Jörg-Peter Ewert: Difference between revisions

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==Memberships==

==Memberships==

In 1968, Ewert was appointed a Fellow in the [[American Association for the Advancement of Science]] (AAAS) for his scientific achievements in research on amphibians in the field of [[neuroethology]].<ref>J.-P. Ewert (1967) Untersuchungen über die Anteile zentralnervöser Aktionen an der taxisspezifischen Ermüdung beim Beutefang der Erdkröte (Bufo bufo L.) Z. vergl. Physiol. 57, 263-298. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00303000</ref><ref>J.-P. Ewert (1968) Der Einfluss von Zwischenhirndefekten auf die Visuomotorik im Beute- und Fluchtverhalten der Erdkröte (Bufo bufo L.). Z. vergl. Physiol. 61, 41-70. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00339145</ref>The research data, which provide novel insights into the diencephalic inhibitory control mechanisms that govern mesencephalic functions in toad vision regarding [[feature detection (nervous system)]], [[attention]], and [[memory]],<ref>J.-P. Ewert (1970) Neural mechanisms of prey-catching and avoidance behavior in the toad (Bufo bufo L.). Brain, Behav. Evol. 3, 36-56. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/5535458/</ref>were discussed in the Conference on Subcortical Visual Systems held at the [[Massachusetts Institute of Technology]] (MIT), Cambridge, Mass. in 06-26–28-1969; cf. report in Science.<ref>Science Vol.168, Issue-No 3938, pp.1493-1494, Brain Mechanisms and Vision: Subcortical Systems. https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.168.3938.1493</ref>

In 1968, Ewert was appointed a Fellow in the [[American Association for the Advancement of Science]] (AAAS) for his scientific achievements in research on amphibians in the field of [[neuroethology]].<ref>J.-P. Ewert (1967) Untersuchungen über die Anteile zentralnervöser Aktionen an der taxisspezifischen Ermüdung beim Beutefang der Erdkröte (Bufo bufo L.) Z. vergl. Physiol. 57, 263-298. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00303000</ref><ref>J.-P. Ewert (1968) Der Einfluss von Zwischenhirndefekten auf die Visuomotorik im Beute- und Fluchtverhalten der Erdkröte (Bufo bufo L.). Z. vergl. Physiol. 61, 41-70. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00339145</ref>The research data, which provide novel insights into the diencephalic inhibitory control mechanisms that govern mesencephalic functions in vision regarding [[feature detection (nervous system)]], [[attention]], and [[memory]],<ref>J.-P. Ewert (1970) Neural mechanisms of prey-catching and avoidance behavior in the toad (Bufo bufo L.). Brain, Behav. Evol. 3, 36-56. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/5535458/</ref>were discussed in the Conference on Subcortical Visual Systems held at the [[Massachusetts Institute of Technology]] (MIT), Cambridge, Mass. in 06-26–28-1969; cf. report in Science.<ref>Science Vol.168, Issue-No 3938, pp.1493-1494, Brain Mechanisms and Vision: Subcortical Systems. https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.168.3938.1493</ref>

In 1993 he was nominated for the Max-Planck-Award. In 2025, he was awarded lifetime membership to the [[Association for the Study of Animal Behaviour]] (ASAB) in recognition of his contributions to the field of neuroethology, specifically the 1983 [[Tinbergen Lecture]].<ref>Ewert, J.-P. (1985). “Concepts in vertebrate neuroethology. The Tinbergen Lecture 1983”. In: Animal Behaviour. ”’33”’: 1–29.https://doi.org/10.1016/S0003-3472(85)80116-0</ref>

In 1993 he was nominated for the Max-Planck-Award. In 2025, he was awarded lifetime membership to the [[Association for the Study of Animal Behaviour]] (ASAB) in recognition of his contributions to the field of neuroethology, specifically the 1983 [[Tinbergen Lecture]].<ref>Ewert, J.-P. (1985). “Concepts in vertebrate neuroethology. The Tinbergen Lecture 1983”. In: Animal Behaviour. ”’33”’: 1–29.https://doi.org/10.1016/S0003-3472(85)80116-0</ref>

German neurophysiologist and researcher

Jörg-Peter Ewert, 2022

Jörg-Peter Ewert (born 1938) is a German neurophysiologist and researcher in the field of Neuroethology. From 1973 to 2006, he served as a university professor (Chair of Zoology/Physiology) in the Faculty of Natural Sciences at the University of Kassel, Germany.

