Wikipedia:Reference desk/Humanities: Difference between revisions

AOC is being talked up as a potential 2028 candidate for both NY-SEN (primarying Chuck Schumer) and US President. I’m not exactly a fan of hers but am wondering more about the rules for this sort of thing. In 2000, Joe Lieberman ran for VPOTUS as Al Gore’s running-mate and also ran for re-election to CT-SEN. So does anything stop AOC from running in both primaries at the same time, or even both general elections (plus re-election to her House seat)? People keep saying she would have to pick what to run for, but “all of the above” seems like a strategy too. Thanks. 2601:644:8581:75B0:3BD:2C18:7EA2:567F (talk) 21:15, 25 September 2025 (UTC)[reply]

Dual mandate#United States covers this: “Also typically permitted is for one person to seek multiple offices at the same level of government in the same election, although attempting to simultaneously seek multiple offices in the same branch of government (e.g. a sitting U.S. Representative seeking re-election to the House and election to the U.S. Senate) is severely frowned on and prohibited in many states (the constitutionality of these prohibitions is uncertain).” Clarityfiend (talk) 22:16, 25 September 2025 (UTC)[reply]

Running for both the Senate (or again the House) and the presidency might not be the smartest move. Theoretically, though, AOC might be attending the vote count in her role as senator (or representative) on January 6, 2029, that will declare her the winner of the presidential election.  ​‑‑Lambiam 08:44, 26 September 2025 (UTC)[reply]

Lloyd Bentsen ran as the vice-presidential candidate for Michael Dukakis in the 1988 United States presidential election, while successfully defending his senate seat at the same time. There was criticism at the time that his running for re-election to the Senate seemed to indicate he had little confidence that Dukakis would win the presidency. Xuxl (talk) 14:10, 26 September 2025 (UTC)[reply]

I recently came across this article but after doing some research, I could not find whether or not the history it provides about the family name is real. It claims that the subject may have came from another surname but I could not find evidence of that name not coming from this Wikipedia article. Could someone here do some research to confirm that the claims are verifiable? RanDom 404 (talk) 22:07, 25 September 2025 (UTC)[reply]

According to page 228 of The Teutonic Name-System Applied to the Family Names of France, England, and Germany., it is derived from rand (rim, i.e. shield) and mar (famous), so “famous shield”? (I have tagged all of the unsourced claims and added two bearers of the surname to the article.) Clarityfiend (talk) 22:38, 25 September 2025 (UTC)[reply]

Mauer (as in Berliner Mauer) is German for “wall”, so maybe “shield-wall“? 2601:644:8581:75B0:F3FC:F0D7:CE7A:118F (talk) 23:45, 25 September 2025 (UTC)[reply]

Various ‘Family tree’ type sources findable with websearches on Wrentmore‘s meaning (as you may already have discovered) attribute it to ‘the name of a now-unknown place in Somerset’, and/or suggest it includes a reference to the wren (bird), but I suspect these are unsubstantiated guesses of little or no value. {The poster formerly known as 87.81.230.195} 90.193.153.108 (talk) 03:30, 26 September 2025 (UTC)[reply]

British Family Names–Their Origin and Meaning, Reverend Henry Barber (1903) p. 281 says it’s after a location but no other details. Alansplodge (talk) 11:55, 26 September 2025 (UTC)[reply]

Depending on where on the internet you look, this is someone called Mpho Nthunya [1], Moges Kebede [2], Bediako Asare [3] or Elvania Namukwaya Zirimu [4] (that one takes time to load). There might be more.

