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::[[bisdemethoxycurcumin]] ”[[C. amada]]” Roxb.<ref name=MRKR2510>{{cite journal|author1=Mahadevi R |author2=Kavitha R

::[[bisdemethoxycurcumin]] ”[[C. amada]]” Roxb.<ref name=MRKR2510>{{cite journal|author1=Mahadevi R |author2=Kavitha R

|title=Phytochemical and pharmacological properties of Curcuma amada: A Review|date=July 2020|journal=[[International Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences]]|volume=11|issue=3|publisher=JK Welfare & Pharmascope Foundation|doi=10.26452/ijrps.v11i3.2510}}</ref> <ref name=MJ>{{cite journal|author1=Maroua Jalouli|author2=Md Ataur Rahman|author3=Partha Biswas|author4=Hasanur Rahman|author5=Abdel Halim Harrath|author6=In-Seon Lee|author7=Sojin Kang|author8=Jinwon Choi|author9=Moon Nyeo Park|author10=Bonglee Kim|title=Targeting natural antioxidant polyphenols to protect neuroinflammation and neurodegenerative diseases: a comprehensive review: 2 Polyphenols’ pharmacological function to protect neuroinflammation and neurodegenerative diseases TABLE 1.|journal=[[Front Pharmacol.]]|date=24 January 2025|volume=16|issue=1492517|doi=10.3389/fphar.2025.1492517}}</ref> ”[[C. kwangsiensis]]” <ref name=Bmoc>{{cite web|url=https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/Bisdemethoxycurcumin|title=Compound Summary: Description|website=[[National Library of Medicine]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|author1=J Huang |display-authors=et al.|title=Novel biphenyl ether lignans from the rhizomes of Curcuma chuanyujin |url= https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/cpb1958/48/8/48_8_1228/_pdf|journal=[[Chem. Pharm. Bull.]]|volume=48|issue=8|date=2000}}</ref> (”syn.” ”[[C. chuanyujin]]” C.K.Hsieh & Hao Zhang), <ref>{{cite web|url=https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/77099223-1|title=Plants of the World Online|publisher=[[Royal Botanic Gardens Kew]]}}</ref> ”C. longa” <ref>{{cite journal|author1=Muhammed Majeed|display-authors=et al.|title=Subjective biosafety assessment of bisdemethoxycurcumin from the rhizomes of Curcuma longa|journal=[[Toxicology Mechanisms and Methods]]|volume= 34|date=2024|doi=10.1080/15376516.2024.2326000}}</ref> ”[[Curcuma zanthorrhiza]]” <ref name=Bmoc/>

|title=Phytochemical and pharmacological properties of Curcuma amada: A Review|date=July 2020|journal=[[International Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences]]|volume=11|issue=3|publisher=JK Welfare & Pharmascope Foundation|doi=10.26452/ijrps.v11i3.2510}}</ref> <ref name=MJ>{{cite journal|author1=Maroua Jalouli|author2=Md Ataur Rahman|author3=Partha Biswas|author4=Hasanur Rahman|author5=Abdel Halim Harrath|author6=In-Seon Lee|author7=Sojin Kang|author8=Jinwon Choi|author9=Moon Nyeo Park|author10=Bonglee Kim|title=Targeting natural antioxidant polyphenols to protect neuroinflammation and neurodegenerative diseases: a comprehensive review: 2 Polyphenols’ pharmacological function to protect neuroinflammation and neurodegenerative diseases TABLE 1.