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Martinis was awarded the [[Nobel Prize in Physics]] in 2025 for the discovery of macroscopic quantum mechanical tunnelling and energy quantisation in an electric circuit.<ref>{{Cite AV media |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=m9FUkAis62s |title=Announcement of the 2025 Nobel Prize in Physics |date=2025-09-15 |last=Nobel Prize |access-date=2025-10-07 |via=YouTube}}</ref> |
Martinis was awarded the [[Nobel Prize in Physics]] in 2025 for the discovery of macroscopic quantum mechanical tunnelling and energy quantisation in an electric circuit.<ref>{{Cite AV media |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=m9FUkAis62s |title=Announcement of the 2025 Nobel Prize in Physics |date=2025-09-15 |last=Nobel Prize |access-date=2025-10-07 |via=YouTube}}</ref> |
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[[File:Prospects for a Quantum Factoring Machine.webm|thumb|thumbtime=0:58|John Martinis (2017)]] |
[[File:Prospects for a Quantum Factoring Machine.webm|thumb|thumbtime=0:58|John Martinis (2017)]] |
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John M. Martinis received his B.S. in physics in 1980 and his Ph.D. in physics from the [[University of California, Berkeley]]. During his Ph.D., he investigated the quantum behaviour of a macroscopic variable, the phase difference across a [[Josephson effect|Josephson tunnel junction]].<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Clarke|first1=J.|last2=Cleland|first2=A. N.|last3=Devoret|first3=M. H.|last4=Esteve|first4=D.|last5=Martinis|first5=J. M.|date=1988-02-26|title=Quantum mechanics of a macroscopic variable: the phase difference of a josephson junction|journal=Science|volume=239|issue=4843|pages=992–997|doi=10.1126/science.239.4843.992|issn=0036-8075|pmid=17815701|s2cid=1732678}}</ref> |
John M. Martinis received his B.S. in physics in 1980 and his Ph.D. in physics from the [[University of California, Berkeley]]. During his Ph.D., he investigated the quantum behaviour of a macroscopic variable, the phase difference across a [[Josephson effect|Josephson tunnel junction]].<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Clarke|first1=J.|last2=Cleland|first2=A. N.|last3=Devoret|first3=M. H.|last4=Esteve|first4=D.|last5=Martinis|first5=J. M.|date=1988-02-26|title=Quantum mechanics of a macroscopic variable: the phase difference of a josephson junction|journal=Science|volume=239|issue=4843|pages=992–997|doi=10.1126/science.239.4843.992|issn=0036-8075|pmid=17815701|s2cid=1732678}}</ref> |
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== Career == |
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He joined the Commissariat à l’Energie Atomique in Saclay, France, for a first postdoc and then the Electromagnetic Technology division at the [[National Institute of Standards and Technology]] (NIST) in Boulder, where he worked on superconducting quantum interference devices (SQUIDs) amplifiers.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Welty|first1=Richard P.|last2=Martinis|first2=John M.|date=March 1993|title=Two-stage integrated SQUID amplifier with series array output|url=https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/1993ITAS….3.2605W/abstract|journal=IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity|volume=3|pages=2605–2608|doi=10.1109/77.233523|s2cid=33500389|issn=1051-8223}}</ref> While at NIST he developed a technique of X-ray detection by using a superconducting transition-edge sensor microcalorimeter with electrothermal feedback.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Irwin|first1=K. D.|last2=Hilton|first2=G. C.|last3=Wollman|first3=D. A.|last4=Martinis|first4=John M.|date=1998-08-05|title=X‐ray detection using a superconducting transition‐edge sensor microcalorimeter with electrothermal feedback|journal=Applied Physics Letters|volume=69|issue=13|pages=1945|doi=10.1063/1.117630|issn=0003-6951}}</ref> |
He joined the Commissariat à l’Energie Atomique in Saclay, France, for a first postdoc and then the Electromagnetic Technology division at the [[National Institute of Standards and Technology]] (NIST) in Boulder, where he worked on superconducting quantum interference devices (SQUIDs) amplifiers.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Welty|first1=Richard P.|last2=Martinis|first2=John M.|date=March 1993|title=Two-stage integrated SQUID amplifier with series array output|url=https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/1993ITAS….3.2605W/abstract|journal=IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity|volume=3|pages=2605–2608|doi=10.1109/77.233523|s2cid=33500389|issn=1051-8223}}</ref> While at NIST he developed a technique of X-ray detection by using a superconducting transition-edge sensor microcalorimeter with electrothermal feedback.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Irwin|first1=K. D.|last2=Hilton|first2=G. C.|last3=Wollman|first3=D. A.|last4=Martinis|first4=John M.|date=1998-08-05|title=X‐ray detection using a superconducting transition‐edge sensor microcalorimeter with electrothermal feedback|journal=Applied Physics Letters|volume=69|issue=13|pages=1945|doi=10.1063/1.117630|issn=0003-6951}}</ref> |
