Myliobatiformes: Difference between revisions – Wikipedia

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”’Myliobatiformes”’ ({{IPAc-en|m|I|l|i|’|Q|b|@|t|ᵻ|f|ɔr|m|iː|z}}), commonly known as ”’stingrays”’, are one of the four [[order (biology)|orders]] of [[Batoidea|batoids]], [[cartilaginous fish]]es related to sharks.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Froese|first1=R.|last2=Pauly|first2=D.|title=Myliobatiformes|url=http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=196069|website=WoRMS|access-date=4 May 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Order Summary for Myliobatiformes|url=http://www.fishbase.org/summary/OrdersSummary.php?order=Myliobatiformes|website=FishBase|access-date=4 May 2018}}</ref> They are members of the subclass [[Elasmobranchii|elasmobranchs]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=ITIS – Report: Myliobatiformes |url=https://www.itis.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt?search_topic=TSN&search_value=649685#null |access-date=2025-03-28 |website=www.itis.gov}}</ref> They were formerly included in the order [[Rajiformes]], but more recent [[phylogenetic]] studies have shown the myliobatiformes to be a [[monophyletic group]], and its more [[Synapomorphy|derived]] members evolved their highly flattened shapes independently of the [[Skate (fish)|skate]]s.<ref name=”nelson”>{{cite book |title=Fishes of the World |author=Nelson, J.S. |edition=fourth |publisher=John Wiley |year=2006 |isbn=0-471-25031-7 |pages=69–82}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last1=Martin|first1=R. Aidan|title=Myliobatiformes: Stingrays|url=http://www.elasmo-research.org/education/shark_profiles/myliobatiformes.htm|website=ReefQuest Centre for Shark Research|access-date=4 May 2018}}</ref>

”’Myliobatiformes”’ ({{IPAc-en|m|I|l|i|’|Q|b|@|t|ᵻ|f|ɔr|m|iː|z}}), commonly known as ”’stingrays”’, are one of the four [[order (biology)|orders]] of [[Batoidea|batoids]], [[cartilaginous fish]]es related to sharks.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Froese|first1=R.|last2=Pauly|first2=D.|title=Myliobatiformes|url=http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=196069|website=WoRMS|access-date=4 May 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Order Summary for Myliobatiformes|url=http://www.fishbase.org/summary/OrdersSummary.php?order=Myliobatiformes|website=FishBase|access-date=4 May 2018}}</ref> They are members of the subclass [[Elasmobranchii|elasmobranchs]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=ITIS – Report: Myliobatiformes |url=https://www.itis.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt?search_topic=TSN&search_value=649685#null |access-date=2025-03-28 |website=www.itis.gov}}</ref> They were formerly included in the order [[Rajiformes]], but more recent [[phylogenetic]] studies have shown the to be a [[monophyletic group]], and its more [[Synapomorphy|derived]] members evolved their highly flattened shapes independently of the [[Skate (fish)|skate]]s.<ref name=”nelson”>{{cite book |title=Fishes of the World |author=Nelson, J.S. |edition=fourth |publisher=John Wiley |year=2006 |isbn=0-471-25031-7 |pages=69–82}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last1=Martin|first1=R. Aidan|title=Myliobatiformes: Stingrays|url=http://www.elasmo-research.org/education/shark_profiles/myliobatiformes.htm|website=ReefQuest Centre for Shark Research|access-date=4 May 2018}}</ref>

