Swift Justice: Difference between revisions

 

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In subsequent episodes, Mac works as a [[private investigator]] who assists those “denied [help] because of the rules of conventional law enforcement”.<ref name=”Books1″ /> He helps people by improving their chances against criminals in court, rather than by [[vigilantism]].<ref name=”Source3″>{{cite web|url=https://www.chicagotribune.com/1996/03/13/the-formula-2/|title=The Formula: Debut Of UPN’s ‘Swift Justice’ Built Around Several Conventional Ideas|last=Johnson|first=Steve|date=March 13, 1996|work=[[Chicago Tribune]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180825012509/http://articles.chicagotribune.com/1996-03-13/features/9603130217_1_swift-justice-upn-aggressive|archive-date=August 25, 2018|url-status=live}}</ref> Portrayed as experienced with computers,<ref name=”Books1″ /> Mac is financially stable due to [[royalty payment]]s from software he has developed.<ref name=”Source1″ /> He sets up an email address to receive messages from his clients.<ref name=”Books1″ /> According to a publicity note from [[United Paramount Network]] (UPN), Mac relies on “technology, intellect, charisma[,] and muscle” to solve cases.<ref name=”Source4″>{{cite web|url=https://www.orlandosentinel.com/1996/03/13/new-shows-flat-flashy-and-lousy/|title=New Shows: Flat, Flashy And Lousy|last=Boedeker|first=Hal|date=March 13, 1996|work=[[Orlando Sentinel]]|access-date=August 24, 2018}}</ref> The network promoted the character as “a true crime fighter of the technology-driven 90’s”.<ref name=”Source2″ /> Throughout the season, Randall provides information about cases to Mac. Al is demoted from being a [[beat officer]] to working at a desk.<ref name=”Books1″ />

In subsequent episodes, Mac works as a [[private investigator]] who assists those “denied [help] because of the rules of conventional law enforcement”.<ref name=”Books1″ /> He helps people by improving their chances against criminals in court, rather than by [[vigilantism]].<ref name=”Source3″>{{cite web|url=https://www.chicagotribune.com/1996/03/13/the-formula-2/|title=The Formula: Debut Of UPN’s ‘Swift Justice’ Built Around Several Conventional Ideas|last=Johnson|first=Steve|date=March 13, 1996|work=[[Chicago Tribune]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180825012509/http://articles.chicagotribune.com/1996-03-13/features/9603130217_1_swift-justice-upn-aggressive|archive-date=August 25, 2018|url-status=live}}</ref> Portrayed as experienced with computers,<ref name=”Books1″ /> Mac is financially stable due to [[royalty payment]]s from software he has developed.<ref name=”Source1″ /> He sets up an email address to receive messages from his clients.<ref name=”Books1″ /> According to a publicity note from [[United Paramount Network]] (UPN), Mac relies on “technology, intellect, charisma[,] and muscle” to solve cases.<ref name=”Source4″>{{cite web|url=https://www.orlandosentinel.com/1996/03/13/new-shows-flat-flashy-and-lousy/|title=New Shows: Flat, Flashy And Lousy|last=Boedeker|first=Hal|date=March 13, 1996|work=[[Orlando Sentinel]]|access-date=August 24, 2018}}</ref> The network promoted the character as “a true crime fighter of the technology-driven 90’s”.<ref name=”Source2″ /> Throughout the season, Randall provides information about cases to Mac. Al is demoted from being a [[beat officer]] to working at a desk.<ref name=”Books1″ />