So, referencers, who is it? Gråbergs Gråa Sång (talk) 06:44, 26 September 2025 (UTC)[reply]

The first. See also File:Mpho Nthunya in her Basotho Hat.jpg, File:Mpho Nthunya in the Mountains.jpg and File:Singing Away the Hunger cover.jpg.  ​‑‑Lambiam 08:00, 26 September 2025 (UTC)[reply]

That’s fairly convincing, thanks. Gråbergs Gråa Sång (talk) 08:25, 26 September 2025 (UTC)[reply]

See also Singing Away the Hunger‘. Alansplodge (talk) 11:35, 26 September 2025 (UTC)[reply]

In the 1982 film The Verdict, a witness (a nurse) in a civil trial gives evidence that an anesthetist improperly dosed the victim and subsequently ordered her (with threats to her career) to amend a form to change a “1” to a “9” re: the hours since the victim had last eaten. The nurse reveals that she kept a copy of the unaltered form and the plaintiff’s lawyer attempts to enter that as evidence, however, the defence successfully argues that a copy of a document cannot be entered, which the judge upholds, and the nurse’s testimony is stricken from the record.
My question is: maybe you can refuse to enter that document as evidence, but surely you cannot strike out the witness’ sworn verbal testimony, especially when she is alleging a criminal offence – i.e. the doctor blackmailing her into falsifying a document? Dr-ziego (talk) 10:52, 27 September 2025 (UTC)[reply]

Probably not, but fictional works frequently contradict reality, whether unintentionally through the ignorance of the writer(s), or intentionally for the sake of making a more dramatic story – see Artistic licence. This also happens in supposedly factual ‘docu-dramas‘ and ‘biopics‘: for example, the film The Sound of Music adapted a stage musical inspired by an earlier film based on the (presumably accurate) memoir of Maria von Trapp, but invents, distorts and omits many details of her real life.

Both fictional and dramatised factual works depicting crimes may also deliberately contain inaccuracies to prevent people successfully copying their methods in real life. {The poster formerly known as 87.81.230.195} 90.193.153.108 (talk) 13:56, 27 September 2025 (UTC)[reply]

@Bearian: This was redirected last month to O’Sullivan family because it was unsourced, but the subject is not mentioned at the target. There was previously some information about this clan at Bellewstown, but it has been removed. This was previously an article, but I can not find any information about this clan. Could someone do some more research? No sources were added by any editors beforehand, so pinging Bearian to see their insight on this. I am not saying what to do, but I would like to hear some thoughts. RanDom 404 (talk) 14:10, 27 September 2025 (UTC)[reply]

A redirected article can always be recreated by rolling back the last edit, which saves the edit history. I don’t have ready access to possible sources offline or deeper in the web. Bearian (talk) 14:58, 27 September 2025 (UTC)[reply]

One source at Archive.org: The Blasket Islands: Next Parish America (Joan & Ray Stagles, rev ed 1998) — Verbarson  ^talk_edits 16:24, 28 September 2025 (UTC)[reply]

I don’t see anything that’s pertinent, where do you mean? (I can only see the search results, not the book itself). The spelling “O’Shúilleabháin” doesn’t look right, the common spelling is “Ó Súilleabháin” for men and “Ní Shúilleabháin” for women. The original article looks a bit fishy to me. —Wrongfilter (talk) 17:28, 28 September 2025 (UTC)[reply]

Sorry, I supplied a URL with a search term embedded. Searching for Erse/accented/punctuated/anglicized names is a tricky business, and one search term definitely does not suffice!

In the index, O’Shuilleabhain family (unaccented, but using a curly quote) is cross-referenced to O’Sullivan family, which refers to pages 33-40 passim, 131. That’s almost the whole of chapter 3 “The Island Families”, plus one other page.

According to that chapter, the earliest appearance of the name O’Sullivan in the island’s baptismal register was in 1838, which is later than any period covered by either of the articles in question. This source may therefore be irrelevant, unless someone wants to extend the articles by several hundred years.

There is also a reference to the literary efforts of Maurice O’Sullivan, a twentieth-century inhabitant of the island.

