Craspedosoma rawlinsii: Difference between revisions

 

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””’Craspedosoma rawlinsii””’ is a [[species]] of [[millipede]] in the [[Family (biology)|family]] [[Craspedosomatidae]].<ref name=”:3″>{{Cite web |title=MilliBase – Craspedosoma rawlinsii Leach, 1816 |url=https://www.millibase.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=952341 |access-date=2025-11-11 |website=www.millibase.org |language=en}}</ref><ref name=”:0″>{{Cite web |title=Craspedosoma rawlinsii Leach, 1814 |url=https://www.gbif.org/species/6186977 |access-date=2025-11-11 |website=www.gbif.org |language=en}}</ref><ref name=”:4″>{{Cite web |title=Craspedosoma rawlinsii Leach, 1816 {{!}} COL |url=https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/Z68K |access-date=2025-11-11 |website=www.catalogueoflife.org}}</ref><ref name=”inaturalist-Craspedosoma rawlinsii”>{{cite web |title=Craspedosoma rawlinsii |url=https://www.inaturalist.org/taxa/1050694-Craspedosoma-rawlinsii |website=iNaturalist |language=en-US}}</ref> This millipede is widespread in [[Europe]] from the [[British Isles]] to [[Belarus]] and has also been introduced into [[Canada]].<ref name=”:1″>{{Cite journal |last=McAlpine |first=Donald F. |last2=Shear |first2=William A. |date=2018-08-02 |title=The millipede Craspedosoma raulinsii Leach, 1814 (Chordeumatida: Craspedosomatidae) in North America with comments on the derivation of its binomial name |url=https://www.mapress.com/zt/article/view/zootaxa.4455.2.8 |journal=Zootaxa |language=en |volume=4455 |issue=2 |pages=389–394 |doi=10.11646/zootaxa.4455.2.8 |issn=1175-5334}}</ref><ref name=”:0″ /> This millipede can reach 16 mm in length and features 30 segments, counting the collum as the first segment and the [[telson]] as the last.<ref name=”:32″>{{Cite book |last=Blower |first=J. Gordon |title=Millipedes : keys and notes for the identification of the species |date=1985 |publisher=Published for the Linnean Society of London and the Estuarine and Brackish-Water Sciences Association by E.J. Brill |others=Linnean Society of London, Estuarine and Brackish-water Sciences Association |isbn=90-04-07698-0 |location=London |pages=70-73 |oclc=13439686}}</ref>

””’Craspedosoma rawlinsii””’ is a [[species]] of [[millipede]] in the [[Family (biology)|family]] [[Craspedosomatidae]].<ref name=”:3″>{{Cite web |title=MilliBase – Craspedosoma rawlinsii Leach, 1816 |url=https://www.millibase.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=952341 |access-date=2025-11-11 |website=www.millibase.org |language=en}}</ref><ref name=”:0″>{{Cite web |title=Craspedosoma rawlinsii Leach, 1814 |url=https://www.gbif.org/species/6186977 |access-date=2025-11-11 |website=www.gbif.org |language=en}}</ref><ref name=”:4″>{{Cite web |title=Craspedosoma rawlinsii Leach, 1816|url=https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/Z68K |access-date=2025-11-11 |website=www.catalogueoflife.org}}</ref><ref name=”inaturalist-Craspedosoma rawlinsii”>{{cite web |title=Craspedosoma rawlinsii |url=https://www.inaturalist.org/taxa/1050694-Craspedosoma-rawlinsii |website=iNaturalist |language=en-US}}</ref> This millipede is widespread in [[Europe]] from the [[British Isles]] to [[Belarus]] and has also been introduced into [[Canada]].<ref name=”:1″>{{Cite journal |last=McAlpine |first=Donald F. |last2=Shear |first2=William A. |date=2018-08-02 |title=The millipede Craspedosoma raulinsii Leach, 1814 (Chordeumatida: Craspedosomatidae) in North America with comments on the derivation of its binomial name |url=https://www.mapress.com/zt/article/view/zootaxa.4455.2.8 |journal=Zootaxa |language=en |volume=4455 |issue=2 |pages=389–394 |doi=10.11646/zootaxa.4455.2.8 |issn=1175-5334}}</ref><ref name=”:0″ /> This millipede can reach 16 mm in length and features 30 segments, counting the collum as the first segment and the [[telson]] as the last.<ref name=”:32″>{{Cite book |last=Blower |first=J. Gordon |title=Millipedes : keys and notes for the identification of the species |date=1985 |publisher=Published for the Linnean Society of London and the Estuarine and Brackish-Water Sciences Association by E.J. Brill |others=Linnean Society of London, Estuarine and Brackish-water Sciences Association |isbn=90-04-07698-0 |location=London |pages=70-73 |oclc=13439686}}</ref>