Storylines include a [[Rock music|rock]] singer who is denied a divorce from her abusive husband, a woman whose son is kidnapped by her ex-husband, and a man who ties up and tortures his victims by [[Drive (golf)|driving]] them with golf balls.<ref name=”Books1″ /><ref name=”Source4″ /> [[Guest appearance]]s include [[Jennifer Garner]],<ref name=”2019NewSources2″>{{cite magazine|url=https://ew.com/gallery/law-and-order-guest-stars/|title=Law & Order: 30 Best Guest Stars|last=Boardman|first=Madeline|date=June 22, 2016|magazine=[[Entertainment Weekly]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180302092401/http://ew.com/gallery/law-and-order-guest-stars/|archive-date=March 2, 2018|url-status=live|df=mdy-all}}</ref> [[Drea de Matteo]],<ref name=”2019NewSources1″>{{cite web|url=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/drea-de-matteos-sexy-bad-girl/|title=Drea de Matteo’s Sexy Bad Girl|last=Morales|first=Tatiana|date=January 28, 2005|publisher=[[CBS News]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170802040120/http://www.cbsnews.com/news/drea-de-matteos-sexy-bad-girl/|archive-date=August 2, 2017|url-status=live|df=mdy-all}}</ref> and [[Ice-T]].<ref name=”IceBooks”>[[Swift Justice#IceT2012|Ice-T & Century (2012)]]: p 159</ref> Many commentators noted the show’s use of violence,<ref name=”Source2″ /><ref name=”SourceTDN”>{{cite web|url=https://www.deseretnews.com/article/477158/FACULTY-IS-TOO-DUMB-SWIFT-IS-TOO-VIOLENT.html|title=”Faculty” is Too Dumb, ‘Swift’ is Too Violent|last=Pierce|first=Scott D.|date=March 13, 1996|work=[[The Deseret News]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180825052614/https://www.deseretnews.com/article/477158/FACULTY-IS-TOO-DUMB-SWIFT-IS-TOO-VIOLENT.html|archive-date=August 25, 2018|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name=”SourceSFG2″>{{cite web|url=https://www.sfgate.com/news/article/JOHN-CARMAN-on-TELEVISION-UPN-s-Justice-2990534.php|title=UPN’s ‘Justice’ Arrives With A Splatter|last=Carman|first=John|date=March 13, 1996|work=[[San Francisco Chronicle]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180825155933/https://www.sfgate.com/news/article/JOHN-CARMAN-on-TELEVISION-UPN-s-Justice-2990534.php|archive-date=August 25, 2018|url-status=live}}</ref> particularly that the pilot’s opening sequence involves nine deaths.<ref name=”SourceTDN” /> Despite its frequent inclusion of violent scenes, the show does not show blood or gore.<ref name=”PlotHoles” /> Critics compared the violence in ”Swift Justice” to the [[crime drama]] ”[[The Equalizer (1985 TV series)|The Equalizer]]” and the 1988 [[action movie]] ”[[Die Hard]]”,<ref name=”Source1″ /><ref name=”Source2″ /><ref name=”Source3″ /> and the ”[[Orlando Sentinel]]”’s Hal Boedeker identified it as an “urban [[Western (genre)|western]]”.<ref name=”Source4″ /> Co-creator and executive producer [[Dick Wolf]] likened the series to “[[Batman]] without the mask”,<ref name=”Source2″ /> and characterized its tone as [[Political correctness|politically incorrect]].<ref name=”SourceUPN” /> He based Mac on the gunfighter Paladin from ”[[Have Gun – Will Travel]]<ref name=”ShootingSource1″>{{cite web|url=https://www.sun-sentinel.com/news/fl-xpm-1996-03-13-9603110431-story.html|title=Shooting at the V-Chip|last=Jicha|first=Tom|date=March 13, 1996|work=[[Sun-Sentinel]]|access-date=November 12, 2018}}</ref>” and compared his friendship with Randall to [[Martin Riggs]]’ partnership with [[Roger Murtaugh]] in the [[Lethal Weapon (franchise)|”Lethal Weapon”]] films.<ref name=”SourceNYD”>{{cite web|url=http://www.nydailynews.com/archives/entertainment/show-swift-ly-sets-tone-article-1.719782|title=Cop Show ‘Swift’-ly Sets Its Tone|last=Mink|first=Eric|date=March 12, 1996|work=[[New York Daily News]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180825051021/http://www.nydailynews.com/archives/entertainment/show-swift-ly-sets-tone-article-1.719782|archive-date=August 25, 2018|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=”SourceCSM”>{{cite web|url=https://www.csmonitor.com/1996/0312/12141.html|title=Worth Noting on TV|last=Nichols|first=Judy|date=March 12, 1996|work=[[The Christian Science Monitor]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180825050423/https://www.csmonitor.com/1996/0312/12141.html|archive-date=August 25, 2018|url-status=live}}</ref>