|journal=[[Front Pharmacol.]]|date=24 January 2025|volume=16|issue=1492517|doi=10.3389/fphar.2025.1492517}}</ref> ”[[C. kwangsiensis]]” <ref name=Bmoc>{{cite web|url=https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/Bisdemethoxycurcumin|title=Compound Summary: Description|website=[[National Library of Medicine]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|author1=J Huang |display-authors=et al.|title=Novel biphenyl ether lignans from the rhizomes of Curcuma chuanyujin |url= https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/cpb1958/48/8/48_8_1228/_pdf|journal=[[Chem. Pharm. Bull.]]|volume=48|issue=8|date=2000}}</ref> (”syn.” ”[[C. chuanyujin]]” C.K.Hsieh & Hao Zhang), <ref>{{cite web|url=https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/77099223-1|title=Plants of the World Online|publisher=[[Royal Botanic Gardens Kew]]}}</ref> ”C. longa” <ref>{{cite journal|author1=Muhammed Majeed|display-authors=et al.|title=Subjective biosafety assessment of bisdemethoxycurcumin from the rhizomes of Curcuma longa|journal=[[Toxicology Mechanisms and Methods]]|volume= 34|date=2024|doi=10.1080/15376516.2024.2326000}}</ref> ”[[Curcuma zanthorrhiza]]” <ref name=Bmoc/>

::[[curcumin]] <ref name=PM/>

::[[curcumin]] <ref name=PM/>

::[[demethoxycurcumin]] <ref name=PM/> ”C. amada” <ref name=MRKR2510/>

::[[demethoxycurcumin]] <ref name=PM/> ”C. amada” <ref name=MRKR2510/>

Latest revision as of 12:27, 30 November 2025

Polyphenols are a class of phytochemicals that have antioxidant properties [1][2] (modulate oxidative stress – [3] are antioxidant systems with possible application as redox medicine [4]).

In a survey of total polyphenol content of 100 foods including fruits, vegetables, beans and bean products, cereals, wine, tea, spices and herbs, cloves were found to have the most (ranked 1st) with dried peppermint (2nd) having a similar range (10000 range mg/ml per 100 g); star anise was found to have the 3rd most polyphenol quantity – in a similar range (1000s mg/ml per 100g) 4th: cocoa powder, 5th: dried Mexican oregano, 6th: celery seed, 7th: black chokeberry. [5]

Polyphenols: groups based on the strength of the phenolic ring. [6]
Flavonoids: 14 subclasses based on the degree of oxidation of the heterocyclic ring. [7]

Coumarins [8][9] tonka bean, [a] sweet clover, [b] chinese cinnamon [c] – risk of exceeding the tolerable daily intake (1mg per 12.5 kg body weight per day) [13]
aesculin [8] syn. esculin [14] (6-β-glucoside-7-hydroxycoumarin) [15] [d] dried bark of: Fraxinus chinensis subsp. rhynchophylla Hance., Fraxinus chinensis Roxb., Fraxinus chinensis subsp. chinensis, Fraxinus stylosa Lingelsh [15][16]
psoralen [8]
umbelliferone [8]
Curcuminoid curcuma longa rhizome [17] [e]
bisdemethoxycurcumin C. amada Roxb.[19] [20] C. kwangsiensis [21][22] (syn. C. chuanyujin C.K.Hsieh & Hao Zhang), [23] C. longa [24] Curcuma zanthorrhiza [21]
curcumin [17]
