Glossary of Russian carriages: Difference between revisions

 

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==Horse-drawn carriages==

==Horse-drawn carriages==

*Dolgusha, dolgushka ({{lang|ru|долгуша, долгушка}}), an obsolete generic term for a carriage whose body was mounted on a long base. It could be synonymously applied to ”lineyka” or [[tarantas]].<ref>[https://feb-web.ru/feb/mas/mas-abc/05/ma142310.htm?cmd=0&istext=1 ДОЛГУ́ША], In: Словарь русского языка: В 4-х т. / РАН, Ин-т лингвистич. исследований; Под ред. А. П. Евгеньевой. — 4-е изд., стер. — М.: Рус. яз.; Полиграфресурсы, 1999, vol. 1 “А—Й”</ref><ref>[https://humanities_dictionary.academic.ru/5713/Транспортные_средства Транспортные средства] [Means of transportation], In: Российский гуманитарный энциклопедический словарь. — М.: Гуманит. изд. центр ВЛАДОС: Филол. фак. С.-Петерб. гос. ун-та. 2002</ref>

*Dolgusha, dolgushka ({{lang|ru|долгуша, долгушка}}), an obsolete generic term for a carriage whose body was mounted on a long base. It could be synonymously applied to ”lineyka” or [[tarantas]].<ref>[https://feb-web.ru/feb/mas/mas-abc/05/ma142310.htm?cmd=0&istext=1 ДОЛГУ́ША], In: Словарь русского языка: В 4-х т. / РАН, Ин-т лингвистич. исследований; Под ред. А. П. Евгеньевой. — 4-е изд., стер. — М.: Рус. яз.; Полиграфресурсы, 1999, vol. 1 “А—Й”</ref><ref>[https://humanities_dictionary.academic.ru/5713/Транспортные_средства Транспортные средства] [Means of transportation], In: Российский гуманитарный энциклопедический словарь. — М.: Гуманит. изд. центр ВЛАДОС: Филол. фак. С.-Петерб. гос. ун-та. 2002</ref>

* [[Drogi (cart)|Drogi]] ({{lang|ru|[[wikt:ru:дроги|дроги]]}}), a primitive long cart without a body; basically only front and back axles connected by one or two beams called [[wikt:ru:дрога|”droga”]]<ref name=u-drogi>[https://dic.academic.ru/dic.nsf/ushakov/796334 ДРОГИ], In: ”[[Ushakov Dictionary]]”</ref>

* [[Drogi (cart)|Drogi]] ({{lang|ru|[[wikt:ru:дроги|дроги]]}}), a primitive long cart without a body; basically only front and back axles connected by one or two beams called [[wikt:ru:дрога|”droga”]]<ref name=u-drogi>[https://dic.academic.ru/dic.nsf/ushakov/796334 ДРОГИ], In: ”[[Ushakov Dictionary]]”</ref>

* [[Droshky]] — a four-wheeled open carriage where passengers straddle the seat{{r|smith|pp=68-69|quote=Droshky. Four-wheeled passenger carriage of Russian origins. Originally ridden by two or more persons seated on an upholstered cross-plank. The seating was eventually changed to a well-padded bench, but near to road level. Protected by a falling or half-hood. Drawn by three horses abreast, decorated with silver bells. The centre horse, between shafts and under a wooden arch or ‘douga’;did most of the hauling — at a smart trot, while the outer horses cantered, with outward turned heads, for show.}}<ref name=”web”>{{cite book |title=Webster’s International Dictionary of the English Language |first=Noah |last=Webster |author-link=Noah Webster |year=1907 |publisher=George Bell & Sons |ol=22896559M |url=https://archive.org/details/webstersinternat01webs/page/457/mode/1up?ref=ol&view=theater&q=droshky |page=457 |quote=Dros’ky (drŏ’kў), ”n.”; ”pl.” droskies (-kĭz). [Russ. ”drojki”, dim. of ”drogi” a kind of carriage, prop. pl. of ”droga” shaft or pole of a carriage.] A low, four-wheeled, open carriage, used in Russia, consisting of a kind of long, narrow bench, on which the passengers ride as on a saddle, with their feet reaching nearly to the ground. Other kinds of vehicles are now so called, esp. a kind of victoria drawn by one or two horses, and used as a public carriage in German cities. [Written also ”droitzschka”, and ”droschke”.]}}</ref>