(I recommend setting up an Archive.org account; it has a vast, if inconsistent, range of publications, with at least something useful for every topic I have searched.) — Verbarson  ^talk_edits 20:17, 28 September 2025 (UTC)[reply]

Wikipedia:Redirects for discussion/Log/2025 September 24 has an entry for Next British Columbia Liberal Party leadership election, where I learn that the party’s BC branch basically doesn’t exist anymore, having rebranded to BC United and become a rather minor party. The Legislative Assembly of British Columbia is mostly composed of Conservative and NDP members, with a few independents and minor-party members, but no Liberals or BC United Members. However, our article on the 45th Canadian Parliament (the current one) tells me that twenty of British Columbia’s forty-three MPs are Liberals. Is there some other provincial organisation for the Liberal Party of Canada? Seems a bit odd that the party could elect so many federal MPs without some sort of provincial existence. Nyttend (talk) 20:09, 27 September 2025 (UTC)[reply]

Liberal Party of Canada (British Columbia) DuncanHill (talk) 20:42, 27 September 2025 (UTC)[reply]

Provincial political parties in Canada, even if named similarly to federal parties, are not “branches” of them. The provincial parties run candidates for the provincial legislature while the federal ones run candidates for Parliament. Note that since the federal Progressive Conservative party disappeared, there are still provincial Progressive Conservative parties in a number of provinces. —142.112.140.137 (talk) 04:26, 28 September 2025 (UTC)[reply]

Interesting! Thanks for the helpful responses. Both here in Australia (e.g. Victorian Liberal Party and Victorian Greens) and in my native US (e.g. Ohio Republican Party and DFL), one encounters state branches of national parties, and I just assumed that the same was true in Canada. Nyttend (talk) 18:51, 28 September 2025 (UTC)[reply]

I have a few questions:

• Are purvaangas, stokas and kaullaka bhavas real units of time? I would assume that a purvaanga is a real unit in Jainism, since the amount of years in it (equivalent to the lifespan of the tirthankara Shreyansanatha) is the square root of the amount of years in a purva.
  • If a stoka is a real unit of time, how long is it?
  • If a kaullaka bhava is a real unit of time, how long is it?
• A Hindu lava is either 1.111 milliseconds or 140 milliseconds, yet this chart shows its Jain counterpart at the 10¹ range. How long is it?
• A Hindu prana is 4 seconds, yet this chart shows its Jain counterpart at the 10^-1 range. How long is it?

– MrPersonHumanGuy (talk) 17:22, 28 September 2025 (UTC)[reply]

In the name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful.

If the baseline (10^0) represents one second, then 10^-1 is one tenth of one second.

So, if the prana, as represented on the chart, is 10^-1 (but it would be nice to have any source for this) of a second, it is one tenth of one second 130.74.59.64 (talk) 12:47, 29 September 2025 (UTC)[reply]

I’ve already been long acquainted with how the powers of ten work. What I mean is “How long are a lava and a prana in Jainism?” because, if the chart were about Hindu units instead, then Lava would have to be shown at the 10^-1 or 10^-3 range, below Second, whereas Prana would be shown on the same row as Second or just right above it. If the lava and prana are the same across both Indian religions, then their positions on this chart are incorrect. If their positions are correct, then their precise lengths are what I’d like to know, alongside those of the stoka and kaullaka bhava. – MrPersonHumanGuy (talk) 17:37, 29 September 2025 (UTC)[reply]

The Advanced Glossary Of Jain Terms (N. L. Jain 2006), found on Archive.org, includes some of these terms. — Verbarson  ^talk_edits 14:43, 29 September 2025 (UTC)[reply]

Hello. The Soummam conference was an important meeting of leaders from the Algerian FLN held August-September 1956. A copy of the minutes appears in Mohammed Harbi (ed.) Les Archives de La Revolution Algerienne from p160. Under the initial report from the Nord-Constantinois, Zone 2 (p161), it says “… (voir résumé du rapport a la suite).” English: “… (see summary of the report below).” However, there is no such summary attached in Harbi’s volume.

In Lakhdar Ben Tobbal’s book Mémoires de l’intérieur he writes: “We immediately began the preparation since the principle of the meeting was now decided, the date known and the region too ( Kabylie, without further details). We held working sessions at the level of the wilaya to finalize the reports. Everything was reviewed, the numbers, the number of weapons, the amount of the fund. The organizational report, the financial report And the morale report and policy of North Constantine were all written during this period. They would later appear in the minutes of what would become the Soummam Congress.”

