Insular hand, being added to a text written slightly earlier, almost certainly in Brittany; and by the twelfth century it had been used in the binding of a codex in the monastic library of St Remi at Rheims.”
  12. ^ Bisagni, Jacopo. “MS Reg.lat.191”. A Descriptive Handlist of Breton Manuscripts, c. AD 780–1100. University of Galway. Retrieved 16 September 2025.
  13. ^ Olson & Padel 1986, pp. 36–37
  14. ^ Olson & Padel 1986, pp. 34–35
  15. ^ Olson & Padel 1986, p. 42
  16. ^ Olson & Padel 1986, pp. 42–43
  17. ^ Olson & Padel 1986, p. 43
  18. ^ Olson & Padel 1986, pp. 43–44
  19. ^ a b c d Olson & Padel 1986, p. 44
  20. ^ Olson & Padel 1986, pp. 44–45
  21. ^ a b Olson & Padel 1986, p. 45
  22. ^ Olson & Padel 1986, pp. 45–46
  23. ^ a b Olson & Padel 1986, p. 46
  24. ^ Olson & Padel 1986, pp. 46–47
  25. ^ a b Olson & Padel 1986, p. 47
  26. ^ Olson & Padel 1986, pp. 47–48
  27. ^ Olson & Padel 1986, p. 48
  28. ^ Olson & Padel 1986, pp. 48–49
  29. ^ a b Olson & Padel 1986, p. 49
  30. ^ Olson & Padel 1986, pp. 49–51
  31. ^ Olson & Padel 1986, pp. 51–52
  32. ^ a b Olson & Padel 1986, p. 52
  33. ^ Olson & Padel 1986, pp. 52–53
  34. ^ Olson & Padel 1986, pp. 53–54
  35. ^ Olson & Padel 1986, pp. 54–55
  36. ^ a b c Olson & Padel 1986, p. 55
  37. ^ Olson & Padel 1986, pp. 55–56
  38. ^ a b Olson & Padel 1986, p. 56
  39. ^ a b Olson & Padel 1986, p. 57
  40. ^ Olson & Padel 1986, pp. 57–59
  41. ^ Olson & Padel 1986, p. 59
  42. ^ Olson & Padel 1986, pp. 59–60
  43. ^ Olson & Padel 1986, p. 60
  44. ^ Olson & Padel 1986, pp. 60–61
  45. ^ Olson & Padel 1986, p. 61
  46. ^ Olson & Padel 1986, pp. 61–62
  47. ^ a b c Olson & Padel 1986, p. 62

Bibliography

  • Vendryes, J. (1938). “Une Liste de noms bretons”. Études Celtiques (in French). 3 (5): 144–154.
  • Godu, G.; Le Roux, P. (1938). “Une Liste de noms brittoniques du Xe siècle”. Annales de Bretagne (in French). 45: 197–208.
  • Olson, B. Lynette; Padel, O. J. (1986). “A tenth-century list of Cornish parochial saints”. Cambridge Medieval Celtic Studies. 12: 33–71. ISSN 0260-5600.
  • Olson, B. Lynette (1996). “Note: The tenth-century List of Cornish parochial saints’ names in Codex Vaticanus Reg. Lat. 191”. Parergon. 13 (2): 179–181. doi:10.1353/pgn.1996.0016. ISSN 1832-8334.
  • Padel, O. J. (2002). “Local Saints and Place-Names in Cornwall”. In Thacker, Alan; Sharpe, Richard (eds.). Local Saints and Local Churches in the Early Medieval West. Oxford University Press. pp. 303–360. ISBN 9780198203940.
  • Wilmart, Andreas, ed. (1937). Codices Reginenses Latini (in Latin). Vol. I: Codices 1-250. Bibliothecae Apostolicae Vaticanae.

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