Storylines include a [[Rock music|rock]] singer who is denied a divorce from her abusive husband, a woman whose son is kidnapped by her ex-husband, and a man who ties up and tortures his victims by [[Drive (golf)|driving]] them with golf balls.<ref name=”Books1″ /><ref name=”Source4″ /> [[Guest appearance]]s include [[Jennifer Garner]],<ref name=”2019NewSources2″>{{cite magazine|url=https://ew.com/gallery/law-and-order-guest-stars/|title=Law & Order: 30 Best Guest Stars|last=Boardman|first=Madeline|date=June 22, 2016|magazine=[[Entertainment Weekly]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180302092401/http://ew.com/gallery/law-and-order-guest-stars/|archive-date=March 2, 2018|url-status=live|df=mdy-all}}</ref> [[Drea de Matteo]],<ref name=”2019NewSources1″>{{cite web|url=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/drea-de-matteos-sexy-bad-girl/|title=Drea de Matteo’s Sexy Bad Girl|last=Morales|first=Tatiana|date=January 28, 2005|publisher=[[CBS News]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170802040120/http://www.cbsnews.com/news/drea-de-matteos-sexy-bad-girl/|archive-date=August 2, 2017|url-status=live|df=mdy-all}}</ref> and [[Ice-T]].<ref name=”IceBooks”>[[Swift Justice#IceT2012|Ice-T & Century (2012)]]: p 159</ref> Many commentators noted the show’s use of violence,<ref name=”Source2″ /><ref name=”SourceTDN”>{{cite web|url=https://www.deseretnews.com/article/477158/FACULTY-IS-TOO-DUMB-SWIFT-IS-TOO-VIOLENT.html|title=”Faculty” is Too Dumb, ‘Swift’ is Too Violent|last=Pierce|first=Scott D.|date=March 13, 1996|work=[[The Deseret News]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180825052614/https://www.deseretnews.com/article/477158/FACULTY-IS-TOO-DUMB-SWIFT-IS-TOO-VIOLENT.html|archive-date=August 25, 2018|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name=”SourceSFG2″>{{cite web|url=https://www.sfgate.com/news/article/JOHN-CARMAN-on-TELEVISION-UPN-s-Justice-2990534.php|title=UPN’s ‘Justice’ Arrives With A Splatter|last=Carman|first=John|date=March 13, 1996|work=[[San Francisco Chronicle]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180825155933/https://www.sfgate.com/news/article/JOHN-CARMAN-on-TELEVISION-UPN-s-Justice-2990534.php|archive-date=August 25, 2018|url-status=live}}</ref> particularly that the pilot’s opening sequence involves nine deaths.<ref name=”SourceTDN” /> Despite its frequent inclusion of violent scenes, the show does not show blood or gore.<ref name=”PlotHoles” /> Critics compared the violence in ”Swift Justice” to the [[crime drama]] ”[[The Equalizer (1985 TV series)|The Equalizer]]” and the 1988 [[action movie]] ”[[Die Hard]]”,<ref name=”Source1″ /><ref name=”Source2″ /><ref name=”Source3″ /> and the ”[[Orlando Sentinel]]”’s Hal Boedeker identified it as an “urban [[Western (genre)|western]]”.<ref name=”Source4″ /> Co-creator and executive producer [[Dick Wolf]] likened the series to “[[Batman]] without the mask”,<ref name=”Source2″ /> and characterized its tone as [[Political correctness|politically incorrect]].<ref name=”SourceUPN” /> He based Mac on the gunfighter Paladin from ”[[Have Gun – Will Travel]]<ref name=”ShootingSource1″>{{cite web|url=https://www.sun-sentinel.com/news/fl-xpm-1996-03-13-9603110431-story.html|title=Shooting at the V-Chip|last=Jicha|first=Tom|date=March 13, 1996|work=[[Sun-Sentinel]]|access-date=November 12, 2018}}</ref>” and compared his friendship with Randall to [[Martin Riggs]]’ partnership with [[Roger Murtaugh]] in the [[Lethal Weapon (franchise)|”Lethal Weapon”]] films.<ref name=”SourceNYD”>{{cite web|url=http://www.nydailynews.com/archives/entertainment/show-swift-ly-sets-tone-article-1.719782|title=Cop Show ‘Swift’-ly Sets Its Tone|last=Mink|first=Eric|date=March 12, 1996|work=[[New York Daily News]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180825051021/http://www.nydailynews.com/archives/entertainment/show-swift-ly-sets-tone-article-1.719782|archive-date=August 25, 2018|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=”SourceCSM”>{{cite web|url=https://www.csmonitor.com/1996/0312/12141.html|title=Worth Noting on TV|last=Nichols|first=Judy|date=March 12, 1996|work=[[The Christian Science Monitor]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180825050423/https://www.csmonitor.com/1996/0312/12141.html|archive-date=August 25, 2018|url-status=live}}</ref>

==Production and broadcast history==

==Production and broadcast history==

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Produced by [[Wolf Films]] in association with [[Universal Television]], ”Swift Justice” was created by Wolf and Richard Albarino.<ref name=”Source1″ /><ref name=”SourceNecessity”>{{cite web|url=http://opsis.georgetown.edu/articles/PerformingTheLaw.html|title=The Necessity of Spectacle Events in the Legislative and Judicial Processes|last=Spielmann|first=Guy|date=2014|publisher=[[Georgetown University]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151128160312/http://opsis.georgetown.edu/articles/PerformingTheLaw.html|archive-date=November 28, 2015|url-status=live|df=mdy-all}}</ref> According to [[New York (magazine)|”New York”]]’s Maureen Callahan, the episodes, shot [[Location shooting|on location]] in New York,<ref name=”Source1″ /> were low-budget productions.<ref name=”SourceJournal1″>{{cite journal|last=Callahan|first=Maureen|date=April 22, 1996|title=Life Intimidates Art|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=M-ECAAAAMBAJ&q=%22Swift+Justice%22+%22UPN%22&pg=PA18|url-status=live|journal=[[New York (magazine)|New York]]|volume=29|issue=16|pages=18|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180825125425/https://books.google.com/books?id=M-ECAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA18&dq=%22Swift+Justice%22+%22UPN%22&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiFwPjAj4fdAhUuwlkKHepmBjwQ6AEIRzAG#v=onepage&q=%22Swift%20Justice%22%20%22UPN%22&f=false|archive-date=August 25, 2018}}</ref> During filming, [[Jean-Claude La Marre]], who [[guest star]]red as a hustler, was nearly arrested by a police officer. La Marre accused him of [[racial profiling]]. Representatives from ”Swift Justice” and the NYPD did not comment on the incident.<ref name=”SourceJournal1″ /> [[Rick Marotta]] produced the music, which [[Variety (magazine)|”Variety”]]’s Todd Everett described as having a good synthesizer- and percussion-based sound.<ref name=”Source1″ /> ”Swift Justice” was the first time that [[Gary Glasberg]] wrote for an hour-long television program. Referring to the experience as his “big break”, he would later be a [[showrunner]] for the [[police procedural]] [[NCIS (TV series)|”NCIS”]].<ref name=”2019NewSources3″>{{cite web|url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/showrunners-2012-ncis-gary-glasberg-shane-brennan-375978|title=Showrunners 2012 ‘NCIS’ Gary Glasberg and ‘NCIS Los Angeles’ Shane Brennan|last=Guthrie|first=Marisa|date=October 3, 2012|work=[[The Hollywood Reporter]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160330035959/http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/showrunners-2012-ncis-gary-glasberg-shane-brennan-375978|archive-date=March 30, 2016|url-status=live|df=mdy-all}}</ref>