So my question is: is this annexe (and/or other annexes) available anywhere, and if so where? Many thanks for any suggestions.

Sonnyvalentino (talk) 21:46, 28 September 2025 (UTC)[reply]

The summary referred to on p. 161 of Les Archives de la révolution algérienne may be on p. 167, under the heading  Zone n^o 2.  ​‑‑Lambiam 10:33, 30 September 2025 (UTC)[reply]

This is a news photo of Queen Elizabeth II on the occasion of the official opening of part of the Victoria Line of the London Underground in 1968: [5]

I’ve found several copies of this photo on the Net, but none of them is provided with a caption that identifies the three men in the photo. As the line did not open to the public until later that day, I suppose each of them is either a London Transport representative of a member of the Queen’s household staff… but can anyone identify them?

—142.112.140.137 (talk) 05:09, 29 September 2025 (UTC)[reply]

[6] —Viennese Waltz 09:30, 29 September 2025 (UTC)[reply]

Can you see the caption when you click on it because I can see on a google search it starts “Queen Elizabeth II opening the Victoria Line, London’s first completely new underground railway for 60 years. With her, from left; Maurice Holmes, …” but when I open the page, the caption is nowhere to be found. Nanonic (talk) 11:33, 29 September 2025 (UTC)[reply]

Yes, I can see the caption. It reads “Queen Elizabeth II opening the Victoria Line, London’s first completely new underground railway for 60 years. With her, from left; Maurice Holmes, Chairman of London Transport Board; F.E Wilkins, Chief Public Relations Officer, LTB; Anthony Bull, vice-chairman, LTB; Richard Marsh, Minister of Transport.” —Viennese Waltz 11:36, 29 September 2025 (UTC)[reply]

I can’t see the caption. DuncanHill (talk) 15:41, 29 September 2025 (UTC)[reply]

Perhaps you can see it here.  ​‑‑Lambiam 09:12, 30 September 2025 (UTC)[reply]

Yes, so long as I don’t scroll down and back up, if I do that the picture gets replaced by adverts for a gluten-free Lady Gaga or somesuch. DuncanHill (talk) 10:52, 30 September 2025 (UTC)[reply]

We have articles on Maurice Holmes (barrister), Anthony Bull, Richard Marsh, Baron Marsh, and the London Transport Board (LTB). DuncanHill (talk) 15:44, 29 September 2025 (UTC)[reply]

Sidebar since the Q has been answered: Interesting. I can see the caption in VW’s link with no issues. I assumed this was because I am using Firefox with NoScript, which blocks a lot of the noise, but even when I temporarily allow all scripts, I can see the caption fine. Likewise, Chrome and Edge also display the caption with no issue. If you’re one of the unlucky ones who cannot see the caption on the picture [here, what browser are you using? Are you accessing it via your phone? Matt Deres (talk) 14:29, 30 September 2025 (UTC)[reply]

I can’t see it in Firefox, Edge or Chrome. Using Windows 11 PC. Nanonic (talk) 16:20, 30 September 2025 (UTC)[reply]

Weird. It’s a German site, but from top down there’s a header area, a search bar that spans the width of the screen, the caption in question, and then the image. Like this. Are you missing the other pieces as well? Matt Deres (talk) 16:43, 30 September 2025 (UTC)[reply]

I’m in the UK and cannot access Imgur.[7] Here’s a screenshot of what I see [8] Nanonic (talk) 17:30, 30 September 2025 (UTC)[reply]

(Bottom of the image page if you fancy that too)[9] Nanonic (talk) 17:34, 30 September 2025 (UTC)[reply]

Edhe, Win11, desktop, in UK so Imgur useless. I see what Nanonic sees. DuncanHill (talk) 19:22, 30 September 2025 (UTC)[reply]

