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The ”’Battle of Ratanpur”'<ref name=”:1″>{{Cite book |last=Jaques |first=Tony |url=https://books.google.com/books/about/Dictionary_of_Battles_and_Sieges.html?id=EbLOEAAAQBAJ#v=onepage&q=Ratanpur&f=false |title=Dictionary of Battles and Sieges: A Guide to 8,500 Battles from Antiquity through the Twenty-first Century [3 volumes] |date=2006-11-30 |publisher=Bloomsbury Publishing USA |isbn=978-0-313-02799-4 |pages=842 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books/about/Journal_of_Historical_Research.html?id=lw1DAAAAYAAJ#battle%20of%20Ratanpur%201720 |title=Journal of Historical Research |date=1973 |publisher=Department of History, Ranchi University. |pages=45 |language=en}}</ref> or ”’Battle of Pandhar”'<ref>{{Cite book |last=Peabody |first=Norbert |url=https://books.google.com/books/about/Hindu_Kingship_and_Polity_in_Precolonial.html?id=5YZvuz6EGgcC#v=onepage&q=battle%20of%20Ratanpur%201720&f=false |title=Hindu Kingship and Polity in Precolonial India |date=2003 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-0-521-46548-9 |publication-date=2003 |pages=21 |language=en}}</ref> or ”’Battle of Husainpur”'<ref>{{Cite book |last=Jaques |first=Tony |url=https://books.google.com/books/about/Dictionary_of_Battles_and_Sieges.html?id=EbLOEAAAQBAJ#v=onepage&q=Ratanpur&f=false |title=Dictionary of Battles and Sieges: A Guide to 8,500 Battles from Antiquity through the Twenty-first Century [3 volumes] |date=2006-11-30 |publisher=Bloomsbury Publishing USA |isbn=978-0-313-02799-4 |pages=463 |language=en}}</ref> or ”’Battle of Khandwa”'<ref>{{Cite book |last=Jaques |first=Tony |url=https://books.google.com/books/about/Dictionary_of_Battles_and_Sieges.html?id=EbLOEAAAQBAJ#v=onepage&q=Ratanpur&f=false |title=Dictionary of Battles and Sieges: A Guide to 8,500 Battles from Antiquity through the Twenty-first Century [3 volumes] |date=2006-11-30 |publisher=Bloomsbury Publishing USA |isbn=978-0-313-02799-4 |pages=523 |language=en}}</ref> in June 1720 A.D. was a significant military engagement between the armies of [[Nizam ul Mulk]] and the Imperial [[Mughal]] forces led by Sayyid Dilawar Ali Khan. This battle played a crucial role in the creation of the [[Hyderabad State]] under [[Nizam ul Mulk]] and the decline of the influence of the Sayyid brothers in the [[Deccan]] region.

