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Minor league baseball team

The Bridgeport Orators were an early minor league baseball team based in Bridgeport, Connecticut. The Bridgeport “Orators” teams played as members of the Connecticut State League from 1898 to 1912. The team became known by the unique “Orators” nickname beginning in 1898, as that was the nickname of Bridgeport team owner and manager, Baseball Hall of Fame member Jim “The Orator” O’Rourke. Beginning with the 1895 season, Bridgeport hosted a minor league team in every subsequent season trough 1932, with the exception of the 1915 season that was interrupted by World War I.

Aside from the Orators era, Bridgeport minor league teams played under various nicknames as members of numerous leagues They were followed by minor league teams who played as members of the Southern New England League (1885), Eastern League (1887), Atlantic Association (1889–1890), Eastern Association (1891), Eastern League (1892), Connecticut State League (1894), Naugatuck Valley League (1896) and Atlantic League (1896). In the he longevity of the Bridgeport franchise, the team won only 3 championships in 40 seasons of play, with Jim O’Roarke leading the team to league championships in the 1895, 1896 and 1904 seasons.

The early Bridgeport teams all hosted their home minor league games at the Barnum Grounds through 1897 on property owned by P.T Barnum. In 1898, Bridgeport began play at Newfield Park, which was built by John O’Rourke on property that he owned. The site still hosts baseball today.

Baseball Hall of Fame member Ed Walsh managed the 1920 Bridgeport Bears.

1885: First season / Two leagues

[edit]

In 1885, minor league baseball play began in Bridgeport wit wh the team playing in two leagues in one season. The Bridgeport team first became members of the independent level Southern New England League. The Bridgeport Giants joined with the Hartford Babies, Meriden Maroons, New Britain, New Haven,
Springfield and Waterbury teams in forming the new league.[1] The league schedule began on May 2, 1895.[2] Bridgeport’s 1885 Southern New England League season was successful under manager Dan Shannon until the team left the league. On August 13, 1885, Bridgeport ended their membership after compiling a 33–25 record. Bridgeton joined a new league.[3][4][5]

Bridgeport left to become members of the Eastern League on August 13, 1885. The Giants began league play the next day. The Bridgeport Giants joined the Jersey City Skeeters, Lancaster Lancasters, Newark Domestics, Norfolk, Richmond Virginias, Trenton Trentonians, Washington Nationals,
Waterbury and Wilmington Blue Hens teams in the league. The league began play on May 1. 1885.[6] The Jersey City, Norfolk, Waterbury and Wilmington franchised did not play complete seasons in the league.

During their tenure in the astern League to finish the 1885 season, the Giants compiled a record of 12–17 as Dan Shannon again managed the team.[7] The Washington Nationals won the league championship with a 70–25 record under manager Michael Scanlon.[8]

1886 & 1887: Eastern League

[edit]

The Giants continued play in the 1886 Eastern League. Bridgeport ened the season in fifth place with a record of 33–57. James Donnelly served as the player manager.

Bridgeport returned to hosting minor league play in 1887,[9] The New Haven team became members of the six–team Independent level Eastern League. The Bridgeport Giants, Danbury Hatters, Hartford, New Haven Blies, Springfield and Waterbury teams joined with Bridgeport in beginning league play on Saturday, April 30, 1887.[10]

The Bridgeport Giants folded during the 1887 season.[9] Bridgeport ended the Eastern League season with record of 26–30, playing the season under managers James Donnelly,[11] Dasher Troy and J. P. Kelley. No league playoffs were held, but the league had a tumultuous season as Bridgeport (July 6), and Hartford (July 30) folded during the season. Springfield was “expelled from the league on May 26, 1887. On July 20, 1887 the New Haven team folded from the league, which saw the remaining Danbury and Waterbury teams play through September 13.[12][13][14]

The Bridgeport played their first season as members of the Connecticut State League. The season was short lived. The Giants joined with the Ansonia Cuban Giants, Danbury, Meriden, Norwalk and Waterbury teams in league play. The season began on April 25, 1888.[15]
During the season, Bridgeport relocated in May to become the Stamford team. Stamford folded on June 27 and the league and folded for the season on July 25, 1888. The team compiled a 9–9 record.[16]

1895 Beginning of O Rourke era / League championship

[edit]

Portrait of Baseball Hall of Fame member Jim O’Rourke as Bridgeton manager. O’Rourke was the owner and manager of the Bridgeton franchise from 1895 to 1912. In 1898, he built a new ballpark for the team on property that he owned.