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Latest revision as of 10:17, 7 October 2025
American physicist
John M. Martinis (born 1958) is an American physicist and a professor of physics at the University of California, Santa Barbara. In 2014, the Google Quantum A.I. Lab announced that it had hired Martinis and his team in a multimillion dollar deal to build a quantum computer using superconducting qubits.[4]
Martinis was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics in 2025 for the discovery of macroscopic quantum mechanical tunnelling and energy quantisation in an electric circuit.[5]
John M. Martinis received his B.S. in physics in 1980 and his Ph.D. in physics from the University of California, Berkeley. During his Ph.D., he investigated the quantum behaviour of a macroscopic variable, the phase difference across a Josephson tunnel junction.[6]
He joined the Commissariat à l’Energie Atomique in Saclay, France, for a first postdoc and then the Electromagnetic Technology division at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) in Boulder, where he worked on superconducting quantum interference devices (SQUIDs) amplifiers.[7] While at NIST he developed a technique of X-ray detection by using a superconducting transition-edge sensor microcalorimeter with electrothermal feedback.[8]
Since 2002 he has been working with Josephson-Junction qubits with the aim of building the first quantum computer.[9]
In 2004 he moved to the University of California Santa Barbara, where he held the Worster Chair in experimental physics until 2017. In 2014, Martinis and his team were hired by Google to build the first useful quantum computer.[10]
On October 23, 2019, Martinis and his team published a paper on Nature with title “Quantum supremacy using a programmable superconducting processor”,[11] where they presented how they achieved quantum supremacy (hereby disproving the extended Church–Turing thesis) for the first time using a 53-qubits quantum computer.[12] In April 2020 Martinis resigned from Google after being reassigned to an advisory role.[13][10]
On September 29, 2020, it was announced that Martinis had moved to Australia to join Silicon Quantum Computing, a start-up founded by Professor Michelle Simmons.[14]
In 2022 he co-founded the company Qolab based on the premise that “the semiconductor industry holds the key to creating a practical quantum computer by enabling the large-scale fabrication of high-quality qubits”. As of January 2025 he is the CTO of the company.[15]
In 2021, he received the John Stewart Bell Prize for Research on Fundamental Issues in Quantum Mechanics and Their Applications.[2]
In 2025, he received the Nobel Prize in Physics alongside John Clarke and Michel H. Devoret for the discovery of macroscopic quantum mechanical tunnelling and energy quantisation in an electric circuit.[16]
- ^ “Fritz London Memorial Prize”. phy.duke.edu. Retrieved 21 April 2020.
- ^ a b “John Stewart Bell Prize”. Retrieved 3 May 2021.
- ^ a b “Physics Tree – John M. Martinis”. academictree.org. Retrieved 21 April 2020.
- ^ Finley, Klint (2014-09-05). “The Man Who Will Build Google’s Elusive Quantum Computer”. Wired. ISSN 1059-1028. Retrieved 2019-11-02.
- ^ Nobel Prize (2025-09-15). Announcement of the 2025 Nobel Prize in Physics. Retrieved 2025-10-07 – via YouTube.
- ^ Clarke, J.; Cleland, A. N.; Devoret, M. H.; Esteve, D.; Martinis, J. M. (1988-02-26). “Quantum mechanics of a macroscopic variable: the phase difference of a josephson junction”. Science. 239 (4843): 992–997. doi:10.1126/science.239.4843.992. ISSN 0036-8075. PMID 17815701. S2CID 1732678.
- ^ Welty, Richard P.; Martinis, John M. (March 1993). “Two-stage integrated SQUID amplifier with series array output”. IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity. 3: 2605–2608. doi:10.1109/77.233523. ISSN 1051-8223. S2CID 33500389.
- ^ Irwin, K. D.; Hilton, G. C.; Wollman, D. A.; Martinis, John M. (1998-08-05). “X‐ray detection using a superconducting transition‐edge sensor microcalorimeter with electrothermal feedback”. Applied Physics Letters. 69 (13): 1945. doi:10.1063/1.117630. ISSN 0003-6951.
- ^ Frederic Lardinois (2014-09-02). “Google Partners With UCSB To Build Quantum Processors For Artificial Intelligence”. techcrunch.com. Retrieved 2025-01-18.
- ^ a b “Google’s Top Quantum Scientist Explains In Detail Why He Resigned”. forbes.com. 2020-04-30. Retrieved 2025-01-18.
- ^ Arute, Frank; Arya, Kunal; Babbush, Ryan; Bacon, Dave; Bardin, Joseph C.; Barends, Rami; Biswas, Rupak; Boixo, Sergio; Brandao, Fernando G. S. L.; Buell, David A.; Burkett, Brian (October 2019). “Quantum supremacy using a programmable superconducting processor”. Nature. 574 (7779): 505–510. arXiv:1910.11333. doi:10.1038/s41586-019-1666-5. ISSN 1476-4687. PMID 31645734.
- ^ “Shtetl-Optimized » Blog Archive » Quantum supremacy: the gloves are off”. 23 October 2019. Retrieved 2019-11-04.
- ^ “Google’s Head of Quantum Computing Hardware Resigns”. Wired. ISSN 1059-1028. Retrieved 2020-04-21.
- ^ “Ex-Google quantum chief joins Simmons’ silicon startup”. InnovationAus. 2020-09-29. Retrieved 2020-09-29.
- ^ “About us”. qolab.ai. Retrieved 2025-01-18.
- ^ “Nobel Prize in Physics 2025”. NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 2025-10-07.