From 1958 to 1965 Jörg-Peter Ewert studied the specialties biology, chemistry, and geography at the University of Göttingen. He graduated in 1965 and took up the specialty of zoology under the direction of the behavior physiologist Georg Birukow. The subject of Ewert’s PhD (Dr.rer.nat.) dissertation was: “The influence of peripheral sensory and central nervous system responses on the readiness of the orienting movement in the common toad”. Later he passed the state examination for the lecturing at secondary schools.

After 1966, he was a scientific assistant at the zoological institute of the Darmstadt University of Technology at Darmstadt. First he worked under the developmental physiologist Wolfgang Luther and continued under the sense physiologist Hubert Markl. In 1968 he received an invitation from the neurophysiologist Otto-Joachim Grüsser offering him a research visit for neuron recordings at the physiological institute of the Free University of Berlin. He used the methodological knowledge acquired to begin recording neurons from the visual system of the common toad.

In 1969 he obtained his Habilitation degree, the Venia Legendi for Zoology (focus on Physiology), at the Darmstadt University of Technology.

During a research project 1970–71, he worked as a Fellow of the Foundations’ Fund for Research in Psychiatry with the neuropsychologist David J. Ingle at the McLean Hospital (Harvard Medical School) in Belmont, MA, USA.

From 1971 to 1972 he worked as a university professor at the zoological institute of the Darmstadt University of Technology.

In 1973, Ewert became the chair of Zoology/Physiology at the Faculty of Natural Sciences at the University of Kassel. There he formed a Neuroethology team for research. During the foundation phase of the university, he was authoritatively involved in the construction of the students’ science curricula in the biology program.

In 1983 he was offered the chair of Zoology/Physiology at the University of Vienna. However, accepting the offer of the Minister for Culture of Hesse he opted to remain at the University of Kassel and worked there until his retirement in 2006.

From 2000 to 2004, Ewert led an expert group of the Council of Europe as a representative of the European Science Foundation (ESF). The task of the Group of Experts on Amphibians and Reptiles was the revision of Appendix A to the European Convention for the Protection of Vertebrate Animals used for Experimental and other Scientific Purposes (CETS 123).

In 1968, Ewert was appointed a Fellow in the American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS) for his scientific achievements in research on amphibians in the field of neuroethology.[1][2]The research data, which provide novel insights into the diencephalic inhibitory control mechanisms that govern mesencephalic functions in vision in toads regarding feature detection (nervous system), attention, and memory,[3]were discussed in the Conference on Subcortical Visual Systems held at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Mass. in 06-26–28-1969; cf. report in Science.[4]

In 1993 he was nominated for the Max-Planck-Award. In 2025, he was awarded lifetime membership to the Association for the Study of Animal Behaviour (ASAB) in recognition of his contributions to the field of neuroethology, specifically the 1983 Tinbergen Lecture.[5]

In August 1981, Ewert, as director of the NATO Advanced Study Institute (NATO ASI), organized the International Conference of Advances in Vertebrate Neuroethology at the University of Kassel (Venue: Schlösschen Schönburg, Hofgeismar; see also conference proceedings: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-4412-4). On the occasion of this conference, the International Society for Neuroethology (ISN) was founded. Ewert was a member of the ISN Steering Committee.[6]

Research in Neurobiology

[edit]

Jörg-Peter Ewert is one of the pioneers of Neuroethology.[7] Since 1963, he has studied the neurophysiological bases of visually controlled behavior in amphibians (Homepage), with particular emphasis on researching the common toad.[8][9]His focus is on investigating neural correlates of classical ethological concepts such as “key stimulus” and “releasing mechanism”.[10][11]

Ewert proposed a revised concept of a case-related key stimulus. The “key” does not refer to a specific stimulus feature, but to a neural algorithm that reveals the prey category by weighting critical prey feature components in comparison with non-prey cues.[12][13][14] With his staff, he analyzed (i) neuronal circuits that translate visual sign stimuli into behavioral responses and (ii) neural loops that modulate – e.g., modify/specify – the translation.[15][16]

Ewert’s research in toad vision belongs to the pilot case studies in neuroethology. A research objective is the implementation of neural principles derived from toads’ brains into artificial neural networks. The modeling of central nervous processes was carried out in collaboration with Werner von Seelen (Germany), Helge Ritter (Germany), Francisco Cervantes-Pérez (Mexico), Michael A. Arbib (USA), and Ann Reddipogu (UK).

In 1991, Ewert was appointed to an interdisciplinary priority program of the Federal Ministry of Research and Technology (BMFT) entitled Sensory-Motor Coordination of Robot-Assisted Movements with Neural Networks (SEKON), which was supported by the German Aerospace Research and Technology Center (DLR). An experimental platform for a collaborative project involving experts from the fields of neuroethology, neuroinformatics, and neuroengineering/robotics [17] was the subject of a scientific film that Ewert co-produced with the Institute for Scientific Film (IWF, Knowledge and Media gGmbH): Image Processing in the Visual System of the Common Toad: Behavior, Brain Function, Artificial Neuronal Net. [Video: https://av.tib.eu/media/15148.] Honored by the International Association for Media in Science, IAMS, 1994.

