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===Roman period=== |
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Among the ancient ruins found in Inkhil are the remains of a large villa dating from the 2nd century CE during [[Roman Empire|Roman]] rule. Within the building is large vaulted central hall which connects to several rooms containing busts and other Roman-era sculptures carved from [[basalt]]. Its facade has highly decorated entrances and conch-head [[Niche (architecture)|niche]]s.<ref>Ball, 2002, pp. [https://books.google.com/books?id=73-JAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA240 240]-241.</ref> During [[Byzantine Empire|Byzantine]] rule, Inkhil was dominated by the [[Ghassanids]], Arab vassals of the empire based in nearby [[Jabiya]].<ref>Shahid, 2002, p. [https://books.google.com/books?id=pfwAG3-rpzcC&pg=PA203 203]</ref> |
Among the ancient ruins found in Inkhil are the remains of a large villa dating from the 2nd century CE during [[Roman Empire|Roman]] rule. Within the building is large vaulted central hall which connects to several rooms containing busts and other Roman-era sculptures carved from [[basalt]]. Its facade has highly decorated entrances and conch-head [[Niche (architecture)|niche]]s.<ref>Ball, 2002, pp. [https://books.google.com/books?id=73-JAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA240 240]-241.</ref> During [[Byzantine Empire|Byzantine]] rule, Inkhil was dominated by the [[Ghassanids]], Arab vassals of the empire based in nearby [[Jabiya]].<ref>Shahid, 2002, p. [https://books.google.com/books?id=pfwAG3-rpzcC&pg=PA203 203]</ref> |
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[[File:Palace, Inkhil (أنخل), Syria – East facade – PHBZ024 2016 3602 – Dumbarton Oaks.jpg|thumb|Roman villa in Inkhil |
[[File:Palace, Inkhil (أنخل), Syria – East facade – PHBZ024 2016 3602 – Dumbarton Oaks.jpg|thumb|Roman villa in Inkhil]] |
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===Ottoman period=== |
===Ottoman period=== |
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Revision as of 09:53, 21 September 2025
Town in southern Syria
City in Daraa, Syria
Inkhil (Arabic: أنخل, romanized: Ankhil) is a city in southern Syria, administratively part of the as-Sanamayn District in the Daraa Governorate. It is located north of Daraa and just east of the Golan Heights in the Hauran plain. According to the Syria Central Bureau of Statistics (CBS), Inkhil had a population of 31,258 in the 2004 census.[1] The city’s inhabitants are predominantly Sunni Muslims.
History
Roman period
Among the ancient ruins found in Inkhil are the remains of a large villa dating from the 2nd century CE during Roman rule. Within the building is large vaulted central hall which connects to several rooms containing busts and other Roman-era sculptures carved from basalt. Its facade has highly decorated entrances and conch-head niches.[2] During Byzantine rule, Inkhil was dominated by the Ghassanids, Arab vassals of the empire based in nearby Jabiya.[3]
,_Syria_-_East_facade_-_PHBZ024_2016_3602_-_Dumbarton_Oaks.jpg)
Ottoman period
In 1596, Inkhil appeared in the Ottoman tax registers under the name of Nahal, being part of the nahiya of Bani Kilab in the Sanjak of Hauran. It had an entirely Muslim population consisting of 86 households and 45 bachelors. They paid a fixed tax-rate of 40% on agricultural products, including wheat, barley, summer crops, goats and bee-hives; in addition to occasional revenues; a total of 13,000 akçe. Most of the income (22 out of 24 parts) went to a waqf (religious trust).[4]
The town consisted of about 50 houses in the early 1840s all of which were inhabited by Muslims.[5] According to German archaeologist Gottlieb Schumacher, Inkhil was recorded to be a “small place numbering 55 to 60 huts” in 1897.[6]
Civil war
Inkhil was one of the first towns to participate in the Syrian uprising against the government of Bashar al-Assad in March 2011 following demonstrations in Daraa.[7] On 19 August 2012, four protesters were killed and dozens injured after Syrian security forces shot at demonstrators emerging from a mosque following Friday prayers.[8] By 30 September 2016, there were 14,845 refugees from Inkhil (Ankhal) registered in Jordan.[9]
References
- ^ a b General Census of Population and Housing 2004 Archived 2013-01-12 at archive.today. Syria Central Bureau of Statistics (CBS). Daraa Governorate. (in Arabic)
- ^ Ball, 2002, pp. 240-241.
- ^ Shahid, 2002, p. 203
- ^ Hütteroth and Abdulfattah, 1977, p. 211
- ^ Newbold, 1846, p. 335
- ^ Schumacher, 1897, p. 190
- ^ Sterling, Joe. Daraa: The spark that lit the Syrian flame. CNN. 2012-03-01. Retrieved on 2012-03-21.
- ^ Inkhil Live Blog. Al Jazeera English. 2011-08-19. Retrieved on 2012-03-21.
- ^ “Syrian Refugees in Jordan by Origin (Town/ Village)”. data.unhcr.org. 26 October 2016. Retrieved 5 February 2024.
Bibliography
- Ball, Warwick (2002). Rome in the East. Routledge. ISBN 9780415243575.
- Hütteroth, W.-D.; Abdulfattah, K. (1977). Historical Geography of Palestine, Transjordan and Southern Syria in the Late 16th Century. Erlanger Geographische Arbeiten, Sonderband 5. Erlangen, Germany: Vorstand der Fränkischen Geographischen Gesellschaft. ISBN 3-920405-41-2.
- Newbold, Captain (1846). “On the site of Ashtaroth”. The Journal of the Royal Geographical Society. 16. Murray: 331–338. doi:10.2307/1798240. JSTOR 1798240.
- Schumacher, G. (1897). “Notes from Jedur”. Quarterly Statement – Palestine Exploration Fund. 29: 190–195. doi:10.1179/peq.1897.29.3.190.
- Shahîd, I. (2002). Byzantium and the Arabs in the Sixth Century: pt. 1, Toponymy, Monuments, Historical Geography, and Frontier Studies. Dumbarton Oaks Research Library and Collection. ISBN 0884022145.
