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[[File:Packera_dubia_open_flower.jpg|thumb|405x405px|Packera dubia open flower]]

[[File:Packera_dubia_open_flower.jpg|thumb|405x405px|Packera dubia open flower]]

This plant that has bright yellow flowers with relatively small, narrow petals and a large yellow disk. There are around 10-13 petals on each flower head and 50-60 “disc florets” making up the center of the flower <ref name=”:0″>Trock, Debra K. (23 July 2012). “Packera tomentosa (Michaux) C. Jeffrey [family COMPOSITAE]”. ”JSTOR Global Plants.”</ref>. These plants do not typically grow to be taller than two feet and span from 30-60 cm in height <ref name=”:1″>{{Cite web |title=Lady Bird Johnson Wildflower Center – The University of Texas at Austin |url=https://www.wildflower.org/plants/result.php?id_plant=PATO4 |access-date=2025-11-19 |website=www.wildflower.org}}</ref>. They have leaves that grow around the base of the plant that are thin and covered with small hairs <ref name=”:1″ /> The basal leaves are long and leave size decreases higher up the stem <ref name=”:0″ />. The basal and surrounding leaves nearby grow out at around a 45 degree angle from the stem <ref name=”:0″ />. After blooming, Packera dubia produces a cypsela, a small, dry fruit with one seed and an inferior [[Ovary (botany)|ovary]] <ref name=”:1″ /> <ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-10-12 |title=Cypsela |url=https://mgnv.org/plants/glossary/cypsela/ |access-date=2025-11-19 |website=Master Gardeners of Northern Virginia |language=en-US}}</ref>.

This plant that has bright yellow flowers with relatively small, narrow petals and a large yellow disk. There are around 10-13 petals on each flower head and 50-60 “disc florets” making up the center of the flower <ref name=”:0″>Trock, Debra K. (23 July 2012). “Packera tomentosa (Michaux) C. Jeffrey [family COMPOSITAE]”. ”JSTOR Global Plants.”</ref>. These plants do not typically grow to be taller than two feet and span from 30-60 cm in height <ref name=”:1″>{{Cite web |title=Lady Bird Johnson Wildflower Center – The University of Texas at Austin |url=https://www.wildflower.org/plants/result.php?id_plant=PATO4 |access-date=2025-11-19 |website=www.wildflower.org}}</ref>. They have leaves that grow around the base of the plant that are thin and covered with small hairs <ref name=”:1″ /> The basal leaves are long and leave size decreases higher up the stem <ref name=”:0″ />. The basal and surrounding leaves nearby grow out at around a 45 degree angle from the stem <ref name=”:0″ />. After blooming, Packera dubia produces a cypsela, a small, dry fruit with one seed and an inferior [[Ovary (botany)|ovary]] <ref name=”:1″ /> <ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-10-12 |title=Cypsela |url=https://mgnv.org/plants/glossary/cypsela/ |access-date=2025-11-19 |website=Master Gardeners of Northern Virginia |language=en-US}}</ref>.

”’Taxonomy”’

[[File:Packera_dubia_leaves.jpg|thumb|369x369px|Packera dubia leaves]]

According to Plants of World Online, Packera dubia is classified within the phylum Streptophyta, class [[Equisetidae|Equisetopsida]], subclass Magnoliidae, and order [[Asterales]] <ref name=”:2″>{{Cite web |title=Packera dubia (Spreng.) Trock & Mabb. {{!}} Plants of the World Online {{!}} Kew Science |url=http://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:77217106-1 |access-date=2025-11-19 |website=Plants of the World Online |language=en}}</ref>. Packera dubia is currently a part of the [[Asteraceae]] family, commonly referred to as the Daisy family. While this species was considered a part of the [[Senecio]] family, it was moved to the Asteraceae family after studies found that Senecio species in North America were very different from the rest of the Senecio family <ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-02-19 |title=Packera aurea – Highlands Biological Station |url=https://highlandsbiological.org/packera-aurea/ |access-date=2025-11-19 |website=highlandsbiological.org |language=en-US}}</ref>.

A DNA sequencing study found that the [[genus]] [[Packera]] originated in Mexico before it diverged into different lineages in the United States including Packera dubia <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Bain |first=J. F |last2=Golden |first2=J. L |date=2000-09-01 |title=A Phylogeny of Packera (Senecioneae; Asteraceae) Based on Internal Transcribed Spacer Region Sequence Data and a Broad Sampling of Outgroups |url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1055790300908042 |journal=Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution |volume=16 |issue=3 |pages=331–338 |doi=10.1006/mpev.2000.0804 |issn=1055-7903}}</ref>. This provides context for the evolutionary history of Packera dubia and where it falls within the genus.

In a study that tracked the morphological differences in Packera dubia between different regions indicate that Packera dubia may include more than one distinct taxonomic group <ref name=”:3″>{{Cite journal |last=Elizabeth |first=Fleming, |date=2024-03-22 |title=Morphometric analysis of the Packera dubia (Spreng.) species complex |url=https://cdr.lib.unc.edu/concern/honors_theses/jw827p66w |journal=Carolina Digital Repository |language=en |archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20241126034735/https://cdr.lib.unc.edu/concern/honors_theses/jw827p66w |archive-date=2024-11-26}}</ref>. The variation between specimens in Piedmont and Mid Atlantic Regions compared to the Atlantic Coastal Plain and the Gulf Coastal Plain was so high especially when comparing the leaf morphology and [[indumentum]] (hairiness) of the plants, distinguishing features of Packera dubia <ref name=”:3″ />. These findings warrant future taxonomic research to determine if this species should be split into two different taxonomic groups <ref name=”:3″ />.

