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Fortified site
The Château de Flumet, also known locally as the Château des Faucigny, was a 12th-century fortified site located in the Val d’Arly. Now disappeared, it stood above the commune of Flumet in the Savoie department, within the Auvergne–Rhône-Alpes region. Between the 13th and 15th centuries, it served as the seat of a châtellenie.
Location
Flumet is located on the southern boundary of the seigneury of Faucigny, adjacent to the County of Savoy.[1] The castle controlled access to the upper Val d’Arly from the Combe de Savoie, particularly from the direction of Ugine. The castle or keep was constructed on a rocky hill overlooking the confluence of the Arly and the Arondine.[2]
History
The castle was likely constructed in the mid-12th century, shortly before the development of the fortified town,[3] which is mentioned in the 1151 foundation charter of the Reposoir Charterhouse.[3] Under Baron Aymon II of Faucigny, in the early 13th century, a fortified settlement formed around the site.[4] The first known reference to the castle dates to 1228, when the town received a charter of liberties.[5][6]
In the 13th century, the castle and seigneury were held by the lords of Faucigny before passing to the House of Savoy. Peter of Savoy married Agnès of Faucigny, the sole heiress of Baron Aymon II,[7][8][9] in 1234. After Aymon II’s death in 1253, Pierre of Savoy reorganized the barony of Faucigny into several châtellenies.[10][11]
Peter of Savoy had the castle strengthened prior to 1263, the year he inherited the comital throne of Savoy.[4][12]
His daughter Beatrice subsequently inherited the title and the lands associated with the baronies of Faucigny and Beaufortain, including the Val d’Arly and the Château de Flumet,[7] in accordance with her grandfather’s directives.[13][8][9]
By the late 13th century, the castle served as the center of one of the nine châtellenies within the bailiwick of Faucigny.[14]
In 1339, the Dauphin, then ruler of Faucigny, levied a toll at Flumet.[15]
The castle had fallen into ruin by the 15th century. After a major fire struck the town of Flumet in June 1679,[16] the inhabitants were authorized by Marie-Jeanne Baptiste, regent of the Duchy of Savoy, to reuse materials from the castle for reconstruction.[16]
Description
According to the “delphinal” inquiry of April 1339, the Château de Flumet consisted of a square central tower[2] and a second tower positioned above the entrance.[2] The complex was enclosed by a surrounding wall that included residential buildings.[2] The fortification wall was higher on the Savoy-facing side to the southwest.[2]
Châtellenie of Flumet
Organization
The Château de Flumet served as the center of a châtellenie, or mandement, within Faucigny[17] from the 13th century onward.[18] By the late 12th century, Faucigny was organized into nine châtellenies,[Note 1] with Flumet listed in ninth position in the order of precedence according to the 1431 inventory of Faucigny’s titles, as later cited by Canon Jean-Louis Grillet.[19][17]
During the delphinal period, Faucigny was reorganized between 1342 and 1343 into fifteen châtellenies, one of which was Flumet.[20]
After Faucigny became part of the domains of the count-apparent of Genevois—who also held the titles of baron of Faucigny and of Beaufort—the châtellenie of Flumet was reclassified as a vice-châtellenie[21] and placed under the authority of the châtellenie of the Châtelet du Crédoz.[21]
| Commune | Name | Type |
|---|---|---|
| Demi-Quartier | Châtelard of Demi-Quartier | small castle |
| Flumet | Flumet | fortified castle |
| Flumet | fortified house of Riddes | fortified castle |
| Flumet | Tour des Bieux | fortified castle |
| La Giettaz | Châtelard of La Giettaz | small castle |
| La Giettaz | Châtelard of the Aravis | small castle |
| Notre-Dame-de-Bellecombe | Châtellet of Notre-Dame-de-Bellecombe | castle |
