[[File:Female Western Calligrapher.webm|thumb|thumbtime=181|center|Female [[Toxomerus occidentalis|Western Calligrapher]] on [[zinnia]] taking [[pollen]] and [[nectar]]. Insert shows entire visit at 3X speed. Some portions of main video shown at one-tenth speed.]]
[[File:Female Western Calligrapher.webm|thumb|thumbtime=181|center|Female [[Toxomerus occidentalis|Western Calligrapher]] on [[zinnia]] taking [[pollen]] and [[nectar]]. Insert shows entire visit at 3X speed. Some portions of main video shown at one-tenth speed.]]
[[File:Female Margined calligrapher.webm|thumb|thumbtime=38|center|[[Female]] [[Toxomerus marginatus|margined calligrapher fly]] consuming [[pollen]] from [[zinnia]] [[Pseudanthium|florets]]. A portion shown at one-tenth speed.]]
== Coleoptera (Beetles) ==
== Coleoptera (Beetles) ==
Dennis has had a lifelong interest in insects. First collecting them when eight or nine, later photographing them.
My interest in insect behavior led me to video, 3-D video and high-speed video.
My interest in becoming a Wikimedia editor is to add video clips to existing pages illustrating that insect’s behavior.
Larva eating horsenettle leaves and stems. Notice the embedded leaf prickles that extend through the leaf that the larvae avoid while chewing. Last shows beetles internals through transparent exoskeleton
Single paper wasp foundress establishes her nest, adding cells, renewing repellent on the pedicle. She has already laid eggs in several of the incomplete cells and continually checks the nest and cells
Foundress’ nest raided by a rat, beetle or other predator. Nest was previously photographed eleven days earlier when there were five eggs. If the foundress survived, she would start a new nest at a different location
Worker adding additional matrial to expand nest
Water is brought to the nest for the larvae
Masticated caterpillar portion brought to nest and fed to the larvae
Wasps fanning the nest with their wings to provide breeze/cooling
Queen replacing an egg that was either not viable or laid by a worker
Wasps bring water to place in nest to provide cooling by evaporation
Paper wasps disturbed by hits to their nest support.]]
End of season: Male wasps mature and leave, nest shuts down leaving nest empty.
Yellowjacket wasps can be very aggressive if disturbed. Here the ground was pounded next to their nest—with sound
Yellowjacket wasps are disturbed, but not enough to swarm around their nest entrance—with sound. The response is down to one wasp after seven minutes
Yellowjacket wasps using a stone as a landmark to navigate to their nest entrance. When the stone moved, they continued for a time to return orienting with the stone
Yellowjacket response when a leaf blocks their entrance–with sound
Very late in season, nearly every morning is too cold for the yellowjackets to forage. In another several weeks all are dead—except the new queens sheltering somewhere else
Sphex digger wasp nectaring on Queen Anne’s Lace; replayed at one tenth speed.Parasitized white cabbage larvae showing wasp larvae exiting its body, spinning cocoons. Playback at double speed. Adult wasps at normal speed.A milkweed aphid pushes the sticky wax drop from its cornicle against an attacking parasitic wasp, extruding another drop. Two scenes at one-tenth speed. A different aphid has captured a wasp.
leafcutter bee taking flight. The front and rear wings hook together on the first wing stroke. 6,000 fps played at 30 fps.]] and repeated at eight frames a second
Leafcutter bee taking flight from Great Valley gumplant. Its left pair of wings have not hooked together resulting in the hind wing not contributing to lift and the bee holding its legs to the right.
Male Megachile, leaf-cutting bees, discouraging honeybees from visiting their common sunflower perch and nectar source. Portions repeated at one-tenth and one twenty-fifth speed.
Large milkweed bug flying, repeated at one fifteenth speed
Large milkweed bug molting from third to fourth instar. Scenes of the molting followed by the entire molt at fifteen times speed. Last is superposition before to just after molt showing the increased size already
Early instar large milkweed bugs on milkweed late in the season
Cabbage white emerging from egg and starting to eat broccoli leaf.
Second instar larvae eating. Speeded up 50 times to illustrate feeding behavior. Nearly transparent body shows internal digestion.
Second instar larvae sheds skin in under 20 minutes.
Cabbage white larvae eating remainder of a broccoli leaf. Six hours speeded up one hundred times.
Segments of the last two hours of the Cabbage white larvae shedding its 4th instar skin. It started a few hours earlier. The integument has already pulled away from its head capsule as this video starts.
Fifth instar white cabbage larvae walking on broccoli stem and on glass, showing it laying down silk it then walks on.
Parasitized white cabbage larvae showing wasp larvae exiting its body, spinning cocoons. Playback at double speed. Adult wasps at normal speed.
White cabbage larvae shedding skin, becoming a chrysalis. Recorded over fifteen hours. Closeups at two times speed. Other clips at ten times speed.
Cabbage white emerging from chrysalis into an adult.
White cabbage butterflies flying. Later clips in slow motion.
1) Fourth-instar Monarch larvae killed and being consumed by a stink (shield) bug. 2) Mature fifth_instar larvae jerks to dislodge a large milkweed bug (a herbivore). 3) Fourth-instar arvae killed by insect parasitoids, non-insect parasites or a pathogen
This wavy-lined emerald moth not only hides visually but is masked from the chemical sensors on this crab spider’s front legs..Wavy-lined emerald moth is an inchworm. It defensively bumps insects that get too close to it.The milkweed tiger moth larvae (23 mm long) consuming common milkweed.
Black-horned tree cricket bats away a hover bee (could have been a parasite or predator) with its antenna (replayed in slow speed). Later a cricket sings.
Dragonfly returns to same perch each time it darts out to catch very small flying prey.Dragonflies over a pond (including female inserting eggs below the water surface.
Crab spider on Queen Ann’s laceCrab spider jumps with safety line, on yellow ironweed. Repeated at variable slow motion to better see silk line. Spider probably Misumessus oblongus.
Two ants and a Castianeira longipalpa investigate a tiger beetle larvae shaft just after the beetle larvae pulled an ant down to consume. Part repeated at one tenth speed.
Milkweed leaf beetle larvae consuming horsenettle. The leaves contain embedded leaf prickles that extend through the leaf protecting it from many herbivores.