Jim O’Rourke had graduated from Yale Law School in 1887 with an LL.B..[17] He began practicing law in Bridgeport as time allowed between baseball commitments, With his law degree, O’Rourke became known by the nickname “Orator Jim.”[18] O’Rourke had been a major league baseball player and manager. He was inducted into the Baseball Hall of Fame in 1945.

The 1895 Bridgeport team played as members of the Connecticut State League. The league reformed as a four-team independent league with Jim O’Rourke serving as the league president.[19] O’Rourke had been instrumental in forming the league for the 1895 season.[20] The Bridgeport “Victors” were joined by the Hartford Bluebirds, Meriden Silvermen and Waterbury Brassmen in forming the Connecticut State League. The league began play on July 2, 1895.[21]

Jim O’Rourke began a long tenure serving as the Bridgeport manager and led Bridgeport to the league championship.[22]

In 1895, Harry Herbert was signed by Jim O’Rourke and began a four-year tenure with Bridgeton, becoming the first African American in the league.[23][24][25]

1896: Second championship / League renamed

[edit]

The Bridgeport Victors played the 1896 season as members of the Naugatuck Valley League, as the Connecticut State League was renamed. Jim O’Rourke was again president of the league.[26] The Ansonia Welcomes, Derby Angels, New Haven Edgewoods, Torrington Tornados and Winsted Blues teams formed the newly named league

The 1896 Bridgeport team won their second consecutive league championship. The Victors had a record of 25–15, finishing in first place in the six-team league as no league playoffs were held.[27] The first place Bridgeport Victors, were managed to the championship by Jim O’Rourke and finished 1.0 game ahead of the second place Torrington Tornados, who were managed by Hall of Fame member Roger Connor.[28][29]

Aside from being the league president, owning and operating the Bridgeport franchise, Jim O’Rourke also played. He played well and led the league in hitting, batting .437 on the season. Bridgeport’s Thomas Ivers led the league with 5 home runs. Pop Foster and John Dougherty each scored 50 runs to league the league, while Doherty’s 70 hits were the most in the league. Bridgeport pitcher Dick Mansfield led the league with 15 wins 127 strikeouts and a 1.95 ERA.

1897: Return of Connecticut State League

[edit]

The Bridgeport returned to play in 1897, as the league returned to being known as the Connecticut State League, reforming as a six–team league in the Class F level league.[30] The 1897 Bridgeport team continues play known as the “Misfits” or “Soubrettes” and joined Derby and Torrington in continuing league play.[31] The new Bristol Braves, Meriden Bulldogs and Waterbury Indians teams completed the six-team lineup.[32][33]

The team finished in fourth place in the final standings as their championship run ended.[34]

At age 46, Bridgeport owner/manager/player Jim O’Rourke again won a league batting championship, hitting .403 with a league leading 130 total hits. Bridgeport’s Terry Rogers hit a league leading 12 home runs and also had 40 stolen bases, most in the league. Patsy Cunningham of Bridgeport scored a league leading 94 runs.

Connecticut State League 1898 to 1903

[edit]

In their second season of membership, Bridgeport continued play as members of the 1898 Class F level Connecticut State League, a sixteen-season tenure of consecutive membership in the league. The 1898 league expanded from a six team league to become an eight–team league.[35]The team became known as the “Orators” for the first time.[36] The league was sometimes known as the interchangeable “Connecticut League” in the era.[13] The Bridgeport Orators joined with the Danbury Hatters, Derby Angels, Meriden Bulldogs, New Britain Rangers, New Haven Blues, New London Whalers and Waterbury Pirates teams in beginning league play on May 4, 1898.[37] Bridgeport’s Phil Corcoran had a 17-6 record to lead the league.