Produced by [[Wolf Films]] in association with [[Universal Television]], ”Swift Justice” was created by Wolf and Richard Albarino.<ref name=”Source1″ /><ref name=”SourceNecessity”>{{cite web|url=http://opsis.georgetown.edu/articles/PerformingTheLaw.html|title=The Necessity of Spectacle Events in the Legislative and Judicial Processes|last=Spielmann|first=Guy|date=2014|publisher=[[Georgetown University]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151128160312/http://opsis.georgetown.edu/articles/PerformingTheLaw.html|archive-date=November 28, 2015|url-status=live|df=mdy-all}}</ref> According to [[New York (magazine)|”New York”]]’s Maureen Callahan, the episodes, shot [[Location shooting|on location]] in New York,<ref name=”Source1″ /> were low-budget productions.<ref name=”SourceJournal1″>{{cite journal|last=Callahan|first=Maureen|date=April 22, 1996|title=Life Intimidates Art|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=M-ECAAAAMBAJ&q=%22Swift+Justice%22+%22UPN%22&pg=PA18|url-status=live|journal=[[New York (magazine)|New York]]|volume=29|issue=16|pages=18|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180825125425/https://books.google.com/books?id=M-ECAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA18&dq=%22Swift+Justice%22+%22UPN%22&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiFwPjAj4fdAhUuwlkKHepmBjwQ6AEIRzAG#v=onepage&q=%22Swift%20Justice%22%20%22UPN%22&f=false|archive-date=August 25, 2018}}</ref> During filming, [[Jean-Claude La Marre]], who [[guest star]]red as a hustler, was nearly arrested by a police officer. La Marre accused him of [[racial profiling]]. Representatives from ”Swift Justice” and the NYPD did not comment on the incident.<ref name=”SourceJournal1″ /> [[Rick Marotta]] produced the music, which [[Variety (magazine)|”Variety”]]’s Todd Everett described as having a good synthesizer- and percussion-based sound.<ref name=”Source1″ /> ”Swift Justice” was the first time that [[Gary Glasberg]] wrote for an hour-long television program. Referring to the experience as his “big break”, he would later be a [[showrunner]] for the [[police procedural]] [[NCIS (TV series)|”NCIS”]].<ref name=”2019NewSources3″>{{cite web|url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/showrunners-2012-ncis-gary-glasberg-shane-brennan-375978|title=Showrunners 2012 ‘NCIS’ Gary Glasberg and ‘NCIS Los Angeles’ Shane Brennan|last=Guthrie|first=Marisa|date=October 3, 2012|work=[[The Hollywood Reporter]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160330035959/http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/showrunners-2012-ncis-gary-glasberg-shane-brennan-375978|archive-date=March 30, 2016|url-status=live|df=mdy-all}}</ref>