The ”’Battle of Ratanpur”'<ref name=”:1″>{{Cite book |last=Jaques |first=Tony |url=https://books.google.com/books/about/Dictionary_of_Battles_and_Sieges.html?id=EbLOEAAAQBAJ#v=onepage&q=Ratanpur&f=false |title=Dictionary of Battles and Sieges: A Guide to 8,500 Battles from Antiquity through the Twenty-first Century [3 volumes] |date=2006-11-30 |publisher=Bloomsbury Publishing USA |isbn=978-0-313-02799-4 |pages=842 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books/about/Journal_of_Historical_Research.html?id=lw1DAAAAYAAJ#battle%20of%20Ratanpur%201720 |title=Journal of Historical Research |date=1973 |publisher=Department of History, Ranchi University. |pages=45 |language=en}}</ref> or ”’Battle of Pandhar”'<ref>{{Cite book |last=Peabody |first=Norbert |url=https://books.google.com/books/about/Hindu_Kingship_and_Polity_in_Precolonial.html?id=5YZvuz6EGgcC#v=onepage&q=battle%20of%20Ratanpur%201720&f=false |title=Hindu Kingship and Polity in Precolonial India |date=2003 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-0-521-46548-9 |publication-date=2003 |pages=21 |language=en}}</ref> or ”’Battle of Husainpur”'<ref>{{Cite book |last=Jaques |first=Tony |url=https://books.google.com/books/about/Dictionary_of_Battles_and_Sieges.html?id=EbLOEAAAQBAJ#v=onepage&q=Ratanpur&f=false |title=Dictionary of Battles and Sieges: A Guide to 8,500 Battles from Antiquity through the Twenty-first Century [3 volumes] |date=2006-11-30 |publisher=Bloomsbury Publishing USA |isbn=978-0-313-02799-4 |pages=463 |language=en}}</ref> or ”’Battle of Khandwa”'<ref>{{Cite book |last=Jaques |first=Tony |url=https://books.google.com/books/about/Dictionary_of_Battles_and_Sieges.html?id=EbLOEAAAQBAJ#v=onepage&q=Ratanpur&f=false |title=Dictionary of Battles and Sieges: A Guide to 8,500 Battles from Antiquity through the Twenty-first Century [3 volumes] |date=2006-11-30 |publisher=Bloomsbury Publishing USA |isbn=978-0-313-02799-4 |pages=523 |language=en}}</ref> in June 1720 A.D. was a significant military engagement between the armies of [[Nizam ul Mulk]] and the Imperial [[Mughal]] forces led by Sayyid Dilawar Ali Khan. This battle played a crucial role in the creation of the [[Hyderabad State]] under [[Nizam ul Mulk]] and the decline of the influence of the Sayyid brothers in the [[Deccan]] region.

==Background==

On the 19th of June 1720, [[Nizam-ul-Mulk]] led his army to the battleground. Ghiyas Khan was in charge of the vanguard, supported by Shaikh Muhammad Shah and Nur-ullah Faruqi, who led the artillery. [[Iwaz Khan]], the governor of [[Berar]], was positioned in the right center with other important officials. Marahmat Khan was on the left center. Aziz Beg Khan Harisi and Abdur-rahim Khan were on the right and left wings respectively. Mutawassil Khan, Ismail Khan Khweshgi, Kamyab Khan, Darab Khan, Sad-ud-din Khan, and Mir Ahsan were placed in the center. Reayat Khan was left to guard the town of [[Burhanpur]], while Rustam Beg Khan was assigned to protect the rear of the army.

Fath-ullah Khan Khosti and Rao Rambha Nimbalkar, the Mahratta, along with five hundred men, were deployed as skirmishers. The battle took place in the hilly region known as Pandhar between [[Burhanpur]] and the [[Narmada]] River. [[Nizam ul Mulk]] stated that he had marched forty kos from [[Burhanpur]] to reach the battlefield. Before engaging the enemy, he advanced four kos from his previous camp, and the battle commenced in the afternoon of the 19th of June 1720. Dilawar Ali Khan had positioned himself on a rising ground to the east of the Nawab. He left his baggage at the base of the hill and dispatched his advanced guard, consisting of approximately three thousand horsemen and eight thousand matchlockmen, led by Sayyid Sher Khan and Babar Khan. Dilawar Ali Khan then followed with his main body, surrounded by his key officers on elephants.<ref name=”:0″ /><ref>{{Cite book |last=Khān |first=Muḥammad Hāshim Khāfī |url=https://www.google.co.in/books/edition/Muntakhab_ul_Lubab/4RhuAAAAMAAJ?hl=en |title=Muntakhab-ul Lubab |date=2006 |publisher=Sang-e-Meel Publications |isbn=978-969-35-1882-5 |pages=315-325 |language=en}}</ref>

==The Battle==

The battle started in the afternoon with the firing of artillery and rockets. Ghiyas Khan and [[Iwaz Khan]] moved towards Dilawar Ali Khan from different directions to attack him. However, they could not join forces, leaving [[Iwaz Khan]] to face the full force of the Sayyid, Rajput, and [[Afghan]] attacks alone. Despite his elephant turning around and many of his men fleeing, Iwaz Khan bravely fought on until he was seriously injured and had to retreat. With cries of victory, Sayyid Sher Khan and Babar Khan, who were riding on elephants, fell down and were killed on the spot.<ref name=”:0″ /><ref>{{Cite book |last=Kar |first=Hemendra Chandra |url=https://books.google.com/books/about/Military_History_of_India.html?id=bsRGAAAAMAAJ#Husainpur |title=Military History of India |date=1980 |publisher=Firma KLM |isbn=978-0-8364-1588-9 |pages=338 |language=en}}</ref>