demethoxycurcumin [17] C. amada [19]
Flavonoid: [25][6][26]
2-phenylchromans [27][28]
Anthocyanins – noncomprehensive known most quantity: 750mg / 100 g−1: aubergine [29]
Apigeninidin [30] (traditional name) syn. apigenidin: corn [31]
Cyanidin [32] noncomprehensive known most quantity: berries, especially within blueberries: 558.3 mg/100 g [33][29]
3,5-O-diglucoside [32]
3-O-
[2-O-(6-O-E-caffeoyl-β-D-glucopyanosyl)]-{6-O-[4-O-(6-O-E-3,5-dihydroxycinnamoyl-β-D-glucopyranosyl)-E-caffeoyl]-β-D-glucopyranosyl}-5-O-β-D-glucopyranoside [34]
(2-O-(6-O-(E)-caffeoyl-D glucoside)-D-glucoside)-5-O-D-glucoside [32]
[2-O-(6-O-E-coumaroyl-β-D-glucopyanosyl)]-{6-O-[4-O-(6-O-E-coumaroyl-β-D-glucopyranosyl)-E-caffeoyl]-β-D-glucopyranosyl}-5-O-β-D-glucopyranoside [35]
(3,6-O-dimalonyl-glucoside) [32]
(6-acetyl-galactoside) [32]
(6-acetyl-glucoside) [32]
(6-caffeoyl-glucoside) [32]
(6-dioxalyl-glucoside) [32]
(6-malonyl-3-glucosyl-glucoside) [32]
(6-malonyl-glucoside) [32]
(6-p-coumaroyl-glucoside) [32]
(6-succinyl-glucoside) [32]
arabinoside [32]
diglucoside-5-O-glucoside [32]
galactoside [32]
glucoside [32]
glucosyl-rutinoside [32]
rutinoside [32]
sambubioside [32]
sambubioside 5-O-glucoside [32]
sophoroside [32]
xyloside [32]
xylosyl-rutinoside [32]
4′-O-Methylcyanidin 3-O-D-glucoside [32]
delphinidin [36]
3,3′,5′-triglucoside [37] (ternatins [f]) C. ternatea [38]
3,5-O-diglucoside [32]
3-O-
(6-acetyl-galactoside) [32]
(6-acetyl-glucoside) [32]
(6-p-coumaroyl-glucoside) [32]
arabinoside [32]
feruloyl-glucoside [32]
galactoside [32]
glucoside [32]
glucosyl-glucoside [32]
rutinoside [32]
sambubioside [32]
xyloside [32]
4-O-Methyldelphinidin 3-O-D-glucoside [32]
4′-O-Methyldelphinidin 3-O-rutinoside [32]
Isopeonidin
3-O-
arabinoside [32]
galactoside [32]
glucoside [32]
rutinoside [32]
sambubioside [32]
xyloside [32]
malvidin [36]
3,5-O-diglucoside [32]
3-O-
(6-acetyl-galactoside) [32]
(6-acetyl-glucoside) [32]
(6-caffeoyl-glucoside) [32]
(6-p-coumaroyl-glucoside) [32]
rabinoside [32]
galactoside [32]
glucoside [32]
pelargonidin [36]
3,5-O-diglucoside [32]
3-O-
(6-malonyl-glucoside) [32]
(6-succinyl-glucoside) [32]
arabinoside [32]
galactoside [32]
glucoside [32]
glucosyl-rutinoside [32]
rutinoside [32]
sambubioside [32]
sophoroside [32]
Peonidin [32]
3,5-O-diglucoside [32]
3-O-
(2-O-(6-O-(E)-caffeoyl-D-glucosyl)-D-glucoside)-5-O-D-glucoside [32]
(6-acetyl-galactoside) [32]
(6-acetyl-glucoside) [32]
(6-p-coumaroyl-glucoside) [32]
arabinoside [32]
diglucoside-5-O-glucoside [32]
galactoside [32]
glucoside [32]
rutinoside [32]
sambubioside [32]
sambubioside-5-O-glucoside [32]
sophoroside [32]
xyloside [32]
Petunidin
3-O-
(6-acetyl-galactoside) [32]
(6-acetyl-glucoside) [32]
(6-p-coumaroyl-glucoside) [32]
arabinoside [32]
galactoside [32]
glucoside [32]
rhamnoside [32]
rutinoside [32]
Pigment A [32]
Pinotin A [32]
Vitisin A [32]
Aurones [7][39]
Chalcones [40]
Natural [40][41]
2′,4′-dihydroxychalcone [40] Oxytropis chiliophylla Benth. [42][43][44] O. falcata Bunge [45]