== Discovery and taxonomy ==

== Discovery and taxonomy ==

Authorities disagree regarding the proper spelling of the name of this species, with some using the name ”C. raulinsii” rather than ”C. rawlinsii”.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Craspedosoma rawlinsii|url=https://bmig.org.uk/species/craspedosoma-rawlinsii |access-date=2025-11-11 |website=bmig.org.uk}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Dolejš |first=Petr |last2=Kocourek |first2=Pavel |date=2019 |title=Bohumil Němec and his millipede collection at the National Museum in Prague (Czechia), with notes on Craspedosoma rawlinsii simplex Němec, 1896 |url=https://www.schubartiana.de/issues/pdf/vol8/Dolejs-2019-Nemec_millipede_collection_prague.pdf |journal=Schubartiana |volume=8 |pages=25–35 [33]}}</ref> This species was first [[Species description|described]] in 1814 by the English [[Zoology|zoologist]] [[William Elford Leach]] using the spelling ”C. raulinsii.”<ref name=”:2″>{{Cite book |last=Leach |first=W.E. |url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/37187640#page/455/mode/1up |title=Edinburgh encyclopaedia, conducted by David Brewster … with the assistance of gentlemen eminent in science and literature |date=1814 |publisher=Blackwood |editor-last=Brewster |editor-first=David |volume=7 |location=Edinburgh |pages=407 |chapter=Crustaceology}}</ref> He named this species in memory of his late colleague Richard Rawlins, who discovered the first specimen under stones near [[Edinburgh]] in [[Scotland]].<ref name=”:2″ /> Leach used the spelling ”C. rawlinsii” in another 1814 description that was not published until 1815.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Leach |first=William Elford |date=1815 |title=XXXI. A tabular View of the external Characters of Four Classes of Animals, which Linné arranged under Insecta; with the Distribution of the Genera composing Three of these Classes into Orders, &c. and Descriptions of several New Genera and Species |url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/756873#page/415/mode/1up |journal=Transactions of the Linnean Society of London |volume=11 |pages=306–400 [380] |doi=10.1111/j.1096-3642.1813.tb00065.x |via=Biodiversity Heritage Library}}</ref><ref name=”:1″ /> Some authorities deem ”C. raulinsii” to be the correct spelling based on the earlier publication.<ref name=”:1″ /><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Read |first=Helen J. |last2=Enghoff |first2=Henrik |date=2023 |title=On the species names of some British millipedes |url=https://bmig.org.uk/sites/default/files/bulletin/BullBMIG35-2023p43-44_Read-Enghoff_millipede-names.pdf |journal=Bulletin of the British Myriapod and Isopod Group |volume=35 |pages=43-44}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Kime |first=Richard Desmond |last2=Enghoff |first2=Henrik |date=2021-09-22 |title=Atlas of European millipedes 3: Order Chordeumatida (Class Diplopoda) |url=https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/view/1497 |journal=European Journal of Taxonomy |language=en |volume=769 |pages=1–244 [71] |doi=10.5852/ejt.2021.769.1497 |issn=2118-9773}}</ref> Nevertheless, the spelling ”C. rawlinsii” has been widely used and is listed by other references as the accepted spelling, citing the later publication.<ref name=”:3″ /><ref name=”:0″ /><ref name=”:4″ />