”Swift Justice” was part of UPN’s “aggressive new spring schedule” that expanded the network’s programming to three nights per week.<ref name=”Source3″ /> Picked up as a [[mid-season replacement]],<ref name=”HighBeam11″>{{cite web|url=https://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-17254139.html|title=From fighting cavities to fighting V-chips.(Richard Wolf goes from advertising copywriter to screenwriter)|last=Coe|first=Steve|date=August 28, 1995|work=[[Broadcasting & Cable]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180825155716/https://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-17254139.html|archive-date=August 25, 2018|url-status=dead|df=mdy-all}} {{subscription required}}</ref> the series was broadcast on Wednesday nights at 9:00&nbsp;pm&nbsp;[[Eastern Time Zone|EST]].<ref name=”Books1″ /> Thirteen episodes aired between March and July 1996.<ref name=”SourceTVGuide1″>{{cite web|url=https://www.tvguide.com/tvshows/swift-justice/episodes/204736/|title=Episode Guide|work=[[TV Guide]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180825024748/https://www.tvguide.com/tvshows/swift-justice/episodes/204736/|archive-date=August 25, 2018|url-status=dead}}</ref> ”[[Rocky Mountain News]]”<nowiki/>’ Dusty Saunders cited the series as an example of the network shifting toward [[Action adventure film|action-adventure]] programming.<ref name=”HighBeam1″>{{Cite news|url=https://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-67765928.html|title=Quasi-Network UPN Moving into Action-Adventure Arena|last=Saunders|first=Dusty|date=March 20, 1996|work=[[Rocky Mountain News]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180825153219/https://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-67765928.html|archive-date=August 25, 2018|url-status=dead|df=mdy-all}} {{subscription required}}</ref> ”[[Mediaweek (American magazine)|Mediaweek]]”<nowiki/>’s Scotty Dupree wrote that ”Swift Justice” and [[The Sentinel (TV series)|”The Sentinel”]] were meant to attract a male audience, saying they were the only shows, aside from [[JAG (TV series)|”JAG”]], marketed to men on Wednesday nights.<ref name=”SourceTrove”>{{Cite journal|last=Dupree|first=Scotty|date=March 4, 1996|title=UPN aims for boys’ night in; Wednesday now a six-way race|url=https://trove.nla.gov.au/work/58655015?q&versionId=71664428|url-status=dead|journal=[[Mediaweek (American magazine)|Mediaweek]]|volume=v6|issue=n10|pages=8(1)|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180825124532/https://trove.nla.gov.au/work/58655015?q&versionId=71664428|archive-date=August 25, 2018|access-date=August 25, 2018|df=mdy-all}}</ref> Wolf specified the target audiences of males as being aged 18 to 34.<ref name=”2019NewSources5″>{{cite web|url=https://scholar.lib.vt.edu/VA-news/VA-Pilot/issues/1996/vp960313/03130042.htm|title=UPN’s Cool Rogue Cop Beats Laughable ‘JAG’|last=Bonko|first=Larry|date=March 13, 1996|work=[[The Virginian-Pilot]]|access-date=February 1, 2019}}</ref>

”Swift Justice” was part of UPN’s “aggressive new spring schedule” that expanded the network’s programming to three nights per week.<ref name=”Source3″ /> Picked up as a [[mid-season replacement]],<ref name=”HighBeam11″>{{cite web|url=https://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-17254139.html|title=From fighting cavities to fighting V-chips.(Richard Wolf goes from advertising copywriter to screenwriter)|last=Coe|first=Steve|date=August 28, 1995|work=[[Broadcasting & Cable]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180825155716/https://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-17254139.html|archive-date=August 25, 2018|url-status=dead|df=mdy-all}} {{subscription required}}</ref> the series was broadcast on Wednesday nights at 9:00&nbsp;pm&nbsp;[[Eastern Time Zone|EST]].<ref name=”Books1″ /> Thirteen episodes aired between March and July 1996.<ref name=”SourceTVGuide1″>{{cite web|url=https://www.tvguide.com/tvshows/swift-justice/episodes/204736/|title=Episode Guide|work=[[TV Guide]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180825024748/https://www.tvguide.com/tvshows/swift-justice/episodes/204736/|archive-date=August 25, 2018|url-status=dead}}</ref> ”[[Rocky Mountain News]]”<nowiki/>’ Dusty Saunders cited the series as an example of the network shifting toward [[Action adventure film|action-adventure]] programming.<ref name=”HighBeam1″>{{Cite news|url=https://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-67765928.html|title=Quasi-Network UPN Moving into Action-Adventure Arena|last=Saunders|first=Dusty|date=March 20, 1996|work=[[Rocky Mountain News]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180825153219/https://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-67765928.html|archive-date=August 25, 2018|url-status=dead|df=mdy-all}} {{subscription required}}</ref> ”[[Mediaweek (American magazine)|Mediaweek]]”<nowiki/>’s Scotty Dupree wrote that ”Swift Justice” and [[The Sentinel (TV series)|”The Sentinel”]] were meant to attract a male audience, saying they were the only shows, aside from [[JAG (TV series)|”JAG”]], marketed to men on Wednesday nights.<ref name=”SourceTrove”>{{Cite journal|last=Dupree|first=Scotty|date=March 4, 1996|title=UPN aims for boys’ night in; Wednesday now a six-way race|url=https://trove.nla.gov.au/work/58655015?q&versionId=71664428|url-status=dead|journal=[[Mediaweek (American magazine)|Mediaweek]]|volume=v6|issue=n10|pages=8(1)|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180825124532/https://trove.nla.gov.au/work/58655015?q&versionId=71664428|archive-date=August 25, 2018|access-date=August 25, 2018|df=mdy-all}}</ref> Wolf specified the target audiences of males as being aged 18 to 34.<ref name=”2019NewSources5″>{{cite web|url=https://scholar.lib.vt.edu/VA-news/VA-Pilot/issues/1996/vp960313/03130042.htm|title=UPN’s Cool Rogue Cop Beats Laughable ‘JAG’|last=Bonko|first=Larry|date=March 13, 1996|work=[[The Virginian-Pilot]]|access-date=February 1, 2019}}</ref>