2′,6′-dihydroxy-4′-methoxychalcone [40]
2′-hydroxy-2,4,4′,6′-tetramethoxychalcone [40]
2′-hydroxy-2,3,4,4′,6′-pentamethoxychalcone [40]
3,2′-dihydroxy-2,4,4′,6′-tetramethoxychalcone [40]
3,4,2′,4′-tetrahydroxychalcone 4′-O-β-D-glucopyranoside [40]
4-hydroxychalcone [40]
4′-hydroxychalcone [40]
4-methoxychalcone [41]
arbutin [41]
Butein [40]
Calomelanone [40]
chalconaringenin [41]
Dihydrochalcone diglycoside [40]
Dimethyl-cardamonin [40]
Echinantin [40]
Flavokawain B [40]
Flavokawain C [40]
Lophirones B [40]
Lophirones C [40]
Homobutein [40]
Isoliquiritigenin [40]
Isosalipurposide [40]
Kamalachalcone E [40]
Licochalcone A [40]
Licochalcone B [40]
Licochalcone C [40]
Licochalcone D [40]
Licochalcone G [40]
Lonchocarpin [40]
Mallotophilippens C [40]
Mallotophilippens D [40]
Mallotophilippens E [40]
Naringenin chalcone [40]
phlioridzin [41]
phloretin [41]
Rottlerin [40]
Xanthoangelol [40] Angelica keiskei [46]
Xanthoangelols B [40] ((E)-1-[2,4-dihydroxy-3-[(2E)-6-hydroxy-3,7-dimethylocta-2,7-dienyl]phenyl]-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)prop-2-en-1-one [47])
Xanthoangelols D [40]
Xanthoangelols E [40]
Xanthoangelols F [40]
Xanthoangelols G [40]
Xanthodeistal [40]
Synthetic [40]
1,1-bis-[(3′,4′-N-(urenylphenyl)-3-(3″,4″,5″-trimethoxyphenyl)]-2-propen-1-one (dimeric derivative group) [40]
1-(2,3,4-trimethoxyphenyl)-3-(3-(2-chloroquinolinyl)-2-propen-1-one [40]
1-(2-benzyloxy-6-hydroxyphenyl)-3-(5-bromo-2-methoxyphenyl)-propenone (O-benzyl-substituted group) [40]
1-(4-benzimidazol-1-yl-phenyl)-3-(2, 4-dimethoxy-phenyl)-propen-1-one [40]
1-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-3-(4-methoxyphenyl)propan-1-one [40]
2′,5′-dihydroxy-2-furfurylchalcone [40]
2′,4-dihydroxy-6′-isopentyloxychalcone [40]
2,2′-hydroxychalcone [40]
2,3,4-trimethoxy-2′-hydroxychalcone [40]
2′,3′,4′-trihydroxychalcone [40]
2′,4′-dihydroxy-6-methoxy-3,5-dimethylchalcone [40]
2′,5′-dihydroxy2-naphthylchalcone [40]
2-chloro-4′,6′-dimethoxy-2′-hydroxychalcone [40]
(2E)-1-(2,5-dimethoxy-phenyl)-3-(1-naphthyl)-2-propene-1-one [40]
(2E)-3-(2-naphthyl)-1-(3′-methoxy-4′-hydroxy-phenyl)-2-propen-1-one [40]
2-hydroxy-3′,5,5′-trimethoxychalcone (DK-139) [40]
2′-hydroxy-4-methoxychalcone (AN07) [40]
3-(2,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-1-(5-methylfuran-2-yl)prop-2-en-1-one (DMPF-1) [40]
3,5-bis(4-methylphenyl)-1-(phenylsulfonyl)-4,5-dihydro-1H-pyrazole [40]
3′-bromo-3,4-dimethoxychalcone [40]
3-phenyl-1-(2,4,6- tris(methoxymethoxy)phenyl)prop-2-yn-1-one [40]
4,2′,4′-trihydroxychalcone [40]
(4-(3-(2-fluorophenyl)acryloyl)phenyl)amino)-2-oxoethyl)-N,N-dimethyloctan-1-aminium chloride) [40]
4,5-dihydro-1-phenyl-3,5-dip-tolyl-1H-pyrazole [40]
4,5-dihydro-3,5-dip-tolylpyrazole-1-carbothioamide [40]
4,5-dihydro-3,5-dip-tolylpyrazole-1-carboxamide [40]
(4,5-dihydro-3,5-dip-tolylpyrazol-1-yl)(phenyl)methanone [40]
chalcone-1,2,3-triazole hybrids [48]
Chalcone 195 (synthetic) [40]
