From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Content deleted Content added
| Line 11: | Line 11: | ||
|
The full name of the book presents the author’s aim to describe the history of Kyiv from the times of “[[Vladimir the Great|autocrat Vladimir]]” to the era of [[tsar]] [[Alexis of Russia]], who is declared to be Vladimir’s heir.<ref name=yak/> The book began with the history of the origins and lifestyle of the [[Slavic people|Slavs]] and ended with the mid-17th century in the first edition. The second and third editions (1678 and 1680) end with the [[Russo-Turkish War (1676–1681)|Chyhyryn Campaigns]] of 1677-1678. ”Synopsis” covers the history of [[Kievan Rus’]], the [[Mongol invasion of Kievan Rus’]], and the struggles against the [[Crimean Khanate|Crimean Tatars]], [[Ottoman Turkey]], and [[Kingdom of Poland|Poland]]. |
The full name of the book presents the author’s aim to describe the history of Kyiv from the times of “[[Vladimir the Great|autocrat Vladimir]]” to the era of [[tsar]] [[Alexis of Russia]], who is declared to be Vladimir’s heir.<ref name=yak/> The book began with the history of the origins and lifestyle of the [[Slavic people|Slavs]] and ended with the mid-17th century in the first edition. The second and third editions (1678 and 1680) end with the [[Russo-Turkish War (1676–1681)|Chyhyryn Campaigns]] of 1677-1678. ”Synopsis” covers the history of [[Kievan Rus’]], the [[Mongol invasion of Kievan Rus’]], and the struggles against the [[Crimean Khanate|Crimean Tatars]], [[Ottoman Turkey]], and [[Kingdom of Poland|Poland]]. |
||
|
The author of the ”Synopsis” asserted that the Russian [[tsar]]s were the legal successors of the [[Grand Prince of Kiev|Grand Princes of Kiev]]. ”Synopsis” is notable since it ignores the tradition to depict [[Galicia-Volhynia|Halych]] as an heir of Kyiv, which had been common in Ukrainian lands during the preceding era. Instead it depicts Moscow as the main centre of resistance against [[Golden Horde|Tatar rule]] and supports the idea of [[Moscow Patriarchate]] providing the tsardom’s ligitimacy as “[[Third Rome]]”. The [[The Ruin|wars fought over Kyiv]] during the second half of the 17th century are shown by the author as attempts to return the city under the rule of the tsar, who is claimed to be its legitimate sovereign as the successor of [[Grand Prince of Kiev|Kyivan princes]]. In this context the whole territory of “[[ |
The author of the ”Synopsis” asserted that the Russian [[tsar]]s were the legal successors of the [[Grand Prince of Kiev|Grand Princes of Kiev]]. ”Synopsis” is notable since it ignores the tradition to depict [[Galicia-Volhynia|Halych]] as an heir of Kyiv, which had been common in Ukrainian lands during the preceding era. Instead it depicts Moscow as the main centre of resistance against [[Golden Horde|Tatar rule]] and supports the idea of [[Moscow Patriarchate]] providing the tsardom’s ligitimacy as “[[Third Rome]]”. The [[The Ruin|wars fought over Kyiv]] during the second half of the 17th century are shown by the author as attempts to return the city under the rule of the tsar, who is claimed to be its legitimate sovereign as the successor of [[Grand Prince of Kiev|Kyivan princes]]. In this context the whole territory of “[[ (region)|Great]]”, “[[Little Russia|Little]]” and [[White Ruthenia|White Rus]]” is defined as the indivisible dynastic heritage of Moscow’s rulers. The “Russian peoples” ([[Ukrainians]] and [[Russians]]) are claimed by the author to form a single [[political nation|political body]]. The work omits all mention of [[Bohdan Khmelnytsky]] and members of [[Cossack starshyna]] in this process of “reunification”.<ref name=yak1>{{Cite book|title=An Outline History of Medieval and Early Modern Ukraine|author=[[Natalia Yakovenko|Natalya Yakowenko]]|date=2006|publisher=[[Krytyka]]|page=437|isbn=9667679829}}</ref> The purpose of the work is to “achieve a precarious balance between glorifying the Muscovite tsar on the one hand and defending Kiev’s own claims to power on the other.”