”Swift Justice”{{‘}}s pilot episode was shown with a viewer advisory regarding its violence.<ref name=”SourceCSM” /> During the show’s broadcast, [[watchdog organization]]s and viewers were critical of the representation of violence on television.<ref name=”Source2″ /><ref name=”Source4″ /><ref name=”HighBeam8″>{{cite web|url=https://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P2-8369859.html|title=Reader Feedback: Would you let your child watch this? A naughty ‘Nanny’ may be fine, but parents prefer to X out ‘Files’|last=Graham|first=Renee|date=May 21, 1996|work=[[The Boston Globe]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180825155100/https://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P2-8369859.html|archive-date=August 25, 2018|url-status=dead|df=mdy-all}} {{subscription required}}</ref> UPN canceled ”Swift Justice”, [[Nowhere Man (American TV series)|”Nowhere Man”]], ”[[Minor Adjustments]]”, and ”The Paranormal Borderline”, in favor of [[black sitcom]]s.<ref name=”SourceLAT”>{{Cite news|url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1996-05-17-ca-5358-story.html|title=UPN Tries to Lure African Americans|last=Lowry|first=Brian|date=May 17, 1996|work=[[Los Angeles Times]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180825051703/http://articles.latimes.com/1996-05-17/entertainment/ca-5358_1_african-american|archive-date=August 25, 2018|url-status=live}}</ref> The network decided to remove ”Swift Justice” from its schedule following viewer and advertiser complaints about its violence.<ref name=”HighBeam9″>{{Cite news|url=https://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-18682959.html|title=Network TV is supposed to be getting more family-friendly, but…|journal=Knight Ridder/Tribune News Service|last=Heldenfels|first=R.D.|date=September 18, 1996|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180825155232/https://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-18682959.html|archive-date=August 25, 2018|url-status=dead|df=mdy-all}} {{subscription required}}</ref><ref name=”HighBeam10″>{{cite web|url=https://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-18792483.html|title=TV reduces violence. (UCLA study of television violence during 1995-96 season)|last=Rice|first=Lynette|date=October 21, 1996|work=[[Broadcasting & Cable]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180825155547/https://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-18792483.html|archive-date=August 25, 2018|url-status=dead|df=mdy-all}} {{subscription required}}</ref> During a 2013 interview with the [[Academy of Television Arts & Sciences]], Wolf referred to the decision to end ”Swift Justice” as a “cancellation error”, particularly since UPN did not have a drama with comparable ratings at the time.<ref name=”SourceUPN”>{{cite web|url=https://interviews.televisionacademy.com/shows/swift-justice|title=Dick Wolf on producing Swift Justice |date=January 10, 2013|publisher=[[Academy of Television Arts & Sciences]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180825235953/https://interviews.televisionacademy.com/shows/swift-justice|archive-date=August 25, 2018|url-status=live}}</ref> Following the show’s cancellation, when Wolf was casting for the television productions [[Players (1997 TV series)|”Players”]] and ”[[Exiled: A Law & Order Movie]]” in the late 1990s, he again hired Ice-T, who has noted that Wolf often collaborated with the same actors.<ref name=”IceBooks” />