* [[Droshky]] — a four-wheeled open carriage where passengers straddle the seat{{r|smith|pp=68-69|quote=Droshky. Four-wheeled passenger carriage of Russian origins. Originally ridden by two or more persons seated on an upholstered cross-plank. The seating was eventually changed to a well-padded bench, but near to road level. Protected by a falling or half-hood. Drawn by three horses abreast, decorated with silver bells. The centre horse, between shafts and under a wooden arch or ‘douga’;did most of the hauling — at a smart trot, while the outer horses cantered, with outward turned heads, for show.}}<ref name=”web”>{{cite book |title=Webster’s International Dictionary of the English Language |first=Noah |last=Webster |author-link=Noah Webster |year=1907 |publisher=George Bell & Sons |ol=22896559M |url=https://archive.org/details/webstersinternat01webs/page/457/mode/1up?ref=ol&view=theater&q=droshky |page=457 |quote=Dros’ky (drŏ’kў), ”n.”; ”pl.” droskies (-kĭz). [Russ. ”drojki”, dim. of ”drogi” a kind of carriage, prop. pl. of ”droga” shaft or pole of a carriage.] A low, four-wheeled, open carriage, used in Russia, consisting of a kind of long, narrow bench, on which the passengers ride as on a saddle, with their feet reaching nearly to the ground. Other kinds of vehicles are now so called, esp. a kind of victoria drawn by one or two horses, and used as a public carriage in German cities. [Written also ”droitzschka”, and ”droschke”.]}}</ref>

There are a number of horse-drawn vehicles peculiar to Russia. In regions with harsh winters, carriage bodies were sometimes built to be interchangeable—able to set upon sled runners in snow or fitted to wheeled undercarriages for the warmer seasons. Oxen, dogs and reindeer may also be used by indigenous peoples of Russia.

• Dolgusha, dolgushka (долгуша, долгушка), an obsolete generic term for a carriage whose body was mounted on a long base (from the word dolgiy, ‘long’). It could be synonymously applied to lineyka or tarantas.^[1][2]
• Drogi (дроги), a primitive long cart without a body; basically only front and back axles connected by one or two beams called droga^[3]
• Droshky — a four-wheeled open carriage where passengers straddle the seat^{[4]: 68–69 [5]}
• Fura (wikt:фура), large cargo cart, esp. for military use.^[6] In modern Russian it colloquially refers to semi-trailer truck.
• Furmanka, small fura or small britzka,^[6] from German Fuhrmann, “carter”
• Kibitka, carriage with a cloth cover stretched over wooden bows. It may be installed on wheels or sleigh runners.^{[7]: 183 [4]: 101}
• Kolymaga [ru] — a 16th–17th century precursor of the coach^[8][9]
• Lineyka [ru], old horse-drawn topless passenger carriage with a longitudinal partition, in which passengers sit in two lines with their backs to each other, sideways to the direction of travel.^[10]
• Tagarka [ru], Ural fishermen’s carriage; basically a regular carriage with waterproof bast cabin^[11]
• Tarantass — a long four-wheeled carriage with no springs or seats^{[4][12][4]: 159 [7]: 270}
• Telega — a wagon^{[13][4]: 160 [14][7]: 270, 273}

• Russian sleds [ru]
  • Drovni [ru], a peasant cargo sled of extremely simple construction^[15]
  • Kibitka may also be mounted on sleds
  • Rozvalni [ru], a simple sled, named so due to the two side poles spreading out to the sides^[15]
  • Troika — sleigh driven by three horses abreast^[16]: 281
  • Vozok — an enclosed winter sleigh; a large carriage body mounted on runners.^{[7]: 289 [4]: 179}