Chalcone 47 (Chalcone-phenylpyran-2-one derivatives bearing a N,N-dimethyl ethylamine side chain) [40]
Chalcone acetamides [49]
chalcone sulphonamides [40]
Chromanochalcones [40]
chromenochalcones [40]
chromeno-dehydrochalcones [40]
(E)-1-;[B2-hydroxy-4-methoxy-3-(morpholinomethyl)phenyl];-3-(pyridin-2-yl)prop-2-en-1-one (heterocyclic) [40]
(E)-1-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-3-(4-methyl-phenyl)-prop-2-en-1-one [40]
(E)-1,3-dip-tolylprop-2-en-1-one [40]
(E)-1-(4-aminophenyl)-3-(2,3-dimethoxyphenyl)-prop-2-en-1-one [40]
(E)-1-(4-aminophenyl)-3-(phenylprop-2-en-1-one) [40]
(E)-1-[4-ethoxy-2-hydroxy-5-(morpholinomethyl)phenyl]-3-(pyridin-2-yl)prop-2-en-1-one) (Heterocyclic) [40]
(E)-1-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-3-(4-methoxyphenyl)prop-2-en-1-one [40]
(E)-1-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-3-phenylprop-2-en-1-one [40]
(E)-2-(3′,4′-dimethoxy-benzylidene)-1-tetralone [40]
(E)-2-(4′-methoxybenzylidene)-1-benzosuberone [40]
(E)-2,6-difluoro-4′-methoxychalcone (L6H9) [40]
(E)-3-(4-methoxyphenyl)-2-methyl-1-(3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl)prop-2-en-1-one [40]
(E)-N-(2-((4-(3-(2-fluorophenyl)acryloyl)phenyl)amino)-2-oxoethyl)-N,N-dimethyloctan-1-aminium chloride (cationic) [40]
(E)-N-(2-((4-cinnamoylphenyl)amino)-2-oxoethyl)-N,N-dimethyloctan-1-aminium chloride (cationic) [40]
licochalcones [40]
morachalcones [40]
prenylated chalcones [40]
Quinolinone-chalcone derivatives [40]
quinolinyl chalcones [40]
quinoxaline chalcones [40]
Dihydrochalcones [50]
2′,4′-dihydroxydihydrochalcone-4-O-β-D-glucopyranoside [51]
3-hydroxyphloretin [51]
3-hydroxyphlorizin [51]
3′-O-β-d-glucopyranosyl [51]
α,β-dihydroxantohumol [51]
aspalathin [51]
balsacone A [51]
balsacone B [51]
balsacone C [51]
dihydroisorcordoin [51]
elastichalcone C [51]
evelynin A [51]
evelynin B [51]
hesperetin-7-O-glucoside [51]
hesperetin dihydrochalcone-7-O-glucoside [51]
isopanduratin [51]
naringin dihydrochalcone [51]
neohesperidin dihydrochalcone [51]
nothofagin [51]
panduratin [51]
phloretin [51]
phloretin 2′-xyloglucosid [51]
phlorizin [51]
prunin [51]
sakenin F [51]
sakenin H [51]
sieboldin [51]
trilobatin [51]
zornioside [51]
Dihydroflavonols [50]
dihydrokaempferol [52]
dihydromyricetin [52]
dihydroquercetin [52]
Flavanols apple, tea [36]
Flavan-3,4-ols [53]
Flavan-3-ols [53]
afzelechin [53]
(+)-afzelechin Zizyphus jujuba Mill. var. spinosa root [54]
(−)-afzelechin Astilbe rivularis rhizome [55]
afzelechin-5-O-β-d-glucopyranoside [53]
afzelechin-7-O-β-d-glucopyranoside [53]
catechin: [36] tea leaves, beans, black grapes, cherries, cacao [56]
3′- deoxycatechin-3-O-α-l-rhamnopyranoside [53]
3′-O-methylcatechin-5-O-β-d-glucopyranoside [53]
4′-O-methylcatechin 5-O-β-d-glucopyranoside [53]
catechin-5-O-β-d-glucoside [53]
epicatechin [36][57]
epigallocatechin [36][57]
epigallocatechin gallate / [20] epigallocatechin-3-gallate: green tea [57]
gallocatechin[53]
fisetinidol [53]
glausan-3 [36]
proanthocyanidins [36][58]