[[File:Asaf Jah I.jpg|thumb|[[Nizam-ul-Mulk, Asaf Jah I]] , First Nizam of Hyderabad State]]

Against two thousand heavily-armored [[Rajputs]], there were only forty men! Bhim Singh and Quresh Beg engaged in a one-on-one battle, after which around forty Rajputs attacked Quresh Beg. Despite the overwhelming odds, Quresh Beg managed to kill Bhim Singh before succumbing to numerous wounds. The bodies of the fallen Rajputs piled up on top of each other.<ref name=”:0″ />

At the same time, [[Iwaz Khan]] was in a fierce battle with Sher Khan and Babar Khan. The fighting was intense, lasting for two hours and resembling a scene from doomsday. The Sayyid and his forces fought valiantly, but in the end, he and four thousand five hundred of his men were killed, with only Dost Muhammad Khan Rohela managing to flee.<ref name=”:0″ />

[[Nizam ul Mulk]] himself did not sustain any injuries, but some of his men, including Khwaja Masum and Mirza Naim, were killed. Sayyid Musafir Khan showed exceptional bravery in defending Ghiyas Khan, with assistance from Yalras Khan. In total, one hundred and twenty-five men from [[Nizam ul Mulk]]’s side were either killed or wounded, including some Panni Afghans who defended [[Iwaz Khan]]. Around thirty men were killed and approximately one hundred were wounded on [[Nizam ul Mulk]]’s side, while the Sayyid’s army suffered a staggering loss of four thousand five hundred soldiers killed, with many more wounded.<ref name=”:0″ />

This was a significant triumph for [[Nizam ul Mulk]], demonstrating his masterful tactics and skill in securing victory over Dilawar Ali Khan with minimal casualties.<ref name=”:0″>{{Cite book |last=Irvine |first=William |url=https://books.google.com/books/about/Later_Mughal.html?id=ak5oFjTys8MC#v=snippet&q=Quresh&f=false |title=Later Mughal |date=1971 |publisher=Atlantic Publishers & Distri |pages=27-34 |language=en}}</ref>

{{Quote|”Bakht bawar gar bavad<br>sindan zi dandan bi-shkanad<br>Tali-i-bargashtah ra<br>faludah dandan bi-shkanad.”<br>”’Translation:-”'”The fates aiding, you may bite a bit off an anvil. With the stars against you, your teeth break over flummery.”<br>~””’Tarikh-i-Muzaffari””'<ref name=”:0″>{{Cite book |last=Irvine |first=William |url=https://books.google.com/books/about/Later_Mughal.html?id=ak5oFjTys8MC#v=snippet&q=Quresh&f=false |title=Later Mughal |date=1971 |publisher=Atlantic Publishers & Distri |pages=31 |language=en}}</ref>}}

[[File:Asaf Jah I, Nizam of Hyderabad.jpg|thumb|Asaf Jah I , Wazir of Mughal Empire ]]

[[Nizam ul Mulk]] celebrated his victory by having drums beaten.<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books/about/The_Cambridge_History_of_India.html?id=yoI8AAAAIAAJ#v=onepage&q=battle%20of%20Khandwa&f=false |title=The Cambridge History of India |date=1955 |publisher=CUP Archive |pages=343 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Congress |first=Indian History |url=https://books.google.com/books/about/Proceedings.html?id=9x7jAAAAMAAJ#Dilawar |title=Proceedings |date=1968 |publisher=Indian History Congress |pages=177 |language=en}}</ref> There were few casualties on his side, with notable losses including Badakhshi Khan and Diler Khan. [[Iwaz Khan]] and Ghiyas Khan were among the wounded. [[Nizam ul Mulk]] claimed guns and elephants for his own use and the soldiers and looters seized a significant amount of booty. The victorious army camped at the same spot, but the night was disturbed by a loose elephant that caused chaos until Mutawassil Khan shot it down with an arrow.<ref name=”:0″ /><ref>{{Cite book |last=Clodfelter |first=Micheal |url=https://books.google.com/books/about/Warfare_and_Armed_Conflicts.html?id=8urEDgAAQBAJ#v=onepage&q=mahrattas%20Ratanpur%201720&f=false |title=Warfare and Armed Conflicts: A Statistical Encyclopedia of Casualty and Other Figures, 1492-2015, 4th ed. |date=2017-05-23 |publisher=McFarland |isbn=978-0-7864-7470-7 |pages=110 |language=en}}</ref>