Due to revisions in this taxonomy overtime, Packera dubia has homotypic synonyms including Cineraria diversifolia, Cineraria dubia, and Senecio dubious. It also has many heterotypic synonyms as well including Cineraria heterophylla, Cinceraria integrifolia, Cinceraria integrifolius var. heterophyllus, Packera tomentosa (commonly used), Senecio alabamensis, and Senecio tomentosus <ref name=”:2″ />.

==References==

==References==

Latest revision as of 02:53, 19 November 2025

Species of flowering plant

Packera dubia, synonym Packera tomentosa, is a species of flowering plant in the composite family.[1] It is known by the common name woolly ragwort. It is native to the Southeastern United States, primarily to the coastal plain but extending into some areas inland.[2] Its preferred habitat is open, sandy areas and granitic outcrops. It is common throughout its range.[3]

Packera dubia is a perennial that produces a head of yellow flowers in late spring. Its seeds have been shown to have varying masses within a single head of flowers, perhaps as an adaptation for better dispersal in disturbed habitats.[4]

Description

Packera dubia open flower

This plant that has bright yellow flowers with relatively small, narrow petals and a large yellow disk. There are around 10-13 petals on each flower head and 50-60 “disc florets” making up the center of the flower [5]. These plants do not typically grow to be taller than two feet and span from 30-60 cm in height [6]. They have leaves that grow around the base of the plant that are thin and covered with small hairs [6] The basal leaves are long and leave size decreases higher up the stem [5]. The basal and surrounding leaves nearby grow out at around a 45 degree angle from the stem [5]. After blooming, Packera dubia produces a cypsela, a small, dry fruit with one seed and an inferior ovary [6] [7].

Taxonomy

Packera dubia leaves

According to Plants of World Online, Packera dubia is classified within the phylum Streptophyta, class Equisetopsida, subclass Magnoliidae, and order Asterales [8]. Packera dubia is currently a part of the Asteraceae family, commonly referred to as the Daisy family. While this species was considered a part of the Senecio family, it was moved to the Asteraceae family after studies found that Senecio species in North America were very different from the rest of the Senecio family [9].

A DNA sequencing study found that the genus Packera originated in Mexico before it diverged into different lineages in the United States including Packera dubia [10]. This provides context for the evolutionary history of Packera dubia and where it falls within the genus.

In a study that tracked the morphological differences in Packera dubia between different regions indicate that Packera dubia may include more than one distinct taxonomic group [11]. The variation between specimens in Piedmont and Mid Atlantic Regions compared to the Atlantic Coastal Plain and the Gulf Coastal Plain was so high especially when comparing the leaf morphology and indumentum (hairiness) of the plants, distinguishing features of Packera dubia [11]. These findings warrant future taxonomic research to determine if this species should be split into two different taxonomic groups [11].

Due to revisions in this taxonomy overtime, Packera dubia has homotypic synonyms including Cineraria diversifolia, Cineraria dubia, and Senecio dubious. It also has many heterotypic synonyms as well including Cineraria heterophylla, Cinceraria integrifolia, Cinceraria integrifolius var. heterophyllus, Packera tomentosa (commonly used), Senecio alabamensis, and Senecio tomentosus [8].

  1. ^ a b “Packera dubia (Spreng.) Trock & Mabb”. Plants of the World Online. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Retrieved 2023-03-25.
  2. ^ “Flora of the Southern and Mid-Atlantic States”.
  3. ^ Flora of North America
  4. ^ Leverett, L. D. and Jolls, C. L. (2014), “Cryptic seed heteromorphism in Packera tomentosa (Asteraceae): differences in mass and germination”. Plant Species Biology, 29: 169–180. doi:10.1111/1442-1984.12011.
  5. ^ a b c Trock, Debra K. (23 July 2012). “Packera tomentosa (Michaux) C. Jeffrey [family COMPOSITAE]”. JSTOR Global Plants.
  6. ^ a b c “Lady Bird Johnson Wildflower Center – The University of Texas at Austin”. www.wildflower.org. Retrieved 2025-11-19.
  7. ^ “Cypsela”. Master Gardeners of Northern Virginia. 2022-10-12. Retrieved 2025-11-19.
  8. ^ a b “Packera dubia (Spreng.) Trock & Mabb. | Plants of the World Online | Kew Science”. Plants of the World Online. Retrieved 2025-11-19.
  9. ^ “Packera aurea – Highlands Biological Station”. highlandsbiological.org. 2021-02-19. Retrieved 2025-11-19.
  10. ^ Bain, J. F; Golden, J. L (2000-09-01). “A Phylogeny of Packera (Senecioneae; Asteraceae) Based on Internal Transcribed Spacer Region Sequence Data and a Broad Sampling of Outgroups”. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 16 (3): 331–338. doi:10.1006/mpev.2000.0804. ISSN 1055-7903.
  11. ^ a b c Elizabeth, Fleming, (2024-03-22). “Morphometric analysis of the Packera dubia (Spreng.) species complex”. Carolina Digital Repository. Archived from the original on 2024-11-26.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: extra punctuation (link) CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)

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