So, the caption in question is in two parts: a title and some text; you and DuncanHill are only getting the title, while I see the text beneath as well. Hopefully, I uploaded this correctly: link. I checked the source but didn’t immediately see any reason why the caption would truncate. Matt Deres (talk) 12:31, 1 October 2025 (UTC)[reply]

• Thanks for the answer. I think my previous searches found the Getty image but without that caption, although following Viennese’s link worked for me. I also normally have JavaScript disabled. By the way, the event was not the original opening of the Victoria Line, but of the third section completed, an extension from Warren Street to Victoria station. —142.112.140.137 (talk) 02:42, 1 October 2025 (UTC)[reply]

please suggest me topics of research in themes of law and justice in a globalised world also topics of research in themes of comparative constitutional law. Grotesquetruth (talk) 10:44, 30 September 2025 (UTC)[reply]

Start with constitutional rights (there are many). Different countries guarantee different rights. Now, identify variances between countries, such as variances in digital privacy laws. Finally, identify which of those cross borders (globalised) such as social media services being located in one country with one set of privacy laws and constitutional rights, but the user is in a different country with a different set of laws and constitutional rights. Research. 4.17.97.234 (talk) 11:11, 30 September 2025 (UTC)[reply]

As far as I can tell, the Journal of Negro Education is the oldest (1932)–does anyone know of any older ones? Thanks! Drmies (talk) 20:47, 30 September 2025 (UTC)[reply]

Are there lots of songs of this kind?? Here’s one where this is the best set of singable English lyrics that I can think of:

In Holland there’s a house, in Holland there’s a house.
In Holland there’s a house oh yeah. For every single spouse oh yeah.
In Holland there’s a house, oh in Holland there’s a house.

(If possible, please think of a better singable phrase for the line where the above text says “for every single spouse”.) All sites talking about this song are Dutch, and the Dutch Wikipedia is the only Wikipedia that has an article on this song. (The song has more verses, and they remind me of “The Farmer in the Dell”, although the tune is very different.) Are there lots of songs known almost exclusively by people who don’t speak English?? Georgia guy (talk) 11:50, 3 October 2025 (UTC)[reply]

Your question is unclear to me but how about Waltzing Matilda by strine speakers? 196.50.199.218 (talk) 12:39, 3 October 2025 (UTC)[reply]

You need to get a Wikipedia user name. That song is Australian, and Australia is an English speaking country, so it doesn’t qualify. Georgia guy (talk) 12:50, 3 October 2025 (UTC)[reply]

My answer was tongue-in-cheek – a joke. Do you mean a song with English lyrics, sung by people who don’t speak English and the song is not sung by English (edit: speaking) people? 196.50.199.218 (talk) 13:05, 3 October 2025 (UTC)[reply]

I think the OP is looking for something like “Alouette” or “Sosban Fach” – songs that are frequently sung by English speakers without understanding them – but for English rather than French or Welsh. Tevildo (talk) 10:23, 4 October 2025 (UTC)[reply]

The Dutch song Georgia guy refers to is In Holland staat een huis. DuncanHill (talk) 13:27, 3 October 2025 (UTC)[reply]

Taking the question literally (Are there lots of songs known almost exclusively by people who don’t speak English?), the answer is yes, I suppose. Most traditional songs from parts of the world where few people speak English would qualify. Maybe you’re asking about English language songs? But then, “In Holland there’s a house” (an English adaptation of a traditional Dutch children’s song) still doesn’t qualify, as it’s mostly known by Dutch people, most of whom speak English. Just not natively. Maybe you actually wanted to ask about English language songs almost exclusively known by people who aren’t native speakers of English. A lot, I expect. Many European bands sing in English, for whatever reason. If they never break through in an English speaking country, the song will be mostly known by non-native English speakers. PiusImpavidus (talk) 15:29, 3 October 2025 (UTC)[reply]

I’ve been hoping to use Prisencolinensinainciusol as a legit answer to a question here for a long time. The links at the bottom will also be helpful. Matt Deres (talk) 18:47, 4 October 2025 (UTC)[reply]

From Japan Air Lines Flight 2:

Commanding pilot Captain Kohei Asoh attempted an automatic-coupled Instrument Landing System (ILS) approach due to the heavy fog,  which he had never done before on a recorded DC-8-62 flight.

