Myriopteris intertexta: Difference between revisions

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*{{cite book |title=Plant Gateway’s the Global Flora: A practical flora to vascular plant species of the world |last1=Christenhusz |first1=Maarten J. M. |authorlink1=Maarten J. M. Christenhusz |last2=Fay |first2=Michael F. |authorlink2=Michael Francis Fay |last3=Byng |first3=James W. |authorlink3=James W. Byng |year=2018 |volume=4 |isbn=978-0-9929993-9-1}}

*{{cite book | title=Our Ferns in Their Haunts | url=https://archive.org/details/cu31924089416774 | first=Willard N. | last=Clute | author-link=Willard Nelson Clute | publisher=Frederick A. Stokes Co. | location=New York | year=1901}}

*{{cite journal |title=Toward a monophyletic Cheilanthes: The resurrection and recircumscription of Myriopteris (Pteridaceae) |last1=Grusz |first1=Amanda L. |last2=Windham |first2=Michael D.|journal=PhytoKeys |year=2013 |issue=32 |pages=49–64 |doi=10.3897/phytokeys.32.6733 |pmc=3881352 |pmid=24399906 |doi-access=free }}

*{{cite journal |title=Patterns of Diversification in the Xeric-adapted Fern Genus Myriopteris (Pteridaceae) |last1=Grusz |first1=Amanda L. |last2=Windham |first2=Michael D. |last3=Yatskievych |first3=George |last4=Huiet |first4=Lane |last5=Gastony |first5=Gerald J. |last6=Pryer |first6=Kathleen M. |journal=Systematic Botany |year=2014 |volume=39 |issue=3 |pages=698–714 |url=https://sites.duke.edu/pryerlab/files/2017/12/grusz-et-al-2014-syst-bot.original.pdf |doi=10.1600/036364414X681518 |jstor=24546228}}

*{{cite web |editor-last1=Kirkpatrick |editor-first1=Ruth E.B. |editor-last2=Smith |editor-first2=Alan R. |editor-last3=Lemieux |editor-first3=Thomas |editor-last4=Alverson |editor-first4=Edward |year=2014 |title=Myriopteris intertexta |publisher=Jepson Flora Project |work=Jepson eFlora, Revision 2 |url=https://ucjeps.berkeley.edu/eflora/eflora_display.php?tid=99423 |accessdate=November 12, 2022}}

*{{cite book |first=David B. |last=Lellinger |authorlink=David B. Lellinger |title=A Field Manual of the Ferns & Fern-Allies of the United States & Canada |url=https://archive.org/details/fieldmanualoffer00lell |url-access=registration |publisher=Smithsonian Institution Press |location=Washington, DC |year=1985 |isbn=0-87474-603-5}}

*{{cite journal |last=Maxon |first=William R. |authorlink=William Ralph Maxon |year=1918 |title=The lip-ferns of the southwestern United States related to Cheilanthes myriophylla |journal=Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington |volume=31 |pages=139–151 |url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/3331971}}

*{{cite encyclopedia |year=1993 |title=””Cheilanthes intertexta” |editor=Flora of North America Editorial Committee |last1=Windham |first1=Michael D. |last2=Rabe |first2=Eric W. |encyclopedia=Flora of North America North of Mexico |volume=2: Pteridophytes and Gymnosperms |publisher=Oxford University Press |location=New York and Oxford |url=http://efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=1&taxon_id=233500355 |access-date=October 3, 2022}}

Species of fern in family Pteridaceae

Myriopteris intertexta, formerly Cheilanthes intertexta,^[3] is a species of lip fern known by the common name coastal lip fern. It is native to montane California and western Nevada, Oregon east of the Cascades, and with a disjunct population in central Utah. It grows in dry rocky habitats in sun, typically in rock cracks with little or no soil.