== Characteristics ==

== Characteristics ==

Myliobatiformes share physical characteristics of a long, thin tail with serrated spines<ref>{{Cite book |last=Stepanek |first=Rica |title=A review of the evolution of potamotrygonid freshwater stingrays (Chondrichthyes, Myliobatiformes) |publisher=Unknown Publisher |year=2011}}</ref> and a pancake-like body.<ref name=”:0″>{{Cite web |title=Stingrays: Species |url=https://www.subdiversion.es/en/species/vertebrates/elasmobranchs/stingrays/#:~:text=Among%20the%20differences%20we%20find,usually%20relatively%20thin%20and%20elongated. |access-date=2025-03-28 |language=en-US}}</ref> They share many characteristics with the batoid order [[Rajiformes]], in which they were previously included.<ref name=”:0″ /> The key difference of the orders is the Myliobatiformes’ single-lobed pelvic fin, lack of a mid-tail spine, and general lack of a dorsal fin.<ref name=”:0″ /> Myliobatiformes also possess stinging spines along the tail’s base, and generally possess large pectoral fins that are completely fused (except [[Eagle ray|Myliobatidae]]) to the head.<ref>{{Citation |last1=Ebert |first1=David A. |title=Chapter Two – Biodiversity, Life History, and Conservation of Northeastern Pacific Chondrichthyans |date=2017-01-01 |journal=Advances in Marine Biology |volume=77 |pages=9–78 |editor-last=Larson |editor-first=Shawn E. |url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0065288117300068 |access-date=2025-03-28 |series=Northeast Pacific Shark Biology, Research and Conservation Part A |publisher=Academic Press |last2=Bigman |first2=Jennifer S. |last3=Lawson |first3=Julia M. |doi=10.1016/bs.amb.2017.07.001 |pmid=28882216 |editor2-last=Lowry |editor2-first=Dayv|url-access=subscription }}</ref> They can camouflage from predators by using their flat, disk-shaped bodies to lie against the seafloor.<ref name=”:0″ />

Myliobatiformes share physical characteristics of a long, thin tail with serrated spines<ref>{{Cite book |last=Stepanek |first=Rica |title=A review of the evolution of potamotrygonid freshwater stingrays (Chondrichthyes, Myliobatiformes) |publisher=Unknown Publisher |year=2011}}</ref> and a pancake-like body.<ref name=”:0″>{{Cite web |title=Stingrays: Species |url=https://www.subdiversion.es/en/species/vertebrates/elasmobranchs/stingrays/#:~:text=Among%20the%20differences%20we%20find,usually%20relatively%20thin%20and%20elongated. |access-date=2025-03-28 |language=en-US}}</ref> They share many characteristics with the batoid order [[Rajiformes]], in which they were previously included.<ref name=”:0″ /> The key difference of the orders is the Myliobatiformes’ single-lobed pelvic fin, lack of a mid-tail spine, and general lack of a dorsal fin.<ref name=”:0″ /> Myliobatiformes also possess stinging spines along the tail’s base, and generally possess large pectoral fins that are completely fused (except [[Eagle ray|Myliobatidae]]) to the head.<ref>{{Citation |last1=Ebert |first1=David A. |title=Chapter Two – Biodiversity, Life History, and Conservation of Northeastern Pacific Chondrichthyans |date=2017-01-01 |journal=Advances in Marine Biology |volume=77 |pages=9–78 |editor-last=Larson |editor-first=Shawn E. |url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0065288117300068 |access-date=2025-03-28 |series=Northeast Pacific Shark Biology, Research and Conservation Part A |publisher=Academic Press |last2=Bigman |first2=Jennifer S. |last3=Lawson |first3=Julia M. |doi=10.1016/bs.amb.2017.07.001 |pmid=28882216 |editor2-last=Lowry |editor2-first=Dayv|url-access=subscription }}</ref> They can camouflage from predators using their flat, disk-shaped bodies to lie against the seafloor.<ref name=”:0″ />

==Classification==

==Classification==

Latest revision as of 01:18, 27 October 2025

Order of cartilaginous fishes

Myliobatiformes (), commonly known as stingrays, are one of the four orders of batoids, cartilaginous fishes related to sharks.[2][3] They are members of the subclass elasmobranchs.[4] They were formerly included in the order Rajiformes, but more recent phylogenetic studies have shown the Myliobatiformes to be a monophyletic group, and its more derived members evolved their highly flattened shapes independently of the skates.[5][6]