What is a recorded flight? Does this merely mean that there was no record of him doing this, or does it mean he hadn’t done this when flying aircraft with data recorders, or something else? The source — [10] page 9 — lists his recent flights in this aircraft model and says “There were no recorded automatic-coupled TLS approaches on any of the flights…”, so I’m unclear what this means. Flight recorder says the device has been required in commercial aircraft in the United States since 1967, so I suppose he could have done it on a not-data-recorded flight when undergoing training seven months earlier. Nyttend (talk) 19:09, 3 October 2025 (UTC)[reply]

The NTSB report states:

There were no recorded automatic-coupled ILS approaches on any of the flights in a E-8-62 series aircraft from July through October.

I interpret this as,

On none of the flights in a E-8-62 series aircraft from July through October have automatic-coupled ILS approaches been recorded.

Or, perhaps even clearer,

None of the records from July through October of the flights in a E-8-62 series aircraft indicate that an automatic-coupled ILS approach was used.

 ​‑‑Lambiam 22:56, 3 October 2025 (UTC)[reply]

Which is exactly the difference between American exceptionalism and American nationalism? “American exceptionalism is the belief that the United States is either distinctive, unique, or exemplary compared to other nations.” Replace “American” with any other country, and isn’t that the basic definition of what each nationalism stands for? Cambalachero (talk) 04:01, 4 October 2025 (UTC)[reply]

Nationalism is like tribalism but applied to a whole state, creating an ideology based on the (usually artificially constructed) conceit that its residents form a unified nation with a shared culture: shared values, shared traditions, and a shared glorious and heroic history. The ideology emphasizes the importance of protecting the purity of this shared culture against the intrusion of elements that are foreign to it. It does not necessarily suggest that this culture is better in some objective sense but will always have the suggestion of moral superiority – which is relatively easy if the ideology grounds its notion of morality in its own mores.

The ideology of exceptionalism holds that one has the higher ground in a (usually undefined) objective sense – and even suggests that this is predetermined by the natural state of affairs. When blended with religion, this has been so ordained by God: the nation state has been selected and privileged by God – possibly in order to play the leading role in global affairs.  ​‑‑Lambiam 06:01, 4 October 2025 (UTC)[reply]

Additionally, in some contexts, American exceptionalism may refer to the belief that there is something uniquely different about the United States—it is the “exception to the rule.” For example, historians may invoke American exceptionalism to explain why unlike most Western democracies, the U.S. did not see the rise of a mass social democratic party in the 20th century. Note that this theory tends toward determinism—events and conditions in the U.S. are explained with reference to presumed innate national characteristics as opposed to the choices of individuals, or simple chance. Nathaniel Greene (talk) 03:12, 7 October 2025 (UTC)[reply]

I have it in my head that some branch of Christianity – I thought Nestorianism – particularly venerated the Biblical Magi. Have I completely made that up?

This was probably Naimans#Religion, that sounds right. It should also appear in Keraites#Nestorian_Christianity, but it isn’t mentioned there. I remember seeing religious artifacts, sculptures or a decorative screen – several things like that, all themed with a version of the three wise men, from somewhere like Mongolia or Kazakhstan. Or perhaps just one tapestry and I’m confabulating the rest. Would like to find again, anyway.  Card Zero  (talk) 16:18, 5 October 2025 (UTC)[reply]

If you search for “cult of the Magi”, you’ll find assertions of such a cult in widespread locations, including Catholic regions such as Italy (Milan, Florence, Ravenna) and the Holy Roman Empire (Cologne), but also among the Christians of Central and East Asia, who were members of the monophysitic Church of the East.  ​‑‑Lambiam 14:06, 6 October 2025 (UTC)[reply]

