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Sayardaw Buddhanta Gandhamālā Liṅgāra
Portrait of Shwesin Tipitakadhara Sayardaw Shwesin Tipitakadhara Sayardaw
Title	Tipiṭakadhara Dhammabhaṇḍāgārika (2001) Tipiṭakakovida (2001) Tipiṭakadhara (2000)
Born	Khin Maung Aye (1968-03-04) March 4, 1968 (age 57) Kyaung Gone, Myingyan, Mandalay Region, Myanmar
Parents	Htin Paw (father) Pwar Khin (mother)
Religion	Buddhism
Temple	Mahā Atulawaiyanbontha Tipitaka Shwe Parami Monastery
School	Theravada
Sect	Shwekyin Nikāya

The Venerable Sayardaw Buddhanta Gandhamālā Liṅgāra ^[1] (Burmese:ဆရာတော်ဘဒ္ဒန္တဂန္ဓမာလာလင်္ကာရ), Maung Khin Maung Aye, also known as Shwesin Tipitakadhara Sayardaw ^[2] (Burmese: ရွှေစင်တိပိဋကဓရဆရာတော်), is a prominent Burmese Buddhist monk who achieved the highest level of Buddhist monastic education, passing examinations that require candidates to demonstrate their mastery of “doctrinal understanding, textual discrimination, taxonomic grouping and comparative philosophy of Buddhist doctrine” ^[3]. Hence, the Venerable Sayardaw is recognized as a Buddhist scholar and specialist in the Dhama of transmission or the Three Pitakas (Vinaya Pitaka ^[4], Sutta Pitaka ^[5], and Abhidhamma Pitaka ^[6]). He is the 9th recipient in all of Burma’s religious history to receive the high honor of Tipiṭakadhara Dhammabhaṇḍāgārika ^[7] (Burmese: တိပိဋကဓရ ဓမ္မဘဏ္ဍာဂါရိက ^[8]), the highest honorific Burmese Buddhist title ^[9] conferred by the government of Myanmar ^[10] to Buddhist monks ^[11] who have passed all levels of Tipitakadhara Tipitakakovida Selection Examinations ^[12]. The Venerable Sayardaw was 33 years old when he received this highest honorific title in 2001 as the 9th Tipitaka sayardaw ^[13] of Myanmar ^[14].

Early Life and Novicehood

Shwesin Tipitakadhara Sayardaw ^[15] was born on 4 March 1968 to U Htin Paw and Daw Pwar in Kyaung Gone village, Myingyan township ^[16] in Mandalay Region ^[17]. He was the second eldest of four siblings. At the age of 9, he entered Shwe Nyaung Bin Kyaung monastery (Burmese: ရွှေညောင်ပင်ကျောင်း) in Kyaung Gone village as a novice monk ^[18], named Shin Gandhamālā (Burmese: ရှင်ဂန္ဓမာလာ) by the monastery, under the patronage of Sayadaw Buddhanta Sundara (Burmese: ဆရာတော်ဘဒ္ဒန္တသုန္ဒရ).

At the age of 11, Shin Gandhamālā moved to Nyaung Bin Kyaung monastery (Burmese: ညောင်ပင်ကျောင်း) in Megone village, Yesagyo Township ^[19], Magwe Region ^[20] to start learning basic Parli under the supervision of Sayardaw Buddhanta Uttara (Burmese: ဆရာတော်ဘဒ္ဒန္တဥတ္တရ). At the age of 13, he moved to Mahā Gandhāyone Kyaung monastery ^[21] (Burmese: မဟာဂန္ဓာရုံကျောင်း ^[22]) to study the next level of Buddhist Pali from Chief Abbot Sayardaw Buddhanta Sandābhāsa (Burmese: ဆရာတော်ဘဒ္ဒန္တစန္ဒောဘာသ) and other teaching Sayardaws in Amarapura Township ^[23], Mandalay Region ^[24].

At the age of 15, he pursued his studies under the supervision of Chief Abbot Sayardaw Buddhanta Nāgavaṃsa (Burmese: ဆရာတော်ဘဒ္ဒန္တနာဂဝံသ) and Sayaradaw Buddhanta Ñāṇisara (Burmese: ဆရာတော်ဘဒ္ဒန္တဉာဏိသရ) at Saddhamma Pajātayone Kyaung monastery (Burmese: သဒ္ဓမ္မပဇ္ဇောတာရုံကျောင်း ^[25]) in Monywa ^[26], Sagaing Region ^[27].