| Notre-Dame-de-Bellecombe | Châtellet of Notre-Dame-de-Bellecombe | small castle |
| Praz-sur-Arly | Château of Praz-sur-Arly | castle |
During the early 14th century, the barony of Faucigny underwent another administrative reorganization, resulting in seventeen châtellenies.[23]
In the 17th century, the arms of the mandement were described as three red pales on a gold field.[24]
Châtelains
In the County of Savoy, the châtelain was an appointed officer serving for a fixed, revocable term.[25][26] His duties included administering the châtellenie, collecting its fiscal revenues, and overseeing the maintenance of the castle.[27]
In a 1988 presentation at the 32nd Congress of the Learned Societies of Savoy, Bernard Ducretet discussed the functions of châtelains, drawing on Étienne Dullin’s 1911 thesis Les châtelains dans les domaines de la Maison de Savoie en deçà des Alpes. He noted that until the mid-16th century, these officers acted as intermediaries between the local communities[Note 2] of their châtellenie and the prince’s court, regularly reporting on administration and conveying the population’s requests and grievances.[30]
From its integration into the Savoyard domain in 1355, the châtelain’s military role declined.[30] The office, once a personal responsibility, became a hereditary position, with day-to-day administration managed by a lieutenant.[30] The châtellenie was later incorporated into the apanage of Genevois (1514–1659), which included Faucigny and the barony of Beaufort.[30]
Faucigny, Dauphiné, and French Administration
Savoyard Administration
Administration of the Appanage of Genevois (1502–1659) Châtelains and Revenue Farmers of the Mandement[34]
Appointed (*) by the King of France (Occupation of the Duchy, 1536–1559)[33]
Appointed by the Duke
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See also
Notes
- ^ List of the nine châtellenies in order of precedence: Châtillon, Toisinges (Bonneville), Bonne, Sallanches, Faucigny, Le Châtelet du Crédoz, Samoëns, Montjoie, and Flumet.[19]
- ^ The “communiers or comparsoniers, consorts or jomarons” were a grouping or association of several peasant families,[28] either within the framework of a parish or in the ownership or exploitation of undivided property.[29]
- ^ “Master” is a title associated with “procurators, notaries, practitioners, and commissioners.”[35]
References
- ^ Dufour & Rabut 1867, p. 15
- ^ a b c d e Carrier & de La Corbière 2005, p. 99
- ^ a b Dufour & Rabut 1867, p. 14
- ^ a b Carrier, Nicolas (2001). La vie montagnarde en Faucigny à la fin du Moyen Âge : économie et société, fin XIIIe-début XVIe siècle [Mountain life in Faucigny at the end of the Middle Ages: economy and society, late 13th to early 16th century] (in French). Éditions L’Harmattan. p. 53. ISBN 978-2-7475-1592-4. Retrieved December 6, 2025.
- ^ Mariotte, Jean-Yves (1971). “La charte de fondation de Flumet (1228) source du droit de Fribourg” [The founding charter of Flumet (1228), source of Fribourg law]. Mémoires de la société pour l’histoire du droit et des institutions des anciens pays bourguignons, comtois et romands [Memoirs of the Society for the History of Law and Institutions of the Former Burgundian, Comtois, and Romand Countries] (in French). Faculté de droit et de science politique.
- ^ Löber, Ruth Mariotte (1973). Ville et seigneurie : Les chartes de franchises des comtes de Savoie, fin XIIe siècle-1343 [Town and seigneury: The charters of franchises of the Counts of Savoy, late 12th century-1343] (in French). Librairie Droz – Académie florimontane. p. 197. ISBN 978-2-600-04503-2. Retrieved December 6, 2025.
- ^ a b Gros, Adolphe (1935). Dictionnaire étymologique des noms de lieu de la Savoie [Etymological dictionary of place names in Savoie] (in French). La Fontaine de Siloé. p. 191. ISBN 978-2-84206-268-2. Retrieved December 6, 2025.
- ^ a b Demotz 2000, pp. 458–459
- ^ a b “REG 0/0/1/664” (in French). Retrieved December 6, 2025.