In returning to play in the 1898 Connecticut State League, the Bridgeport “Orators” placed a close fourth in the final standings. The Bridgeport Orators ended the season with a record of 51–45, playing the season under Tim Ivers and Jim O’Rourke. Bridgeport ended the season just 5.5 games behind the first place Waterbury Pirates (55–38) in the final standings, as no league playoffs were held.[38][35][13]

In their second season of Connecticut State League play, the Bridgeport Orators.[39] Continuing play in the Class F level Connecticut State League, the team compiled a record of 55–38, placing first in the final standings of the eight–team league. Managed in 1899 by Thomas Reilly, Bridgeport Orators finished 3.5 games behind the first place New Haven Blues in the final standings. No playoffs were held.[40][41][39][13]

Bridgeport Orators ended the season with a record of 58–39.[42] The team finished 6.0 games behind the first place Norwich Witches in the final standings, as no playoffs were held.[43][44][42][13]

The 1901 Bridgeport Orators placed fifth in the eight–team Class F level Connecticut State League final standings.[45] Bridgeport Orators compiled a final record of 56–54, playing the season under the direction of returning manager . The Bridgeport Orators finished the season 10.0 games behind the first place Bristol Woodchoppers in the final league standings.[46][47][45]

Bridgeport Orators continued play in 1902, as the eight–team Connecticut State League became classified as a Class D level league.[48] The Blues won the league championship in the newly elevated league. Ending the season with a final record of 70–39, the Bridgeport Orators placed fifth first in the league standings, as New Haven was again managed by Jim Canavan.[49] The Bridgeport Orators ended the season 5.5 games ahead of the first place New Haven Blues. No playoff was held.[13][50][51][49]

The 1903 Bridgeport Orators, as the league changed formal names for one season.[52] Bridgeport Orators ended the season with a record of 52–57 to place sixth in eight-team Class D level “Connecticut League.” Bridgeport Orators ended the season 17.0 games behind the first place Holyoke Paperweights in the final standings.[53][54][55][52][13]

1904 championship team

[edit]

Bridgeport Orators finished in first place in the 1904 season. With a record of 69–47.[56] The Class D level league returned to “Connecticut State League” name, as New Haven finished 39.0 games behind the first place Bridgeport Orators.[57][58][56] After the completion of the season, twelve Holyoke games were deducted due to ineligible player violations.[13]

In 1904 Jim O’Rourke made an appearance with the New York Giants, playing under manager and friend John McGraw. At age 54 O’Rourke became the oldest player ever to appear in the National League, and the oldest player to hit safely in a major league game.[59][60][61] O’Rourke is one of only 29 players in baseball history to appear in Major League games in four decades.

1905 to 1908 – Connecticut State League

[edit]

The 1905 Bridgeport Orators placed seventh, as the Connecticut State League became a reclassified as Class B level League.[62] The New Haven ended the season with a final record of 47–70, led by returning manager Jim Canavan in his final season and his replacement, Jack Tighe. New Haven finished 34.0 games behind the first place Holyoke Paperweights in the final standings.[63][64][62][65][13]

Playing under a new manager, the 1906 Bridgeport Orators placed third in the eight-team Connecticut State League final standings, rebounding from their seventh-place finish the season before.[66] The Blues ended the season with a record of 68–57, playing the season under manager Bill Slack. No playoffs were held.[67][68][13]

The Bridgeport Orators ended the 1907 eight-team Connecticut State League final season with a record of 44–80. New Haven finished in seventh place, playing the season under the direction of owner/manager Cornelius Danaher.[69][70] No playoff was held, as New Haven ended the season 38.5 games behind the first place Holyoke Papermakers team.[71] Despite pitching on the seventh-place team, New Haven pitcher Ira Plank led the league with 26 victories.[13]