Authorities disagree regarding the proper spelling of the name of this species, with some using the name ”C. raulinsii” rather than ”C. rawlinsii”.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Craspedosoma rawlinsii|url=https://bmig.org.uk/species/craspedosoma-rawlinsii |access-date=2025-11-11 |website=}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Dolejš |first=Petr |last2=Kocourek |first2=Pavel |date=2019 |title=Bohumil Němec and his millipede collection at the National Museum in Prague (Czechia), with notes on Craspedosoma rawlinsii simplex Němec, 1896 |url=https://www.schubartiana.de/issues/pdf/vol8/Dolejs-2019-Nemec_millipede_collection_prague.pdf |journal=Schubartiana |volume=8 |pages=25–35 [33]}}</ref> This species was first [[Species description|described]] in 1814 by the English [[Zoology|zoologist]] [[William Elford Leach]] using the spelling ”C. raulinsii.”<ref name=”:2″>{{Cite book |last=Leach |first=W.E. |url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/37187640#page/455/mode/1up |title=Edinburgh encyclopaedia, conducted by David Brewster … with the assistance of gentlemen eminent in science and literature |date=1814 |publisher=Blackwood |editor-last=Brewster |editor-first=David |volume=7 |location=Edinburgh |pages=407 |chapter=Crustaceology}}</ref> He named this species in memory of his late colleague Richard Rawlins, who discovered the first specimen under stones near [[Edinburgh]] in [[Scotland]].<ref name=”:2″ /> Leach used the spelling ”C. rawlinsii” in another 1814 description that was not published until 1815.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Leach |first=William Elford |date=1815 |title=XXXI. A tabular View of the external Characters of Four Classes of Animals, which Linné arranged under Insecta; with the Distribution of the Genera composing Three of these Classes into Orders, &c. and Descriptions of several New Genera and Species |url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/756873#page/415/mode/1up |journal=Transactions of the Linnean Society of London |volume=11 |pages=306–400 [380] |doi=10.1111/j.1096-3642.1813.tb00065.x |via=Biodiversity Heritage Library}}</ref><ref name=”:1″ /> Some authorities deem ”C. raulinsii” to be the correct spelling based on the earlier publication.<ref name=”:1″ /><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Read |first=Helen J. |last2=Enghoff |first2=Henrik |date=2023 |title=On the species names of some British millipedes |url=https://bmig.org.uk/sites/default/files/bulletin/BullBMIG35-2023p43-44_Read-Enghoff_millipede-names.pdf |journal=Bulletin of the British Myriapod and Isopod Group |volume=35 |pages=43-44}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Kime |first=Richard Desmond |last2=Enghoff |first2=Henrik |date=2021-09-22 |title=Atlas of European millipedes 3: Order Chordeumatida (Class Diplopoda) |url=https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/view/1497 |journal=European Journal of Taxonomy |language=en |volume=769 |pages=1–244 [71] |doi=10.5852/ejt.2021.769.1497 |issn=2118-9773}}</ref> Nevertheless, the spelling ”C. rawlinsii” has been widely used and is listed by other references as the accepted spelling, citing the later publication.<ref name=”:3″ /><ref name=”:0″ /><ref name=”:4″ />

== Distribution ==

== Distribution ==

Species of millipede

Craspedosoma rawlinsii is a species of millipede in the family Craspedosomatidae.^[1][2][3][4] This millipede is widespread in Europe from the British Isles to Belarus and has also been introduced into Canada.^[5][2] This millipede can reach 16 mm in length and features 30 segments, counting the collum as the first segment and the telson as the last.^[6]

Authorities disagree regarding the proper spelling of the name of this species, with some using the name C. raulinsii rather than C. rawlinsii.^[7][8] This species was first described in 1814 by the English zoologist William Elford Leach using the spelling C. raulinsii.^[9] He named this species in memory of his late colleague Richard Rawlins, who discovered the first specimen under stones near Edinburgh in Scotland.^[9] Leach used the spelling C. rawlinsii in another 1814 description that was not published until 1815.^[10][5] Some authorities deem C. raulinsii to be the correct spelling based on the earlier publication.^[5][11][12] Nevertheless, the spelling C. rawlinsii has been widely used and is listed by other references as the accepted spelling, citing the later publication.^[1][2][3]

This species is native to central Europe, where it can be found in Germany^[13] and Poland,^[14] with its range including the United Kingdom. It has been introduced into Canada.^[5]