”Swift Justice”{{‘}}s pilot episode was shown with a viewer advisory regarding its violence.<ref name=”SourceCSM” /> During the show’s broadcast, [[watchdog organization]]s and viewers were critical of the representation of violence on television.<ref name=”Source2″ /><ref name=”Source4″ /><ref name=”HighBeam8″>{{cite web|url=https://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P2-8369859.html|title=Reader Feedback: Would you let your child watch this? A naughty ‘Nanny’ may be fine, but parents prefer to X out ‘Files’|last=Graham|first=Renee|date=May 21, 1996|work=[[The Boston Globe]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180825155100/https://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P2-8369859.html|archive-date=August 25, 2018|url-status=dead|df=mdy-all}} {{subscription required}}</ref> UPN canceled ”Swift Justice”, [[Nowhere Man (American TV series)|”Nowhere Man”]], ”[[Minor Adjustments]]”, and ”The Paranormal Borderline”, in favor of [[black sitcom]]s.<ref name=”SourceLAT”>{{Cite news|url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1996-05-17-ca-5358-story.html|title=UPN Tries to Lure African Americans|last=Lowry|first=Brian|date=May 17, 1996|work=[[Los Angeles Times]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180825051703/http://articles.latimes.com/1996-05-17/entertainment/ca-5358_1_african-american|archive-date=August 25, 2018|url-status=live}}</ref> The network decided to remove ”Swift Justice” from its schedule following viewer and advertiser complaints about its violence.<ref name=”HighBeam9″>{{Cite news|url=https://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-18682959.html|title=Network TV is supposed to be getting more family-friendly, but…|journal=Knight Ridder/Tribune News Service|last=Heldenfels|first=R.D.|date=September 18, 1996|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180825155232/https://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-18682959.html|archive-date=August 25, 2018|url-status=dead|df=mdy-all}} {{subscription required}}</ref><ref name=”HighBeam10″>{{cite web|url=https://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-18792483.html|title=TV reduces violence. (UCLA study of television violence during 1995-96 season)|last=Rice|first=Lynette|date=October 21, 1996|work=[[Broadcasting & Cable]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180825155547/https://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-18792483.html|archive-date=August 25, 2018|url-status=dead|df=mdy-all}} {{subscription required}}</ref> During a 2013 interview with the [[Academy of Television Arts & Sciences]], Wolf referred to the decision to end ”Swift Justice” as a “cancellation error”, particularly since UPN did not have a drama with comparable ratings at the time.<ref name=”SourceUPN”>{{cite web|url=https://interviews.televisionacademy.com/shows/swift-justice|title=Dick Wolf on producing Swift Justice |date=January 10, 2013|publisher=[[Academy of Television Arts & Sciences]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180825235953/https://interviews.televisionacademy.com/shows/swift-justice|archive-date=August 25, 2018|url-status=live}}</ref> Following the show’s cancellation, when Wolf was casting for the television productions [[Players (1997 TV series)|”Players”]] and ”[[Exiled: A Law & Order Movie]]” in the late 1990s, he again hired Ice-T, who has noted that Wolf often collaborated with the same actors.<ref name=”IceBooks” />

US television program

Swift Justice is an American detective drama television series created by Dick Wolf and Richard Albarino. It aired for one season on United Paramount Network (UPN) from March 13 to July 17, 1996. It follows former Navy SEAL Mac Swift (James McCaffrey), a private investigator who was fired from the New York City Police Department. He receives support from his former partner Detective Randall Patterson (Gary Dourdan) and his father Al Swift (Len Cariou). Completed on a limited budget, episodes were filmed on location in New York.

Critics noted Swift Justice‘s emphasis on violence, specifically in the pilot episode‘s opening sequence, comparing it to the crime drama The Equalizer (1985–1989) and the 1988 film Die Hard. UPN canceled the program after receiving complaints from viewers, advertisers, and critics of its violent scenes. Wolf considered the cancellation a mistake due to the show’s good ratings. The series was praised for its visuals and McCaffrey’s performance, but criticized as being either too violent or formulaic.

A detective drama, Swift Justice follows Mac Swift (James McCaffrey), a former United States Navy SEAL who joins the New York City Police Department (NYPD).^[1][2] He is aided by his best friend and partner, Detective Randall Patterson (Gary Dourdan),^[1][3] but is frequently reprimanded by his police sergeant father Al Swift (Len Cariou) and other superiors, including Andrew Coffin (Giancarlo Esposito).^[1][2][3] The pilot episode focuses on Mac’s attempts to arrest a man (Skipp Sudduth) who runs a prostitution ring as part of a honey trap involving extortion, drugs, and credit card information.^[1][3] For the case, he collaborates with a prostitute, Annie (Kim Dickens), and becomes romantically involved with her. She turned to the profession to pay for her college tuition and her mother’s nursing home bills.^[1] When Annie is murdered, Mac’s behavior becomes increasingly erratic and violent,^[3] leading to his termination from the police department at the end of the pilot.^[1]

In subsequent episodes, Mac works as a private investigator who assists those “denied [help] because of the rules of conventional law enforcement”.^[2] He helps people by improving their chances against criminals in court, rather than by vigilantism.^[4] Portrayed as experienced with computers,^[2] Mac is financially stable due to royalty payments from software he has developed.^[1] He sets up an email address to receive messages from his clients.^[2] According to a publicity note from United Paramount Network (UPN), Mac relies on “technology, intellect, charisma[,] and muscle” to solve cases.^[5] The network promoted the character as “a true crime fighter of the technology-driven 90’s”.^[3] Throughout the season, Randall provides information about cases to Mac. Al is demoted from being a beat officer to working at a desk.^[2]

Storylines include a rock singer who is denied a divorce from her abusive husband, a woman whose son is kidnapped by her ex-husband, and a man who ties up and tortures his victims by driving them with golf balls.^[2][5] Guest appearances include Jennifer Garner,^[6] Drea de Matteo,^[7] and Ice-T.^[8] Many commentators noted the show’s use of violence,^[3][9][10] particularly that the pilot’s opening sequence involves nine deaths.^[9] Despite its frequent inclusion of violent scenes, the show does not show blood or gore.^[11] Critics compared the violence in Swift Justice to the crime drama The Equalizer and the 1988 action movie Die Hard,^[1][3][4] and the Orlando Sentinel‘s Hal Boedeker identified it as an “urban western“.^[5] Co-creator and executive producer Dick Wolf likened the series to “Batman without the mask”,^[3] and characterized its tone as politically incorrect.^[12] He based Mac on the gunfighter Paladin from Have Gun – Will Travel^[13] and compared his friendship with Randall to Martin Riggs‘ partnership with Roger Murtaugh in the Lethal Weapon films.^[14][15]