This fern produces clusters of dark green leaves up to about 25 centimeters long. Each leaf is divided into bumpy segments which are subdivided into pairs of rounded beadlike ultimate segments with their edges curled under to make them concave underneath. Each ultimate segment is less than 3 millimeters wide, sparsely hairy on top and scaly on the underside. Its sori are mostly hidden under the scales and curled leaflet margin (false indusium). The long-lanceolate scales on the underside of the leaflets are approximately 1 mm wide at their base, intermediate between those of its two parents (M. gracillima scales are very narrow (hair like) and those of M. covillei are 2–3 mm wide). The leaves arise from a short creeping rhizome, such that plants often have an elongated base, for example creeping along a rock crevice.^[3]

M. intertexta is found in Oregon, California, and eastern Nevada. In addition, there is an apparently disjunct population in north-central Utah on Mount Olympus in the Wasatch Range. The range of M. intertexta is intermediate between that of its two parents M. gracillima (with a range that extends further north) and M. covillei (with a range that extends further south and east into southern California, Arizona, and the Baja California peninsula and central Mexico).^[3]^[4]^[5]

Myriopteris intertexta was first described by William Ralph Maxon in 1918, as Cheilanthes covillei subsp. intertexta, based on material collected on Black Mountain by William Russel Dudley. In 1923, Maxon elevated it to the level of a full species as Cheilanthes intertexta in his treatment of ferns for LeRoy Abrams‘ Illustrated Flora of the Pacific States.

The development of molecular phylogenetic methods showed that the traditional circumscription of Cheilanthes, including that used by Maxon, is polyphyletic. Convergent evolution in arid environments is thought to be responsible for widespread homoplasy in the morphological characters traditionally used to classify it and the segregate genera that have sometimes been recognized. On the basis of molecular evidence, Amanda Grusz and Michael D. Windham revived the genus Myriopteris in 2013 for a group of species formerly placed in Cheilanthes. One of these was C. intertexta, which thus became Myriopteris intertexta.

In 2018, Maarten J. M. Christenhusz transferred the species to Hemionitis as H. intertexta, as part of a program to consolidate the cheilanthoid ferns into that genus.

Members of the genus Cheilanthes as historically defined (which includes Myriopteris) are commonly known as “lip ferns” due to the lip-like (false) indusium formed by the leaf margins curling over the sori. This species is commonly known as coastal lip fern.

This fern is thought to be an allotetraploid fertile hybrid of Myriopteris gracillima (maternal) and Myriopteris covillei (paternal).^[3]^[12]

Abrams, LeRoy (1923). An Illustrated Flora of the Pacific States. Vol. I. California: Stanford University Press.
Christenhusz, Maarten J. M.; Fay, Michael F.; Byng, James W. (2018). Plant Gateway’s the Global Flora: A practical flora to vascular plant species of the world. Vol. 4. ISBN 978-0-9929993-9-1.
Clute, Willard N. (1901). Our Ferns in Their Haunts. New York: Frederick A. Stokes Co.
Grusz, Amanda L.; Windham, Michael D. (2013). “Toward a monophyletic Cheilanthes: The resurrection and recircumscription of Myriopteris (Pteridaceae)”. PhytoKeys (32): 49–64. doi:10.3897/phytokeys.32.6733. PMC 3881352. PMID 24399906.
Grusz, Amanda L.; Windham, Michael D.; Yatskievych, George; Huiet, Lane; Gastony, Gerald J.; Pryer, Kathleen M. (2014). “Patterns of Diversification in the Xeric-adapted Fern Genus Myriopteris (Pteridaceae)” (PDF). Systematic Botany. 39 (3): 698–714. doi:10.1600/036364414X681518. JSTOR 24546228.
Kirkpatrick, Ruth E.B.; Smith, Alan R.; Lemieux, Thomas; Alverson, Edward, eds. (2014). “Myriopteris intertexta”. Jepson eFlora, Revision 2. Jepson Flora Project. Retrieved November 12, 2022.
Lellinger, David B. (1985). A Field Manual of the Ferns & Fern-Allies of the United States & Canada. Washington, DC: Smithsonian Institution Press. ISBN 0-87474-603-5.
Maxon, William R. (1918). “The lip-ferns of the southwestern United States related to Cheilanthes myriophylla”. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington. 31: 139–151.
Windham, Michael D.; Rabe, Eric W. (1993). “Cheilanthes intertexta“. In Flora of North America Editorial Committee (ed.). Flora of North America North of Mexico. Vol. 2: Pteridophytes and Gymnosperms. New York and Oxford: Oxford University Press. Retrieved October 3, 2022.

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