He had a U.S. life insurance policy, but his widow received no payout.
He had a U.S. life insurance policy, but his widow received no payout.
In [[1998]] a sculptural Vytis Cross (sculptor Juozas Šlivinskas) was erected at the site of the partisan’s death near Pažėrai (Kaunas District). On [[2008]] [[February 13]] the site was declared a cultural monument.<ref>{{Cite act
In [[1998]] a sculptural Vytis Cross (sculptor Juozas Šlivinskas) was erected at the site of the partisan’s death near Pažėrai (Kaunas District). On [[2008]] [[February 13]] the site was declared a cultural monument.<ref>{{Cite act
|type=Nutarimas
|type=Nutarimas
|index=155
|index=155
Lifestyle
An adult hermit crab spends its entire life inside a gastropod mollusk shell. When it spots an enemy, the crab retreats completely into its “home” and blocks the opening with its claws. This way, it protects its soft belly, which lacks a hard covering.
It grows to approximately 12 cm in length. Small crabs usually hide under rocks and in crevices until they find a more reliable dwelling. As the crab grows, it is forced to search for a larger shell.
The hermit crab, as its name suggests, is a loner, but sometimes several individuals meet near a food source. Their diet can be varied, as these creatures are omnivores.
Biography
Born into the family of farmers Simanas Lukša (1864–1947) and Ona Vilkaitė-Lukšienė (1886–1960). The family owned 33 hectares of arable land. For Simanas this was his second marriage—his first wife fell ill and died during the First World War. From his first marriage he had two daughters, Marija and Angelė, and a son, Vincas. He remarried at 59. With his second wife he had Jurgis (1920–1947), Juozas (1921–1951), Antanas (1923–2016), and Stasys (1926–1947).[1]
Together with his brother Jurgis, Juozas attended the Mozūriškiai school and later the four-grade school in Veiveriai. In 1940 he graduated from the “Aušra” Gymnasium in Kaunas. He studied architecture at the Faculty of Civil Engineering at the University of Kaunas but did not complete his studies. While in gymnasium he was a member of the Ateitininkai organization, and during the first Soviet occupation he belonged to the Lithuanian Activist Front. In 1941 he was imprisoned in the Kaunas Hard Labour Prison and was released only when the war began.
When Nazi Germany occupied Lithuania, he participated in underground activities against the Germans. After the Soviets returned, he belonged to the underground Lithuanian Liberation Council, and when it was destroyed, he was the head of the organizational department of the Lithuanian partisan movement.
1945–1946 he studied at the Vilnius Art Institute. When arrests of the Lithuanian partisan movement began, in 1946 he joined the partisans and was appointed head of the press section of the Iron Wolf Battalion of the Tauras military district. He organized and edited the underground newspapers “Laisvės žvalgas” and “Kovos keliu.” He took part in establishing the Supreme Partisan Command. From 1947 he led the Birutė Battalion of the Tauras District operating in the Kaunas area.
J. Lukša’s brothers also went into the partisan ranks: Jurgis, nom de guerre Piršlys (killed in 1947), Antanas, Arūnas (died of natural causes in 2016), and Stasys, Juodvarnis (killed in 1947). His brother Antanas Lukša was captured alive, interrogated, and deported to Siberia. Their eldest brother, Vincas Lukša, was also deported to Siberia for aiding the partisans.
On orders from the partisan leadership, Juozas Lukša-Daumantas twice broke through the state border, established contacts with representatives of independent Lithuania abroad, and spread the word about Lithuania’s fight. In 1949 he received special authorization to represent the newly established Union of Lithuanian Freedom Fighters abroad.
In the summer of 1948 in Paris he met the physician Nijolė Bražėnaitė. Their friendship culminated in marriage on 1950 July 23. The couple were wed in Tübingen by Prelate Mykolas Krupavičius.[2]
In the autumn of 1950 he returned to Lithuania and was appointed head of the intelligence section of the Armed Forces Staff. In 1950 he was bestowed the honorary title Freedom Fight Knight and awarded the 1st Class Cross of the Freedom Fight. In 1951 he was given the partisan rank of major. On 4 September 1951, betrayed by a double agent (Kukauskas), he was killed in a forest south of Kaunas, near the village of Pabartupis.,[3]
He had a U.S. life insurance policy, but his widow received no payout.
In 1998 a sculptural Vytis Cross (sculptor Juozas Šlivinskas) was erected at the site of the partisan’s death near Pažėrai (Kaunas District). On 2008 February 13 the site was declared a cultural monument.[4]
Several documentary and feature films have been made about J. Lukša.In 2004 director Jonas Vaitkus released the historical drama Vienui vieni; the fighter is also featured in V. V. Landsbergis’s film Partizano žmona and J. Ohman’s The Invisible Front.