- ^ Demotz 2000, p. 354
- ^ Hudry 1982, p. 405
- ^ “REG 0/0/1/955” (in French). Retrieved December 6, 2025.
- ^ de la Corbière 2003, p. 45
- ^ Institut de Saint-Gervais (1997). L’Institut de Saint-Gervais : une recherche-action dans la montagne touristique [The Saint-Gervais Institute: action research in mountain tourism] (in French). p. 90.
- ^ Carrier & de La Corbière 2005, p. LVIII
- ^ a b Hudry 1982, p. 406
- ^ a b Dufour & Rabut 1867, pp. 62–63
- ^ Gavard, Guy (2006). Histoire d’Annemasse et des communes voisines : les relations avec Genève de l’époque romaine à l’an 2000 [History of Annemasse and neighboring towns: relations with Geneva from Roman times to the year 2000]. Les Savoisiennes (in French). Montmélian: La Fontaine de Siloé. pp. 65–66. ISBN 978-2-84206-342-9. Retrieved December 6, 2025.
- ^ a b Grillet, Jean-Louis (1807). Dictionnaire historique, littéraire et statistique des départements du Mont-Blanc et du Léman, contenant l’histoire ancienne et moderne de la Savoie [Historical, literary, and statistical dictionary of the departments of Mont Blanc and Lake Geneva, containing the ancient and modern history of Savoy] (in French). Vol. 3. Chambéry: J.F. Puthod. p. 264. Retrieved December 6, 2025.
- ^ de la Corbière 2003, p. 195
- ^ a b Dufour & Rabut 1867, p. 68
- ^ Payraud 2009, Appendix 8: List of fortified complexes included in the corpus
- ^ Carrier & de La Corbière 2005, p. XX
- ^ Gonthier, J.-F. (1895). “Funérailles de Charles-Amédée de Savoie, duc de Nemours (1659)” [Funeral of Charles-Amédée of Savoy, Duke of Nemours (1659)]. Revue savoisienne (in French). XI (II): 249. Retrieved December 6, 2025.
- ^ Sorrel, Christian (2006). Histoire de la Savoie : images, récits [History of Savoy: images, stories] (in French). La Fontaine de Siloé. pp. 146–147. ISBN 978-2-84206-347-4. Retrieved December 6, 2025.
- ^ Carrier, Nicolas (2001). “Une justice pour rétablir la « concorde » : la justice de composition dans la Savoie de la fin du Moyen Âge (fin XIIIe -début XVIe siècle)” [Justice to restore “harmony”: composition justice in Savoy at the end of the Middle Ages (late 13th to early 16th century)]. Le règlement des conflits au Moyen Âge. Actes du XXXIe Congrès de la SHMESP (Angers, 2000) [Conflict resolution in the Middle Ages. Proceedings of the 31st SHMESP Congress (Angers, 2000)] (in French). Paris: Publications de la Sorbonne. pp. 237–257. ISBN 978-2-85944-438-9.
- ^ Barbero, Alessandro (2006). “Les châtelains des comtes, puis ducs de Savoie en vallée d’Aoste (XIIIe – XVIe siècle)” [The lords of the counts, then dukes of Savoy in the Aosta Valley (13th–16th centuries)]. « De part et d’autre des Alpes » : les châtelains des princes à la fin du moyen âge : actes de la table ronde de Chambéry, 11 et 12 octobre 2001 [“On both sides of the Alps”: the princes’ castellanies at the end of the Middle Ages: proceedings of the round table in Chambéry, October 11 and 12, 2001] (in French).
- ^ Leguay, Thérèse; Leguay, Jean-Pierre (2005). Histoire de la Savoie [History of Savoy] (in French). Paris: Éditions Jean-paul Gisserot. p. 43. ISBN 978-2-87747-804-5. Retrieved December 4, 2025.
- ^ Baud, Henri; Mariotte, Jean-Yves (1980). Histoire des communes savoyardes : Le Chablais [History of Savoyard municipalities: Chablais] (in French). Roanne: Éditions Horvath. p. 413. ISBN 978-2-7171-0099-0.