Sayardaw passed a series of three Buddhist monastic Pathamabyan examinations ^[28] held by the government – Pathamange, Pathamalat and Pathamagyi ^[29] in 1983, 1984, and 1985 respectively. In 1986, he passed government held Pariyatti Sāsana Lingara Samaññā Kyaw examinations (Burmese: ပရိယတ္တိသာသနာလင်္ကာရသာမဏေကျော်စာမေးပွဲ ^[30]) of all 3 levels and received the highly regarded religious title of “Pariyatti Sasana Lingara Tharmanay Kyaw” ^[31] at only 18 years of age. As part of this achievement, he accepted the honorary title of “လင်္ကာရ (Liṅgāra)” ^[32] and changed his regular Sangha name from Shin Gandhamālā (Burmese: ရှင်ဂန်ဓမာလာ) to Shin Gandhamālā Liṅgāra (Burmese: ရှင်ဂန္ဓမာလာလင်္ကာရ).

Before he became a full-fledged monk ^[33], the Venerable Sayardaw attained the Sāsanadaja Dhammasārīa (Burmese: သာသနဓဇဓမ္မာစရိယ ^[34]) title offered by the government since he passed another level of Buddhist monastic examinations called Parāzikan Pali ^[35] and Ahtakahta Kyan ^[36] (Burmese: ပါရာဇိကဏ်ပါဠိ ^[37]+အဋ္ဌကထာကျမ်း ^[38]), Sīlakkhandhavagga Pali ^[39] and Ahtakahta Kyan ^[40] (Burmese: သီလက္ခန္ဓဝဂ္ဂပါဠိ ^[41] +အဋ္ဌကထာကျမ်း ^[42]), and Dhammasinghani Pali ^[43] and Ahtatharlini Ahtakahta Kyan ^[44] (Burmese: [[:my:ဓမ္မသင်္ဂဏီ| ဓမ္မသင်္ဂဏီပါဠိ] ^[45] +အဋ္ဌသာလိနီအဋ္ဌကထာကျမ်း ^[46]) in 1986.

Monkhood and Achievements

On 3 July 1987, with the Upāsaka support ^[47] of Daw Seint, Daw Sanyi, and family from Mandalay ^[48], Shin Ganda Marlar Lingara was ordained as a monk ^[49] at Khanna Ordination Hall ^[50] in Hmangin Pajawtayone monastery (Burmese: မှန်ကင်းပဇ္ဇောတာရုံကျောင်း), under the patronage of Sayadaw Aggamahāpaṇḍita ^[51] Buddhanta Nāgavaṃsa (Burmese: ဆရာတော်ဘဒ္ဒန္တနာဂဝံသ). Sayardaw started teaching Buddhist monastic literature at the same monastery after he attained Sāsana Dhaja Dhammacariya ^[52] (Burmese: သာသနဓဇဓမ္မာစရိယ ^[53]). In general, whoever achieved Dhammasārīa ^[54] title is generally considered a capable instructor of Buddhism at any Buddhist monastery in Myanmar ^[55].

In 1988, the Venerable Sayardaw moved to Tipitaka Nikara monastery (Burmese: တိပိဋကနိကာရကျောင်း) established by the Venerable Mingun Sayadaw ^[56] U Vicittasārābhivaṃsa ^[57] (Burmese: မင်းကွန်းဆရာတော် ဦးဝိစိတ္တသာရာဘိဝံသ ^[58]) and pursued further education in Tipitaka Buddhist monastic literature ^[59] and studies.

From 1987 to 2000, Sayardaw passed the state-conducted [Tipitakadhara Selection Examinations ] ^[60] and achieved several honorific religious awards – (1) Ubhato Vibhangadhara ^[61] award (Burmese: ဥဘတောဝိဘင်္ဂဓရဘွဲ့တံဆိပ်တော်) in 1987; (2) Vinayadhara ^[62] award (Burmese: ဝိနယဓရဘွဲ့တံဆိပ်တော် ^[63]) in 1990; (3) Ubhato Vibhanga ^[64] Kāwida award (Burmese: ဥဘတောဝိဘင်္ဂကောဝိဒဘွဲ့တံဆိပ်တော် ^[65]) in 1991; (4) Vinaya Kāwida ^[66] award (Burmese: ဝିနယကୋ‌ဝିဒဘွဲ့တံဆိပ်တော် ^[67]) in 1992; (5) Dīghabāṇaka ^[68] award (Burmese: ဒီဃဘာဏကဘွဲ့တံဆိပ်တော် ^[69]) in 1993; (6) Dīgha Nikāya ^[70] Kāwida award (Burmese: ဒီဃနိကာယ ကောဝိဒဘွဲ့တံဆိပ်တော် ^[71]) in 1994; (7) Mulah Abhidhamma ^[72] award (Burmese: မူလအဘိဓမ္မိကဘွဲ့တံဆိပ်တော်) in 1996; (8) Mulah Abhidhamma Kāwida award (Burmese: မူလအဘိဓမ္မကောဝိဒဘွဲ့တံဆိပ်တော် [61]) ^[73] in 1997.

Being awarded the titles of Tipiṭakadhara and Tipiṭakakovida ^[74] in 2000 and 2001 respectively, the Venerable Sayardaw became the 9th recipient of the highest honorific title of Tipiṭakadhara Dhammabhaṇḍāgārika ^[75] in Myanmar ^[76] Buddhism history.

References