Myliobatiformes share physical characteristics of a long, thin tail with serrated spines[7] and a pancake-like body.[8] They share many characteristics with the batoid order Rajiformes, in which they were previously included.[8] The key difference of the orders is the Myliobatiformes’ single-lobed pelvic fin, lack of a mid-tail spine, and general lack of a dorsal fin.[8] Myliobatiformes also possess stinging spines along the tail’s base, and generally possess large pectoral fins that are completely fused (except Myliobatidae) to the head.[9] They can camouflage themselves from predators using their flat, disk-shaped bodies to lie against the seafloor.[8]

Camouflaged porcupine ray

Myliobatiformes is classified as follows in Eschmeyer’s Catalog of Fishes:[10]

Suborder Myliobatoidei Compagno, 1973

The family Aetobatidae is recognised by some authorities. It contains the genus Aetobatus, which is otherwise part of Myliobatidae.[11]

The families Myliobatidae and †Rhombodontidae are sometimes grouped in their own superfamily, Myliobatoidea.[12]

  1. ^ Marmi, Josep; Vila #, Bernat; Oms, Oriol; Galobart, Àngel; Cappetta, Henri (2010-05-18). “Oldest records of stingray spines (Chondrichthyes, Myliobatiformes)”. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 30 (3): 970–974. Bibcode:2010JVPal..30..970M. doi:10.1080/02724631003758011. ISSN 0272-4634.
  2. ^ Froese, R.; Pauly, D. “Myliobatiformes”. WoRMS. Retrieved 4 May 2018.
  3. ^ “Order Summary for Myliobatiformes”. FishBase. Retrieved 4 May 2018.
  4. ^ “ITIS – Report: Myliobatiformes”. www.itis.gov. Retrieved 2025-03-28.
  5. ^ Nelson, J.S. (2006). Fishes of the World (fourth ed.). John Wiley. pp. 69–82. ISBN 0-471-25031-7.
  6. ^ Martin, R. Aidan. “Myliobatiformes: Stingrays”. ReefQuest Centre for Shark Research. Retrieved 4 May 2018.
  7. ^ Stepanek, Rica (2011). A review of the evolution of potamotrygonid freshwater stingrays (Chondrichthyes, Myliobatiformes). Unknown Publisher.
  8. ^ a b c d “Stingrays: Species”. Retrieved 2025-03-28.
  9. ^ Ebert, David A.; Bigman, Jennifer S.; Lawson, Julia M. (2017-01-01), Larson, Shawn E.; Lowry, Dayv (eds.), “Chapter Two – Biodiversity, Life History, and Conservation of Northeastern Pacific Chondrichthyans”, Advances in Marine Biology, Northeast Pacific Shark Biology, Research and Conservation Part A, 77, Academic Press: 9–78, doi:10.1016/bs.amb.2017.07.001, PMID 28882216, retrieved 2025-03-28
  10. ^ “Eschmeyer’s Catalog of Fishes Classification”. Eschmeyer’s Catalog of Fishes. California Academy of Sciences. Retrieved 28 October 2024.
  11. ^ White, William T.; Naylor, Gavin J.P. (2016). “Resurrection of the family Aetobatidae (Myliobatiformes) for the pelagic eagle rays, genus Aetobatus”. Zootaxa. 4139 (3): 435–438. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.4139.3.10. ISSN 1175-5334. PMID 27470816.
  12. ^ Hoganson, John; Erickson, J. Mark; Holland, F. D. (2019). “Chondrichthyan and osteichthyan paleofaunas of the Cretaceous (late Maastrichtian) Fox Hills Formation of North Dakota, USA: paleoecology, paleogeography, and extinction. Bulletins of American Paleontology, No. 398: 1–94”. Bulletins of American Paleontology. 398. doi:10.32857/bap.2019.398 (inactive 1 July 2025).{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of July 2025 (link)

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