==Aftermath==

[[Nizam ul Mulk]]’s officers requested instructions to pursue the enemy, but he declined. Instead, he gathered the wounded near his tent and provided them with surgeons, healing ointments, and clothing. Some were given horses, others palanquins, and still others litters for transportation. Upon their recovery, he invited them to join his forces. However, as their leader Husain Ali Khan was still alive, they declined and their travel expenses were covered before they departed.

The body of Dilawar Ali Khan was respectfully buried, while the bodies of the Hindus were cremated under the supervision of Rajah Indar Singh. [[Nizam ul Mulk]] and his soldiers then returned to [[Burhanpur]].<ref name=”:0″ />

Following these events, two more battles were waged—the [[Battle of Balapur]] and the Battle of Hasanpur—where Nizam achieved decisive victories against the Imperial Armies led by Sayyid commanders. He successfully eliminated key figures such as Alam Ali, Hussain Ali, and Dilawar Ali, along with their allies, resulting in the weakening of Sayyid authority in the Deccan region. Consequently, this paved the way for the establishment of an independent state known as the Hyderabad State.<ref name=”:1″ /><ref>{{Cite book |last=Others |first=Muzaffar H. Syed & |url=https://books.google.com/books/about/History_of_Indian_Nation_Medieval_India.html?id=US5gEAAAQBAJ#v=onepage&q=Battle%20of%20Khandwa%201720&f=false |title=History of Indian Nation : Medieval India |date=2022-02-20 |publisher=K. K. Publications |pages=339 |language=en}}</ref>

==See Also==

*[[Battle of Balapur]]

*[[Battle of Shakar Kheda]]

==References==

The Battle of Ratanpur^[1][7] or Battle of Pandhar^[8] or Battle of Husainpur^[9] or Battle of Khandwa^[10] in June 1720 A.D. was a significant military engagement between the armies of Nizam ul Mulk and the Imperial Mughal forces led by Sayyid Dilawar Ali Khan. This battle played a crucial role in the creation of the Hyderabad State under Nizam ul Mulk and the decline of the influence of the Sayyid brothers in the Deccan region.

On the 19th of June 1720, Nizam-ul-Mulk led his army to the battleground. Ghiyas Khan was in charge of the vanguard, supported by Shaikh Muhammad Shah and Nur-ullah Faruqi, who led the artillery. Iwaz Khan, the governor of Berar, was positioned in the right center with other important officials. Marahmat Khan was on the left center. Aziz Beg Khan Harisi and Abdur-rahim Khan were on the right and left wings respectively. Mutawassil Khan, Ismail Khan Khweshgi, Kamyab Khan, Darab Khan, Sad-ud-din Khan, and Mir Ahsan were placed in the center. Reayat Khan was left to guard the town of Burhanpur, while Rustam Beg Khan was assigned to protect the rear of the army.
Fath-ullah Khan Khosti and Rao Rambha Nimbalkar, the Mahratta, along with five hundred men, were deployed as skirmishers. The battle took place in the hilly region known as Pandhar between Burhanpur and the Narmada River. Nizam ul Mulk stated that he had marched forty kos from Burhanpur to reach the battlefield. Before engaging the enemy, he advanced four kos from his previous camp, and the battle commenced in the afternoon of the 19th of June 1720. Dilawar Ali Khan had positioned himself on a rising ground to the east of the Nawab. He left his baggage at the base of the hill and dispatched his advanced guard, consisting of approximately three thousand horsemen and eight thousand matchlockmen, led by Sayyid Sher Khan and Babar Khan. Dilawar Ali Khan then followed with his main body, surrounded by his key officers on elephants.^[11][12]

