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* {{cite journal |last=Chakrabarti |first=S.B. |title=Economic transmutations in a food gathering ecology – a note on the Kadar of Kerala |journal=Journal of the Indian Anthropological Society |volume=14 |issue=l |date=Mar 1979 |pp=33-40}} |
* {{cite journal |last=Chakrabarti |first=S.B. |title=Economic transmutations in a food gathering ecology – a note on the Kadar of Kerala |journal=Journal of the Indian Anthropological Society |volume=14 |issue=l |date=Mar 1979 |pp=33-40}} |
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* {{Cite book |last=Thundy |first=Zacharias P. |author-link=:de:Zacharias P. Thundy |title=South Indian Folktales of Kadar |publisher=Archana Publications |date=1983}} |
* {{Cite book |last=Thundy |first=Zacharias P. |author-link=:de:Zacharias P. Thundy |title=South Indian Folktales of Kadar |publisher=Archana Publications |date=1983}} |
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* {{cite journal |last=Chakrabarti |first=S. B. |date=1987 |title=Family, Marriage and Kinship System in a Food Gathering Community: A Note on the Kadar of Kerala |journal=Human Science |volume=36 |pp=175-185}} |
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* {{cite thesis |title=Socio Cultural Identity of Tribes Kadar Community in Athirapally |last=Sindhu |first=K. K. |publisher=University of Kerala |date=2023 |hdl=10603/571364 |url=https://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/handle/10603/571364}} |
* {{cite thesis |title=Socio Cultural Identity of Tribes Kadar Community in Athirapally |last=Sindhu |first=K. K. |publisher=University of Kerala |date=2023 |hdl=10603/571364 |url=https://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/handle/10603/571364}} |
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Latest revision as of 01:57, 7 December 2025
Ethnic group
The Kadar are a tribal community or indigenous community in India, a designated Scheduled Tribe in the states of Tamil Nadu, Karnataka,[3] and Kerala.[2] They are an aboriginal tribe whose traditional way of life has been based on hunting and gathering.
Their name likely derives from the South Dravidian word kaadu meaning ‘forest’,[4] and is likely an exonym.[5][6]
They used to stay in the Annamalai Hills in the Western Ghats, but moved to other locations over the years.[7][8]
They specialized in collecting honey, wax, sago, arrowroot, cardamom, ginger, and umbrella sticks for trade with merchants from the plains.[9] The people of the Paraiyar community claim that the Kadars are part of Paraiyar who live and take care of forest and forest lives.[10][11]
In the early twentieth century, the Kadars used to work with forest officials to take care of forest and guide royal hunting parties in the princely state of Cochin.[7] Currently, many of the tribe members have moved to areas closer to the plains and urban areas. In addition to their traditional occupations, they work as agricultural laborers, basket makers and map weavers. They face many issues such as lack of infrastructure and educational opportunities. They do not interact with other communities as outsiders are prohibited from entering the forests they live in, in order to protect the wildlife.[12] However, in recent decades, many Kadar tribe members have joined mainstream educational institutions and work places and married outside the tribe.[8] Their language Kadar is critically endangered and at risk of disappearing forever due to speakers shifting to regional languages such as Tamil.[13] The Kadars practice Animism and Hinduism.
Geetha Vazhachal, from the Kadar community settled in Vazhacal, Thrissur, is a well-known and award-winning activist who works for the rights of the community.[14]
- ^ The culture of India. New York, NY: Britannica Educational Pub. in association with Rosen Educational Services. 2011. p. 29.
The Kadar population was estimated at approximately 2,000 individuals in the early 21st century
- ^ a b c “Kadar”. Ethnologue. 2016-02-20. Retrieved 2019-10-30.
- ^ “KIRTADS | Tribals in Kerala”. Kirtads.kerala.gov.in. Retrieved 2019-10-30.[permanent dead link]
- ^ Majumdar, Dhirendra Nath (1951) [1944]. Races & Cultures of India (second ed.). Universal Publishers. p. 91.
Kadar means forest-dweller.
- ^ Ehrenfels, U. R. (1952). Kadar of Cochin. Anthropological series. Vol. 1. Madras: University of Madras. p. 3n8.
- ^ Mathur, P.R.G. (1996). “Kadar”. The Encyclopaedia of Dravidian Tribes. Vol. 2. International School of Dravidian Linguistics. p. 76. ISBN 9788185692166.
The word, kādan, in Malayalam, means the dweller in a forest (plural – kādar). The tribe obviously got the name because of their exclusively forest habitat.
- ^ a b Thurston, Edgar (1909). Castes and Tribes of Southern India, Vol 3. Madras: Government Press. pp. 6–29.
- ^ a b “Kadar Education at Vazhachal”. The Kerala Museum. Retrieved 2024-06-03.
- ^ The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica (15 September 2014). “Kadar”. Britannica. Retrieved 25 May 2023.
- ^ “Data” (PDF). egyankosh.ac.in. Retrieved 2019-10-30.
- ^ totem (2014-12-18). “Tribal Communities of Kerala | totem”. Totemngo.wordpress.com. Retrieved 2019-10-30.
- ^ “Kadan in India”.
- ^ “Kadar language of India”.
- ^ Binoy, Anna (2018-06-05). “Recounting the tales of displacement, injustice and marginalisation”. The New Indian Express. Retrieved 2025-09-14.
- Bibliography
- Ehrenfels, U. R. (1952). Kadar of Cochin. Anthropological series. Vol. 1. Madras: University of Madras.
- Mathur, P.R.G. (1996). “Kadar”. The Encyclopaedia of Dravidian Tribes. Vol. 2. International School of Dravidian Linguistics. pp. 76–86. ISBN 9788185692166.
- v. Ehrenfels, U. R. (1950). “A Kadan Creation-Myth”. Anthropos. 45 (1/3): 165–76. JSTOR 40450835.. Accessed 6 Dec. 2025.
- Hermanns, M. (1955). “161. Contributions to the Study of Kadan Religion”. Man. 55: 145–51. doi:10.2307/2793482. Accessed 6 Dec. 2025.
- Ehrenfels, U. R. (1956). “75. Kadan Religion”. Man. 56: 75–76. JSTOR 2794342. Accessed 6 Dec. 2025.
- Sarkar, Sasanka Sekher (1960). A Physical Survey of the Kadar of Kerala. Department of Anthropology, Government of India.
- SAHA, N.; KIRK, R.L.; SHANBAG, S.; JOSHI, S.R.; BHATIA, H.M. (1974). “Genetic studies among the Kadar of Kerala”. Human Heredity. 24: 198–218.
- Chakrabarti, S.B. (Mar 1979). “Economic transmutations in a food gathering ecology – a note on the Kadar of Kerala”. Journal of the Indian Anthropological Society. 14 (l): 33–40.
- Thundy, Zacharias P. [in German] (1983). South Indian Folktales of Kadar. Archana Publications.
- Chakrabarti, S. B. (1987). “Family, Marriage and Kinship System in a Food Gathering Community: A Note on the Kadar of Kerala”. Human Science. 36: 175–185.
- Sindhu, K. K. (2023). Socio Cultural Identity of Tribes Kadar Community in Athirapally (Thesis). University of Kerala. hdl:10603/571364.