A-type [59]
B-type [59]
robinetinidol [53]
Flavan-4-ols [53]
Flavanones [29] orange juice, grapefruit juice, lemon juice [29]
eriodictyol [60]
hesperidin [36]
liquiritigenin [60]
naringenin [36]
naringin [36]
pinocembrin [60]
taxifolin [36]
Flavones [29] parsley, celery [29]
apigenin [36] (4,’5,7-trihydroxyflavone) most quantity in selected foods sampled: dried Petroselinum crispum [61][62][63] most quantity in dried forms [62][64] mean 215.46 (maximum 630) mg/100 (confidence level (CL): 74-50 CL range is 0-100=least-most) [63]
chrysin [36]
glucosidestangeretin [36]
luteolin [36]
rutin [36]
Flavonols [29] yellow onion, curly kale, leek, cherry tomato, brocolli, blueberry [29]
Monomeric flavanols chocolate, beans, apricot [29]
isorhamnetin [65]
kaempferol [36]
myricetin [36]
quercetin [36]
tamarixetin [36]
3-phenylchromans [27][28]
Isoflavonoids [27][41]
isoflavans [27]
Isoflavan-4-ols [53]
isoflavones [27]
Isoflavones [29] soy flour, boiled soybeans, miso, tofu, tempeh, soy milk [29]
daidzein [36]
genistein [36]
pterocarpans [27][39]
4-phenylchromen [41] / 4-phenylcoumarin [66]
Neoflavonoids [41][66]
4-arylcoumarins (neoflavones) [66]
4-arylchromanes [66]
dalbergiones [66]
dalbergiquinols [66]
Lignans [67][6][26]
lariciresinol [67]
matairesinol [67]
pinoresinol [67]
secoisolariciresinol diglucoside [67]
Phenolic acids:[67][6][26]
hydroxybenzoic acids: blackberry, raspberry, black currant [29]
2,3-Dihydroxybenzoic acid [68]
2,4-Dihydroxybenzoic acid [68]
2,6-Dihydroxybenzoic acid [68]
2-Hydroxybenzoic acid [68] (salicylic acid) [69] first, second, third most [g] (333 foods sampled): paprika hot powder 203 mg/1OOg, thyme leaves dried: 183 mg, turmeric: 76.4 [70]
2-Hydroxyhippuric acid [68]
3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid (protocatechuic acid) [71][72]
3,4-O-Dimethylgallic acid [68]
3,5-Dihydroxybenzoic acid [68]
3-Hydroxybenzoic acid [68]
3-Hydroxyhippuric acid [68]
3-O-Methylgallic acid [68]
4-Hydroxybenzoic acid [68]
4-Hydroxybenzoic acid 4-O-glucoside [68]
4-Hydroxyhippuric acid [68]
4-O-Methylgallic acid [68]
5-O-Galloylquinic acid [68]
gallic acid: crocus sativus L.[73][74]
Ellagic acid glucoside [68]
Ellagic acid [68]
Ellagic acid acetyl-arabinoside [68]
Ellagic acid acetyl-xyloside [68]
Ellagic acid arabinoside [68]
Gallic acid 3-O-gallate [68]
Gallic acid 4-O-glucoside [68]
Gallic acid ethyl ester [68]
Gallagic acid [68]
Galloyl glucose [68]
Gentisic acid [68]
Hippuric acid [68]
Lambertianin C [68]
Paeoniflorin [68]
Protocatechuic acid 4-O-glucoside [68]
Punicalagin [68]
Punicalin [68]
Sanguiin H-6 [68]
Syringic acid [68]
Valoneic acid dilactone [68]
Vanillic acid [68]
Vanillic acid 4-sulfate [68]
hydroxycinnamic acids: blueberry, kiwi, cherry, plum [29]
1,2,2′-Triferuloylgentiobiose [75]
1,2,2′-Trisinapoylgentiobiose [75]
1,2-Diferuloylgentiobiose [75]
1,2′-Disinapoyl-2-feruloylgentiobiose [75]
1,2-Disinapoylgentiobiose [75]
1,5-Dicaffeoylquinic acid [75]
1,5-Diferuloylquinic acid [75]