Produced by Wolf Films in association with Universal Television, Swift Justice was created by Wolf and Richard Albarino.^[1][16] According to New York‘s Maureen Callahan, the episodes, shot on location in New York,^[1] were low-budget productions.^[17] During filming, Jean-Claude La Marre, who guest starred as a hustler, was nearly arrested by a police officer. La Marre accused him of racial profiling. Representatives from Swift Justice and the NYPD did not comment on the incident.^[17] Rick Marotta produced the music, which Variety‘s Todd Everett described as having a good synthesizer- and percussion-based sound.^[1] Swift Justice was the first time that Gary Glasberg wrote for an hour-long television program. Referring to the experience as his “big break”, he would later be a showrunner for the police procedural NCIS.^[18]

Swift Justice was part of UPN’s “aggressive new spring schedule” that expanded the network’s programming to three nights per week.^[4] Picked up as a mid-season replacement,^[19] the series was broadcast on Wednesday nights at 9:00 pm EST.^[2] Thirteen episodes aired between March and July 1996.^[20] Rocky Mountain News‘ Dusty Saunders cited the series as an example of the network shifting toward action-adventure programming.^[21] Mediaweek‘s Scotty Dupree wrote that Swift Justice and The Sentinel were meant to attract a male audience, saying they were the only shows, aside from JAG, marketed to men on Wednesday nights.^[22] Wolf specified the target audiences of males as being aged 18 to 34.^[23]

Swift Justice‘s pilot episode was shown with a viewer advisory regarding its violence.^[15] During the show’s broadcast, watchdog organizations and viewers were critical of the representation of violence on television.^[3][5][24] UPN canceled Swift Justice, Nowhere Man, Minor Adjustments, and The Paranormal Borderline, in favor of black sitcoms.^[25] The network decided to remove Swift Justice from its schedule following viewer and advertiser complaints about its violence.^[26][27] During a 2013 interview with the Academy of Television Arts & Sciences, Wolf referred to the decision to end Swift Justice as a “cancellation error”, particularly since UPN did not have a drama with comparable ratings at the time.^[12] Following the show’s cancellation, when Wolf was casting for the television productions Players and Exiled: A Law & Order Movie in the late 1990s, he again hired Ice-T, who has noted that Wolf often collaborated with the same actors.^[8]

Critics praised Swift Justice for its visuals, although some criticized the storylines as unoriginal. Variety‘s Todd Everett and the Chicago Tribune‘s Steve Johnson found fault with the show for relying on clichés, but both enjoyed the look of the show.^[1][4] Everett wrote that Swift Justice was the most visually attractive program on UPN,^[1] and Johnson that it had “a visceral, close-to-the-streets feel”.^[4] Judy Nichols of The Christian Science Monitor likewise commented on the “fast-moving action” and “spurts of breakneck-pace camera work”.^[15] By contrast, The Boston Globe‘s Frederic M. Biddle felt the visuals alone could not carry the show,^[41][42] saying that they did not justify the frequent violence scenes.^[42] Biddle described the series as “utterly empty at its soul” underneath its “over the top in slick visuals”.^[41]

James McCaffrey and his character received a positive response from critics. The New York Times‘ John O’Connor praised the show for characterizing him as an action hero with a sensitive side.^[3] People‘s Tom Gliatto and The Virginian-Pilot‘s Larry Bonko singled out McCaffrey for his handsomeness.^[4][43] Gliatto described him as “handsome, but neither too impressed nor too pretty to buy as an action lead”,^[4] and Bonko called him attractively toughened.^[43] The Virginian-Pilot‘s Larry Bonko said casting him was a perfect choice.^[23]

The show’s frequent use of violence was criticized.^[9][10] Panning the premise as unrealistic, Scott D. Pierce of the Deseret News summed up the series as “full of violence, questionable messages, violence and more violence”.^[9] The San Francisco Chronicle‘s John Carman described Swift Justice as a “competent action show”, but felt that “it isn’t good enough to compensate for its excesses”.^[10] Some commentators criticized the series’ plot as generic.^[1][4][44] In their 2007 book Season Finale: The Unexpected Rise and Fall of The WB and UPN, Susanne Daniels and Cynthia Littleton dismissed Swift Justice as a “run-of-the-mill gumshoe drama”.^[44] Hal Boedeker of the Orlando Sentinel referred to the show as “an unpleasant throwback to the 1980s”.^[5] Howard Rosenberg, writing for the Los Angeles Times, was critical of the pilot episode for its plot holes,^[11] and Gliatto described the episodes as having “some of the dumbest villains in the annals of crime”.^[43]