Bridgeport Orators continued minor league play in the 1908 eight–team Class B level Connecticut State League, ending the season in an improved third place.[72] The Blues achieved their place finish with a final record of 83–63. Playing the season under the direction of managers Bert Daly, Billy Lush and George Bone. No playoffs were held, as the Blues ended their last Connecticut State League season 30.5 games behind the first place Springfield Ponies in the standings.[73][74][72][75] Hack Simmons of New Haven led the league with 10 home runs. Simmons also had 155 hits and scored 78 runs to lead the league in both categories.[13]

Bridgeport Orators manager Billy Lush had been the Yale College collegiate baseball coach beginning in 1905, with famed football pioneer Walter Camp as an advisor, leading the team to the Ivy League championship in his first season. Yale is located in New Haven, Connecticut.[76] Lush was also managing the Plattsburgh minor league franchise in 1905 and 1906, where one of his players in 1906 was Baseball Hall of Fame member Eddie Collins.[77][78] In February 1906, Yale extended Lush, giving him a three-year contract.[79] Lush remained in charge of the Yale baseball team in 1906 and 1907, but was replaced by Tad Jones in 1908, when the college briefly decided to cease using professional coaches. Lush was paid his contracted amount by Yale in 1908.[80] After leaving New Haven, Lush became the basketball coach at the United States Naval Academy in the 1908–09 basketball season.[81] In February 1909, he was rehired as Yale’s baseball coach after a one-season hiatus.[81][82] He remained as the baseball coach at Yale through the 1911 season.[83]

Bridgeport Orators ended the 1909 Connecticut State League season in sixth place. With a record of 59–65, New Haven played the season under manager Phil Corcoran.[84][85] No playoffs were held as New Haven finished 18.0 games behind the first place Hartford Senators in the final standings of the eight-team, Class B level league.[86]

In 1910, Bridgeport Orators continued play as members of the eight–team Class B level Connecticut State League.[87] The Bridgeport Orators finished with an overall record of 67–55 and in fourth place, playing the season under manager. No playoffs held and in a close race, Bridgeport Orators ended the season 3.0 games behind the first place Waterbury Finnegans in the final standings.[88][89][90]

In 1912, Jim O’Rourke played catcher for a complete minor league game at the age of 60.[91][92]

Eastern Association: 1913 & 1914

[edit]

Bridgeport became members of the Eastern Association in 1913 as the league expanded from six teams to eight teams adding Bridgeport and a Pittsfield team. James O’Rourke was the league president. The Bridgeport “Crossmen” joined the Hartford Senators, Holyoke Papermakers, New Haven White Wings, New London Planters, Pittsfield Electrics, Springfield Ponies, Waterbury Contenders teams in the league. The Eastern Association began the season scheduled on April 23, 1913.[93]

1913, Class D 14½ games behind the first place Hartford.[13]

1914, Class B level league president James O’Rourke. 17½ games behind first place New London.[13]

Bridgeport did not play in 1915 due to World War I. There were 44 leagues that played in the 1914 season and that number was 32 in 1915 and 26 in 1916.[13]

Eastern League: 1916–1932

[edit]

Bridgeport returned to minor league play in 1916 and the Bridgeport “Hustlers” became members of the team-team Class A level Eastern League, which reformed by president Tim Murnane who had been president of the 1915 New England League, which had five teams continue play in the Eastern League.[94] Bridgeport partnered with the Hartford Senators, Lawrence Barristers, Lowell Grays, Lynn Pipers, New Haven Murlins, New London Planters, Portland Duffs, Springfield Ponies and Worcester Boosters teams in forming the league.[95] The Lawrence, Lowell, Lynn, Portland and, Worchester franchise were members of the eight-team New England league in 1915 were the Portland Duffs won the title, before the five teams continued play in the new league in 1916.[13][96]

1916, 43½ behind the first place New London. Lawrence and Lowell both folded on September 5, 1916.[13]

Bridgeport Americans 1917, only 21 leagues were in play for the season.[13] Played as an eight-team Class A level league, Daniel O’Neill began a tenure as league president. 16½ behind first place New Haven. [13]