1-Caffeoyl-5-feruloylquinic acid [75]
1-Feruloyl-5-caffeoylquinic acid [75]
1-Sinapoyl-2,2′-diferuloylgentiobiose [75]
1-Sinapoyl-2-feruloylgentiobiose [75]
2,5-di-S-Glutathionyl caftaric acid [75]
2-S-Glutathionyl caftaric acid [75]
3,4-Dicaffeoylquinic acid [75]
3,4-Diferuloylquinic acid [75]
3,5-Dicaffeoylquinic acid [75]
3,5-Diferuloylquinic acid [75]
3-Caffeoylquinic acid [75]
3-Feruloylquinic acid [75]
3-O-Methylrosmarinic acid [75]
3-p-Coumaroylquinic acid [75]
3-Sinapoylquinic acid [75]
4,5-Dicaffeoylquinic acid [75]
4-Caffeoylquinic acid [75]
4-Feruloylquinic acid [75]
4-p-Coumaroylquinic acid [75]
4-Sinapoylquinic acid [75]
5-5′-Dehydrodiferulic acid [75]
5-8′-Benzofuran dehydrodiferulic acid [75]
5-8′-Dehydrodiferulic acid [75]
5-Caffeoylquinic acid [75]
5-Feruloylquinic acid [75]
5-p-Coumaroylquinic acid [75]
5-Sinapoylquinic acid [75]
8-O-4′-Dehydrodiferulic acid [75]
24-Methylcholestanol ferulate [75]
24-Methylcholesterol ferulate [75]
24-Methylenecholestanol ferulate [75]
24-Methyllathosterol ferulate [75]
Avenanthramide 2c [75]
Avenanthramide 2f [75]
Avenanthramide 2p [75]
Avenanthramide K [75]
caffeic acid [76]
Caffeic acid 4-sulfate [75]
Caffeic acid 3-sulfate [75]
Caffeic acid ethyl ester [75]
Caffeic acid 3-O-glucuronide [75]
Caffeic acid 4-O-glucuronide [75]
Caffeic acid 4-O-glucoside [75]
Caffeoyl aspartic acid [75]
Caffeoyl C1-glucuronide [75]
Caffeoyl glucose [75]
Caffeoyl tartaric acid [75]
Chicoric acid [75]
chlorogenic acid; [77] isomers of: cryptochlorogenic acid, cynarin, isochlorogenic acid A, isochlorogenic acid B, isochlorogenic acid C [67]
Cinnamic acid [75]
Cinnamoyl glucose [75]
ferulic acid [67]
Ferulic acid 4-O-glucuronide [75]
Ferulic acid 4-O-glucoside [75]
Ferulic acid 4-sulfate [75]
Feruloyl C1-glucuronide [75]
Feruloyl glucose [75]
Feruloyl tartaric acid [75]
Feruloylglycine [75]
Hydroxycaffeic acid [75]
Isoferulic acid [75]
Isoferulic acid 3-O-glucuronide [75]
Isoferulic acid 3-sulfate [75]
Isoferuloyl C1-glucuronide [75]
m-Coumaric acid [75]
o-Coumaric acid [75]
p-Coumaric acid [75]
p-Coumaric acid 4-O-glucoside [75]
p-Coumaric acid ethyl ester [75]
p-Coumaroyl glycolic acid [75]
p-Coumaroyl glucose [75]
p-Coumaroyl malic acid [75]
p-Coumaroyl tartaric acid [75]
p-Coumaroyl tartaric acid glucosidic ester [75]
p-Coumaroyl tyrosine [75]
p-Coumaroylquinic acid [75]
Rosmarinic acid [75]
Schottenol ferulate [75]
Sinapic acid [75]
Sinapine [75]
Sitosterol ferulate [75]
Stigmastanol ferulate [75]
Verbascoside [75]
Hydroxyphenylacetic acids [78]
2-Hydroxy-2-phenylacetic acid [79]
2-Hydroxyphenylacetic acid [79]
3,4-Dihydroxyphenylacetic acid [79]
3-Hydroxyphenylacetic acid [79]
4-Hydroxymandelic acid [79]
4-Hydroxyphenylacetic acid [79]
Homovanillic acid [79]
Homovanillic acid 4-sulfate [79]
Homoveratric acid [79]
Methoxyphenylacetic acid [79]
Phenacetylglycine [79]
Phenylacetic acid [79]
Hydroxyphenylpentanoic acids [78]
3-Hydroxyphenylvaleric acid [80]
4-Hydroxy-(3′,4′-dihydroxyphenyl)valeric acid [80]