Obviously “veneration” is the correct term here, and worship wrong. And “cult” is being used in the old academic sense. The 3 Magi still have many strong folk traditions attached to them in Europe, covered in the article. Particular historical factors account for periodic upwellings of iconography, as here and later in Antwerp Mannerism. Johnbod (talk) 23:34, 6 October 2025 (UTC)[reply]

A problem with this term is that “Veneration of the Magi” is commonly used as a synonym of “Adoration of the Magi“.  ​‑‑Lambiam 13:50, 7 October 2025 (UTC)[reply]

No, there’s no problem – both refer to veneration/adoration BY the Magi of the baby Jesus, not the Magi as objects of worship. Johnbod (talk) 13:53, 7 October 2025 (UTC)[reply]

See also Who Were the Biblical Magi in the Syriac Christian Tradition?. Alansplodge (talk) 16:39, 7 October 2025 (UTC)[reply]

Did Nazi propaganda ever exploit the fact that the House of Windsor had historical German connections (for example King George V changed the name of the royal house from the German Saxe-Coburg and Gotha to the English Windsor due to anti-German sentiment during the First World War)? 79.30.127.225 (talk) 08:02, 7 October 2025 (UTC)[reply]

The Windsors weren’t the only. The Belgian royals were also of the house Saxe-Coburg and Gotha (their first king was an uncle of Victoria) and also changed name in response to WW1. The Dutch queen was the widow of a German nobleman and their daughter had married another, who took an active role against the Germans in WW2 (He was also a member of the Nazi party for a while. He later claimed that was purely opportunistic. An opportunist he was for sure). German nobles could be found in royal houses all over Europe. German nobility and Nazis didn’t get along very well. PiusImpavidus (talk) 09:30, 7 October 2025 (UTC)[reply]

An amazing range of West-European royalty (including the House of Windsor) has its dynastic roots in the Saxon House of Wettin.  ​‑‑Lambiam 13:38, 7 October 2025 (UTC)[reply]

Part of the Nazi ideology was “Germans good, non-Germans bad”. I don’t know if the Nazi propaganda ever used the historical German connection to paint a positive image of the British Empire in the period before 1939, but it would have been useless for the vilification that ensued when Hitler decided that Britain was an enemy that had to be destroyed (see Nazi propaganda and the United Kingdom).  ​‑‑Lambiam 13:48, 7 October 2025 (UTC)[reply]

Hitler was known to despise royalty, but fawned over the Duke of Windsor during the duke’s 1937 tour of Germany. It is widely suspected that Hitler intended to reinstate Edward as a puppet monarch if Britain had been defeated; one possible reason that Churchill packed him off to the Bahamas for the duration. Alansplodge (talk) 16:04, 7 October 2025 (UTC)[reply]

Manfred von Richthofen was killed by a single bullet. But is anything known about how many bullets had hit and (probably only slightly) damaged his aircraft in those last seconds? —KnightMove (talk) 15:50, 7 October 2025 (UTC)[reply]

I couldn’t find anything, except that the aircraft was quickly stripped for souvenirs as soon as the identity of the pilot was known. Considering the number of people who claimed to be shooting at him, it seems likely to me that there were several, but we’ll probably never know. Alansplodge (talk) 16:27, 7 October 2025 (UTC)[reply]

Featured on the cover commemorating the second anniversary of Galaxy Science Fiction magazine?

—Amble (talk) 16:19, 7 October 2025 (UTC)[reply]

The magazine had an explainer on the inside cover. It’s actually a wrap-around with more authors on the back cover. On the front are (from top-left) Damon Knight, Robert Guinn, Joan De Mario, Charles J. Robot, H.L. Gold, Ray Bradbury, W.I. Van der Poel, John Anderson, Bug Eye and Poul Anderson in the bottom-right. Simonm223 (talk) 16:40, 7 October 2025 (UTC)[reply]

You can see the whole wrap-around cover, and the key, at Archive.org. It was the top Google result for galaxy science fiction october 1952. DuncanHill (talk) 16:41, 7 October 2025 (UTC)[reply]

Nice, thank you both! Added to the image’s description. —Amble (talk) 17:15, 7 October 2025 (UTC)[reply]