In the 1918 season, only nine minor leagues were playing and only one minor league completed its season, the International League,[13] Class B level. The league stopped play on July 22, 1918. Bridgeport Americans second place 1.0 game behind New London when the league folded.[13] James Ferguson led the league with both 19 wins and 102 strikeouts in the shortened season.[13]

Bridgeport Americans 1919 returned to play one of fifteen leagues. Class A level. fourth place, but only 4.0 games behind first place Pittsfield.[13] Ray Grimes, who split the season between last place Hartford and Bridgeport led the league with 127 total hits.[13]

Bridgeport Americans 1920 fifth place, 9.0 games behind first place New Haven in the eight-team league.[13] Ray Grimes returned to Bridgeport and won the league batting title, hitting .364. Baseball Hall of Fame member Chief Bender led New Haven to the title with a league leading 25 sins and 252 strikeouts on the season.[13]

Bridgeport Americans Fourth place in 1921, 12 games behind Pittsfield.[13] Herman Bornheoft led the league with a 1.73 ERA.[13]

Bridgeport Americans 1922 Third place 22.0 games behind New Haven (100-51).[13] Robert Vines league leading 1.65 ERA.[13]

Bridgeport Americans 1923. fifth place 26½ games behind first place Hartford.[13] Lou Gehrig played for Hartford for part of the season during his rookie year with the New York Yankees.

Bridgeport Bears 1924. third place in the eight-team league. 4 games behind Waterbury.[13]

Bridgeport Bears 1925, sixth place 12 games behind Waterbury.[13] Pitcher Bunn Hearne had 160 strikeouts to lead the league.[13]

Bridgeport Bears 1926, Daniel O’Neill replaced during the season by Herman Weisman as league president.[13] Third place, 7.0 games behind first place Worchester who moved to Providence during the season.[13] Harold Yordy hit 18 home runs to lead the league.[13]

Bridgeport Bears 1927. Herman Weisman continued his tenure as league president.[13] Eight-team league, Fourth place just 4½ games behind first place Albany.[13] Pitcher Andy Rush led the league with a 1.57 ERA.[13]

Bridgeport Bears 1928. Seventh place 15.0 games behind first place New Haven. Ahead of only Waterbury 34-118 by 42½ games.[13]

Bridgeport Bears 1929. second place runner up in the eight-team league 6.0 games behind Albany[13]. Walter Kimmick won the batting title, hitting .376 on the season. Andy Rush split the season between Allentown and Bridgeport led the league with 23 wins.[13]

Bridgeport Bears 1930. William Carey replaced Herman Weisman as league president. Great Depression affected minor leagues.[13] Split season schedule Allentown won first half pennant. Bridgeport won the second half pennant. League ended the season with four teams after Hartford and Pittsfield folded on July 1 and New Haven and Providence folded July 17. Bridgeport finished 1½ behind Allentown in the overall standings. In the playoff final, Allentown defeated Bridgeport 4 games to 1.[13] Leslie Signor had a league leading 2.45 ERA.[13]

Bridgeport Bears 1931.Second place 18.0 behind Hartford in the overall standings eight-team league. New Havern and Hartford returned. Hartford won both halves of the split season schedule.[13] James Mooney league leading 1.69 ERA.[13]

1932 with Fred Voss Jr. as league president[13] Bridgeport Bears sixth place 18.0 games behind first place Springfield when league folded. The league folded on July 17, 1932, during the Great Depression.[13]

(1886) winter quarters of P.T. Barnum‘s (Barnum-London) circus in Bridgeport, Connecticut.

From their first season in 1885 through the 1898 season, Bridgeport hosted home minor league games at The Barnum Grounds. The ballpark site was located at State Street & Norman Street in Bridgeport, Connecticut.[97]In the era, the ballpark parcel was part of P.T. Barnum‘s Winter Headquarters for the circus staging. Barnum, was a Bridgeport resident, and the land on the northern portion of his circus winter quarters was utilized for the baseball park during the summer.[98][99] Today, the corner site is both residential and commercial property.