<ref name=”:0″>{{Cite web|last=Rikoun|first=Polina|date=n.d.|title=Narrating the Center: Kiev and Moscow in 16th-century Historiography|url=https://www.aatseel.org/100111/pdf/5a7_2_rikoun.pdf|access-date=2022-01-26|website=American Association of Teachers of Slavic and East European Languages}}</ref> The appendix of the ”Synopsis” contains lists of Russian princes, [[Poland|Polish]] [[Voivode]]s in [[Ukraine]], [[Cossack]] [[hetman]]s, and Kievan [[metropolitan bishop|metropolitan]]s. |
||
|
==Legacy== |
==Legacy== |
||
Revision as of 17:25, 30 January 2026
The Synopsis, or a Short Collection, also known as the Kievan Synopsis or Kyivan Synopsis (Cинопсис, или Краткое собрание от различных летописцев о начале славянороссійского народа и первоначалных князех Богоспасаемого града Кіева[1]) is a Moscow-centric work of history, first published in Kiev (Kyiv) in 1674. Written in a language close to Church Slavonic,[1] it interprets history through a Christian conception of time focused on the narratives of creation, fall, and redemption.[2] It also had a political purpose to justify the Treaty of Pereyaslav, which annexed the Cossack Hetmanate to the Tsardom of Russia, while also claiming a central role for the city of Kiev.
Authorship
Innokentiy Gizel is generally considered to be the author of the Synopsis, although this view is contested, and other possible authors, such as Kyiv Pechersk Lavra typograph Ioan Armashenko or the monastery’s Petro Kokhanovsky are proposed by some historians.[1]
Content
The full name of the book presents the author’s aim to describe the history of Kyiv from the times of “autocrat Vladimir” to the era of tsar Alexis of Russia, who is declared to be Vladimir’s heir.[1] The book began with the history of the origins and lifestyle of the Slavs and ended with the mid-17th century in the first edition. The second and third editions (1678 and 1680) end with the Chyhyryn Campaigns of 1677-1678. Synopsis covers the history of Kievan Rus’, the Mongol invasion of Kievan Rus’, and the struggles against the Crimean Tatars, Ottoman Turkey, and Poland.
The author of the Synopsis asserted that the Russian tsars were the legal successors of the Grand Princes of Kiev. Synopsis is notable since it ignores the tradition to depict Halych as an heir of Kyiv, which had been common in Ukrainian lands during the preceding era. Instead it depicts Moscow as the main centre of resistance against Tatar rule and supports the idea of Moscow Patriarchate providing the tsardom’s ligitimacy as “Third Rome“. The wars fought over Kyiv during the second half of the 17th century are shown by the author as attempts to return the city under the rule of the tsar, who is claimed to be its legitimate sovereign as the successor of Kyivan princes. In this context the whole territory of “Great“, “Little” and White Rus” is defined as the indivisible dynastic heritage of Moscow’s rulers. The “Russian peoples” (Ukrainians and Russians) are claimed by the author to form a single political body. The work omits all mention of Bohdan Khmelnytsky and members of Cossack starshyna in this process of “reunification”.[3] The purpose of the work is to “achieve a precarious balance between glorifying the Muscovite tsar on the one hand and defending Kiev’s own claims to power on the other.”[2] The appendix of the Synopsis contains lists of Russian princes, Polish Voivodes in Ukraine, Cossack hetmans, and Kievan metropolitans.
Legacy
Synopsis was greatly popularized at the Kyiv Mohyla Academy and contributed to the emrgence of several poetic and artistic works.[3] Historian Serhii Plokhy called the Synopsis “the first “textbook” of “Russian history”.[4] It quickly became the most popular and widely used textbook in Ukraine and Muscovy. Survived in some thirty editions until the late 18th century.[1]