5-(3′,4′,5′-trihydroxyphenyl)-γ-valerolactone [80]
5-(3′,4′,-dihydroxyphenyl)-γ-valerolactone [80]
5-(3′,4′-dihydroxyphenyl)-valeric acid [80]
5-(3′,5′-dihydroxyphenyl)-γ-valerolactone [80]
5-(3′,5′-dihydroxyphenyl)-γ-valerolactone 3-O-glucuronide [80]
5-(3′-Methoxy-4′-hydroxyphenyl)-γ-valerolactone [80]
Hydroxyphenylpropanoic acids [78]
3-(3,4-Dihydroxyphenyl)-2-methoxypropionic acid [81]
3,4-Dihydroxyphenyllactic acid methyl ester [81]
3-Hydroxy-3-(3-hydroxyphenyl)propionic acid [81]
3-Hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyllactic acid [81]
3-Hydroxyphenylpropionic acid [81]
3-Methoxy-4-hydroxyphenyllactic acid [81]
3-Phenylpropionic acid [81]
4-Hydroxyphenyl-2-propionic acid [81]
Danshensu [81]
Dihydrocaffeic acid [81]
Dihydro-p-coumaric acid [81]
Dihydrocaffeic acid 3-O-glucuronide [81]
Dihydrocaffeic acid 3-sulfate [81]
Dihydroferulic acid [81]
Dihydroferulic acid 4-O-glucuronide [81]
Dihydroferulic acid 4-sulfate [81]
Dihydroferuloylglycine [81]
Dihydrosinapic acid [81]
Hydroxydanshensu [81]
Phenylethanoid glucosides [82]
verbascoside: olive [83]
Polyphenolic Amides [84][85]
anthranilic acid amides (avenanthramides) Avena sativa [86]
Secoiridoid [83]
oleuropein: olive [87][83]
Stilbenes [67][6][26]
pallidol [88]
resveratrol:[67] japanese knotweed [88]
trans-delta-viniferin [88]
trans–piceatannol [88]
Tannins [26]
ellagitannins [89]
Xanthones [90]
bis-xanthones [91]
prenylated xanthone [91]
simple xanthones [91]
xanthone glucosides / glycosylated xanthones [91]
mangiferin mangifera indica [20][92]
xanthonolignoids [91]
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Alfonso Pompella, Helmut Sies, Roland Wacker, Fred Brouns, Tilman Grune, Hans Konrad Biesalski, Jan Frank The use of total antioxidant capacity as surrogate marker for food quality and its effect on health is to be discouraged Nutrition Volume 30, Issues 7–8, July–August 2014 “Many phytochemicals, for example, are poorly absorbed and rapidly metabolized into molecules with altered physicochemical, and therefore biological, properties. Consequently, the use of TAC assays for the in vitro assessment of antioxidant quality of food, which often is employed as a marketing argument or for the assessment of the “wholesomeness” of food, is to be discouraged…Other antioxidant food components, including flavonoids, phenolic acids, and other phytochemicals, however, may not act as antioxidants within the organism, because they undergo extensive first-pass metabolism in the intestine and liver during which redox-active hydroxyl groups are conjugated with functional groups (e.g., glucuronic acids, sulfate, methyl substituents), which abolishes their antioxidant function. In addition and in contrast with ascorbic acid and α-tocopherol, which are absorbed well, the uptake of plant polyphenols is limited and only a few percent of the ingested dose is typically taken up into the body”

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