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Sir ”’Nicholas Twyford”’ (d. 1390) was a [[goldsmith]] who served as [[Lord Mayor of London]]. |
Sir ”’Nicholas Twyford”’ (d. 1390) was a [[goldsmith]] who served as [[Lord Mayor of London]]. |
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He was a warden of the [[Goldsmiths’ Company]] and in 1360 became [[Goldsmith in Ordinary]] to King [[Edward III]] and also carried out work for [[Richard II]] and [[John of Gaunt]].{{sfn|Pollard|1899|p=400}} He was seen as the most prominent goldsmith of that generation.{{sfn|Strohm|2004b}} |
He was a warden of the [[Goldsmiths’ Company]] and in 1360 became [[Goldsmith in Ordinary]] to King [[Edward III]] and also carried out work for [[Richard II]] and [[John of Gaunt]].{{sfn|Pollard|1899|p=400}} He was seen as the most prominent goldsmith of that generation.{{sfn|Strohm|2004b}} |
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He was active in [[London guilds conflict|London politics]], becoming an [[Court of Aldermen|Alderman]] for [[Coleman Street]] in 1376.{{sfn|Pollard|1899|p=400}} He became a [[Sheriff of the City of London|Sherriff]] in 1377 but following a riot in March 1378 between Twyford’s goldsmiths and the [[Guild of Pepperers]], he was dismissed by the mayor [[Nicholas Brembre]] for attempting to prevent the arrest of a rioter.{{sfn|Prescott|2004}} |
He was active in [[London guilds conflict|London politics]], becoming an [[Court of Aldermen|Alderman]] for [[Coleman Street]] in 1376.{{sfn|Pollard|1899|p=400}} He became a [[Sheriff of the City of London|Sherriff]] in 1377 but following a riot in March 1378 between Twyford’s goldsmiths and the [[Guild of Pepperers]], he was dismissed by the mayor [[Nicholas Brembre]] for attempting to prevent the arrest of a rioter.{{sfn|Prescott|2004}} |
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Latest revision as of 21:54, 13 November 2025
Lord Mayor of London 1388-1389
Sir Nicholas Twyford (d. 1390) was a goldsmith who served as Lord Mayor of London.
He was a warden of the Goldsmiths’ Company and in 1360 became Goldsmith in Ordinary to King Edward III and also carried out work for Richard II and John of Gaunt. He was seen as the most prominent goldsmith of that generation giving him access to the royal court.
He was active in London politics, becoming an Alderman for Coleman Street in 1376. He became a Sherriff in 1377 but following a riot in March 1378 between Twyford’s goldsmiths and the Guild of Pepperers, he was dismissed by the mayor Nicholas Brembre for attempting to prevent the arrest of a rioter.
With four colleagues, he was knighted by Richard II following the death of Wat Tyler at Smithfield in June 1381 with the Mayor William Walworth and three other aldermen, John Philpot, Nicholas Brembre and Robert Launde. The only other Londoners knighted in the century were Richard de Refham around 1312 and Mayor John de Pulteney in 1337; after 1381, the next Londoner knighted was William Estfield nearly 60 years later, in 1439.
Twyford stood against Nicholas Brembre when he stood for re-election in 1384. There were two major factions at that time in London, the wealthier victuallers around Brembre who were close to the king and the lesser trades around John Northampton who were closer to John of Gaunt. Twyford wasn’t fully part of either faction but was closer to Northampton’s. Brembre secured his victory by concealing armed men in London Guildhall and Twyford’s supporters were chased out.[5]
He did replace Brembre’s ally Nicholas Exton as mayor in 1388. Richard II advised London to choose as mayor someone “trusty and loyal” —by which, of course, the King meant, loyal to him. However, the actual election of Nicholas Twyford was probably displeasing to Richard as although never a supporter of John Northampton the tribune of the lesser trades, Twyford had regularly been opposed to Exton. The Merciless Parliament held that year also, finally, stripped London of its right to monopolize the retail sale of goods.
- ^ Acorrding to the original Anglo-Norman French of the petition: sailleront sur eux oue graunt noise criantz tuwez tuwez lour pursuiantz hydousement, (Round 1886) “the aforesaid armed men sprang out upon them with a great noise shouting ‘Slaughter! Slaughter!’, threateningly chasing them”
- Barron, Caroline M (1999). “Richard II and London”. In Goodman, A.; Gillespie, J. L. (eds.). Richard II: The Art of Kingship. Oxford: Clarendon Press. pp. 129–154. ISBN 0-19-820189-3.
- Barron, C. M. (2002). “Chivalry, Pageantry and Merchant Culture in Medieval London”. In Coss, P. R. & Keen, M. (eds.). Heraldry, Pageantry and Social Display in Medieval England. Woodbridge: Boydell. pp. 219–242. ISBN 978-1-84383-036-8.
- Bird, R. (1949). The Turbulent London of Richard II. London: Longman. OCLC 644424997.
- Pollard, Albert Frederick (1899). . Dictionary of National Biography. London: Smith, Elder & Co.
- Prescott, Andrew (23 September 2004). “Brembre, Sir Nicholas”. Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. (Subscription, Wikipedia Library access or UK public library membership required.)
- Round, John Horace (1886). . In Stephen, Leslie (ed.). Dictionary of National Biography. Vol. 6. London: Smith, Elder & Co.
- Strohm, Paul (2004b). “Twyford, Sir Nicholas”. Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. (Subscription, Wikipedia Library access or UK public library membership required.)