  1. ^ J.-P. Ewert (1967) Untersuchungen über die Anteile zentralnervöser Aktionen an der taxisspezifischen Ermüdung beim Beutefang der Erdkröte (Bufo bufo L.) Z. vergl. Physiol. 57, 263-298. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00303000
  2. ^ J.-P. Ewert (1968) Der Einfluss von Zwischenhirndefekten auf die Visuomotorik im Beute- und Fluchtverhalten der Erdkröte (Bufo bufo L.). Z. vergl. Physiol. 61, 41-70. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00339145
  3. ^ J.-P. Ewert (1970) Neural mechanisms of prey-catching and avoidance behavior in the toad (Bufo bufo L.). Brain, Behav. Evol. 3, 36-56. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/5535458/
  4. ^ Science Vol.168, Issue-No 3938, pp.1493-1494, Brain Mechanisms and Vision: Subcortical Systems. https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.168.3938.1493
  5. ^ Ewert, J.-P. (1985). “Concepts in vertebrate neuroethology. The Tinbergen Lecture 1983”. In: Animal Behaviour. 33: 1–29.https://doi.org/10.1016/S0003-3472(85)80116-0
  6. ^ Ewert, J.-P. (1982). “Advances in vertebrate neuroethology”. Trends in Neurosciences. 5: 141–143. doi:10.1016/0166-2236(82)90084-4.
  7. ^ Ewert J.-P. (1976) Neuro-Ethologie: Einführung in die neurophysiologischen Grundlagen des Verhaltens. Heidelberger Taschenbücher, Springer, Heidelberg, ISBN 3-540-07773-1. Ewert J.-P. (1980) Neuroethology. (Springer, Berlin, ISBN 3-540-09790-2); 1983 Japanese Edn. (Baifukan, Tokyo); 1986 Chinese Edn. (Beijing Scientific Press, Beijing)
  8. ^ Ewert J.-P. (1974) The neural basis of visually guided behavior. Sci. Amer. 230(3), 34-42
  9. ^ J.-P. Ewert (1984) Tectal mechanisms that underlie prey-catching and avoidance behavior in toads, Chapter 11 In: H. Vanegas (ed.) Comparative Neurology of the Optic Tectum. Plenum, pp.247-416
  10. ^ “Research – Neurobiologie an der Uni Kassel”. joerg-peter-ewert.de. Retrieved 2024-01-19.
  11. ^ Burghagen H., Ewert J.-P. (2022) Stimulus perception. In: Bolhuis J.J., Giraldeau L.-A., J.A.Hogan (eds.) The Behavior of Animals: Mechanisms, Function, and Evolution. 2nd Edn. John Wileys & Sons, Inc, pp.12-47. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781119109556.ch2
  12. ^ Wachowitz S., Ewert, J.-P. (1996) A key by which the toad’s visual system gets access to the domain of prey. Physiol. Behav. 60(3), 877-887 [1]
  13. ^ Ewert J.-P. (1997) Neural correlates of key stimulus and releasing mechanism. Trends Neurosci. 20(8), 332-339
  14. ^ Ewert J.-P. (2004) Motion perception shapes the visual world of amphibians. In: Prete F.R. (ed.) Complex Worlds from Simpler Nervous Systems. MIT Press, Cambridge MA, pp.117-160
  15. ^ Ewert J.-P., Schwippert W.W. (2006) Modulation of visual perception and action by forebrain structures and their interactions in amphibians. In: Levin E.D. (ed.) Neurotransmitter Interactions and Cognitive Function. Birkhäuser, Basel, pp.99-136
  16. ^ Ewert J.-P., Dinges A.W., Finkenstädt T. (1994) Species-universal stimulus responses, modified through conditioning, reappear after telencephalic lesions in toads. Naturwissenschaften 81, 317-320
  17. ^ S. Fingerling, J.-P. Ewert, R. Menzel, F. Pfeiffer: From the toad to a robot – implementation of neurobiological principles of object discrimination in neural engineering. In: Naturwissenschaften, Band 80, 1993, S. 321–324
  • Zupanc, Günther K.H. (2004). Behavioral Neurobiology: An Integrative Approach. Oxford University Press. New York.
  • Carew, Thomas, J. (2000). Behavioral Neurobiology: The Cellular Organization of Natural Behavior. Sinauer, Sunderland Mass.

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