Prior to the 1898 season, the team also played select games at Pleasure Beach, which was accessible only by ferry in the era; Athletic Park, located at Boston Avenue & Success Avenues; and at Avon Park in neighboring Stratford, Connecticut.[100][101]

Beginning in 1898, Bridgeport minor league teams hosted home games at the Newfield Park.[102] The site still hosts baseball today.[103]

In the era, much of the land around Bridgeport’s Newfield neighborhood was owned by Baseball Hall of Fame member Jim O’Rourke and his older brother, John O’Rourke. Jim O’Rourke used the northern portion of the land to build a new ballpark for the Bridgeport Orators franchise that he owned and managed. The ballpark first hosted a baseball game on Friday, May 13, 1898, for an exhibition game between the Bridgeport Orators and the Springfield Ponies of the Eastern League.[104]

On Sunday, April 28, 1918, the Boston Red Sox defeated the Bridgeport in an exhibition game at the site.[105]

Year–by–year records

[edit]

Year Record Finish Manager Playoffs
1885 (1) 33–25 NA Dan Shannon Joined Eastern League August 13
1885 (2) 12–17 NA Dan Shannon Entered the league August 14
1886 33–57 5th James Donnelly No playoffs held
1887 35-15 NA Dan Shannon Won 1st half pennant
Team folded July 6
1888 9–9 NA Bullen Moved to Stamford in May
Stamford folded June 27
1895 8–3 1st Jim O’Rourke League champions
No playoffs held
1896 25–15 1st Jim O’Rourke League champions
No playoffs held
1897 33–37 3rd Jim O’Rourke No playoffs held
1898 51–45 4th Tom Ivers / Jim O’Rourke No playoffs held
1899 43–54 7th Jim O’Rourke No playoffs held
1900 57–41 3rd Jim O’Rourke No playoffs held
1901 61–43 2nd Jim O’Rourke No playoffs held
1902 53–59 5th Jim O’Rourke No playoffs held
1903 59–47 3rd Jim O’Rourke No playoffs held
1904 71–45 1st Jim O’Rourke League champions
No playoffs held
1905 64–49 3rd Jim O’Rourke No playoffs held
1906 54–72 7th Jim O’Rourke No playoffs held
1907 48–75 6th Jim O’Rourke No playoffs held
1908 55–71 6th Jim O’Rourke No playoffs held
1909 44–78 8th Jim O’Rourke No playoffs held
1910 67–52 2nd Gene McCann No playoffs held
1911 71–47 2nd Gene McCann / Robert Tracey No playoffs held
1912 61–55 3rd Gene McCann No playoffs held
1913 69–63 4th Gene McCann / Buck Freeman
Monte Cross		 No playoffs held
1914 67–56 3rd Jake Boultes No playoffs held
1916 44–78 7th Neal Ball / Mike Healy No playoffs held
1917 50–52 4th Paul Krichell No playoffs held
1918 44–12 2nd Paul Krichell League folded July 22
1919 59–47 4th Roy Grimes No playoffs held
1920 70–70 5th Ed Walsh No playoffs held
1921 85–66 3rd Gene McCann No playoffs held
1922 78–73 3rd Gene McCann No playoffs held
1923 71–81 5th Gene McCann / Fred Fisher No playoffs held
1924 65–88 8th John O’Hara / Joe Smith
Art Butler (1-3) / Dick Hoblitzel (25-33)		 No playoffs held
1925 76–78 6th Kaiser Wilhelm No playoffs held
1926 91–63 3rd Bud Stapleton No playoffs held
1927 84–70 4th Bud Stapleton No playoffs held
1928 77–76 7th Dick Rudolph / William Stewart No playoffs held
1929 91–63 2nd Hans Lobert No playoffs held
1930 91–74 2nd Hans Lobert Won 2nd half pennant
Lost League Finals
1931 81–60 2nd Hans Lobert No playoffs held
1932 33–42 6th Bud Stapleton / Harry Layne League disbanded July 17
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