The battle started in the afternoon with the firing of artillery and rockets. Ghiyas Khan and Iwaz Khan moved towards Dilawar Ali Khan from different directions to attack him. However, they could not join forces, leaving Iwaz Khan to face the full force of the Sayyid, Rajput, and Afghan attacks alone. Despite his elephant turning around and many of his men fleeing, Iwaz Khan bravely fought on until he was seriously injured and had to retreat. With cries of victory, Sayyid Sher Khan and Babar Khan, who were riding on elephants, fell down and were killed on the spot.^[11][13]

Against two thousand heavily-armored Rajputs, there were only forty men! Bhim Singh and Quresh Beg engaged in a one-on-one battle, after which around forty Rajputs attacked Quresh Beg. Despite the overwhelming odds, Quresh Beg managed to kill Bhim Singh before succumbing to numerous wounds. The bodies of the fallen Rajputs piled up on top of each other.^[11]

At the same time, Iwaz Khan was in a fierce battle with Sher Khan and Babar Khan. The fighting was intense, lasting for two hours and resembling a scene from doomsday. The Sayyid and his forces fought valiantly, but in the end, he and four thousand five hundred of his men were killed, with only Dost Muhammad Khan Rohela managing to flee.^[11]

Nizam ul Mulk himself did not sustain any injuries, but some of his men, including Khwaja Masum and Mirza Naim, were killed. Sayyid Musafir Khan showed exceptional bravery in defending Ghiyas Khan, with assistance from Yalras Khan. In total, one hundred and twenty-five men from Nizam ul Mulk‘s side were either killed or wounded, including some Panni Afghans who defended Iwaz Khan. Around thirty men were killed and approximately one hundred were wounded on Nizam ul Mulk‘s side, while the Sayyid’s army suffered a staggering loss of four thousand five hundred soldiers killed, with many more wounded.^[11]

This was a significant triumph for Nizam ul Mulk, demonstrating his masterful tactics and skill in securing victory over Dilawar Ali Khan with minimal casualties.^[11]

Bakht bawar gar bavad
sindan zi dandan bi-shkanad
Tali-i-bargashtah ra
faludah dandan bi-shkanad.
Translation:-“The fates aiding, you may bite a bit off an anvil. With the stars against you, your teeth break over flummery.”
~Tarikh-i-Muzaffari^[11]

Nizam ul Mulk celebrated his victory by having drums beaten.^[14][15] There were few casualties on his side, with notable losses including Badakhshi Khan and Diler Khan. Iwaz Khan and Ghiyas Khan were among the wounded. Nizam ul Mulk claimed guns and elephants for his own use and the soldiers and looters seized a significant amount of booty. The victorious army camped at the same spot, but the night was disturbed by a loose elephant that caused chaos until Mutawassil Khan shot it down with an arrow.^[11][16]

Nizam ul Mulk‘s officers requested instructions to pursue the enemy, but he declined. Instead, he gathered the wounded near his tent and provided them with surgeons, healing ointments, and clothing. Some were given horses, others palanquins, and still others litters for transportation. Upon their recovery, he invited them to join his forces. However, as their leader Husain Ali Khan was still alive, they declined and their travel expenses were covered before they departed.

The body of Dilawar Ali Khan was respectfully buried, while the bodies of the Hindus were cremated under the supervision of Rajah Indar Singh. Nizam ul Mulk and his soldiers then returned to Burhanpur.^[11]

Following these events, two more battles were waged—the Battle of Balapur and the Battle of Hasanpur—where Nizam achieved decisive victories against the Imperial Armies led by Sayyid commanders. He successfully eliminated key figures such as Alam Ali, Hussain Ali, and Dilawar Ali, along with their allies, resulting in the weakening of Sayyid authority in the Deccan region. Consequently, this paved the way for the establishment of an independent state known as the Hyderabad State.^[1][17]