- ^ a b c d e f Ducretet, Bernard (1990). “Les châtelains de Beaufort du XIIIe au XVIIIe siècle” [The lords of Beaufort from the 13th to the 18th century]. Notables et notabilité dans les pays de Savoie : actes du XXXIIe congrès des sociétés savantes de Savoie, Moûtiers, 10-11 septembre 1988 publié par l’Académie de la Val d’Isère (in French): 31–52. Retrieved December 6, 2025.
- ^ “SA – Comptes des chatellenies, des subsides, des revenus et des judicatures” [SA – Accounts of the chatellenies, subsidies, revenues, and judicatures.] (in French). Archived from the original on June 12, 2018.
- ^ Payraud 2009, pp. 671–682, Appendix 11: List of castle owners identified in this study
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae Dufour & Rabut 1867, p. 15
- ^ Perrillat, Laurent (2006). L’apanage de Genevois aux XVIe et XVIIe siècles : pouvoirs, institutions, société [The prerogative of Genevois in the 16th and 17th centuries: powers, institutions, society] (in French). Vol. 113. Académie salésienne. pp. 941–943. Retrieved December 6, 2025.
- ^ Nicolas, Jean (2003). La Savoie au XVIIIe siècle, Noblesse et Bourgeoisie [Savoy in the 18th century, Nobility and Bourgeoisie]. Le Champ régional (in French). Les Marches: La Fontaine de Siloé. p. 66. ISBN 978-2-84206-222-4. Retrieved December 6, 2025.
Bibliography
- Hudry, Marius (1982). Histoire des communes savoyardes : Albertville et son arrondissement (vol. 4) [History of Savoyard municipalities: Albertville and its district (vol. 4)] (PDF) (in French). Roanne: Éditions Horvath. pp. 403–409. ISBN 978-2-7171-0263-5. Archived from the original (PDF) on December 20, 2016.
- Carrier, Nicolas; de La Corbière, Matthieu (2005). Entre Genève et Mont-Blanc au XIVe siècle : enquête et contre-enquête dans le Faucigny delphinal de 1339 [Between Geneva and Mont Blanc in the 14th century: investigation and counter-investigation in the Dauphin’s Faucigny in 1339] (in French). Librairie Droz. ISBN 978-2-88442-019-8. Retrieved December 6, 2025.
- de la Corbière, Matthieu (2003). L’invention et la défense des frontières dans le diocèse de Genève : étude des principautés et de l’habitat fortifié, XIIe-XIVe siècle [The invention and defense of borders in the diocese of Geneva: a study of principalities and fortified settlements, 12th-14th centuries]. Mémoires et documents publiés par l’Académie salésienne (in French). Annecy: Académie salésienne. p. 290. ISBN 978-2-901-10218-2.
- Demotz, Bernard (2000). Le comté de Savoie du XIe au XVe siècle : Pouvoir, château et État au Moyen Âge [The County of Savoy from the 11th to the 15th century: Power, castles, and the State in the Middle Ages] (in French). Geneva: Slatkine. ISBN 2-05-101676-3.
- Dufour, Auguste; Rabut, François (1867). Histoire de la commune de Flumet [History of the municipality of Flumet]. Mémoires et documents (in French). Vol. 11. Chambéry: Imprimerie du Gouvernement – Société savoisienne d’histoire et d’archéologie. pp. 1–168. ISBN 2-05-101676-3.
- Lullin, Paul; Le Fort, Charles (1866). Régeste genevois : Répertoire chronologique et analytique des documents imprimés relatifs à l’histoire de la ville et du diocèse de Genève avant l’année 1312 [Régeste genevois: Chronological and analytical directory of printed documents relating to the history of the city and diocese of Geneva prior to 1312] (in French). Société d’histoire et d’archéologie de Genève. Retrieved December 6, 2025.
