William Manley: Difference between revisions

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[[Surgeon-General (United Kingdom)|Surgeon General]] ”’William George Nicholas Manley”’, {{postnominals|country=GBR|VC|CB}} (17 December 1831 – 16 November 1901) was a [[British Army]] officer, surgeon and a recipient of the [[Victoria Cross]], the highest award for gallantry in the face of the enemy that can be awarded to British and [[Commonwealth of Nations|Commonwealth]] forces. He received awards from several other countries, and is the only person to have been awarded both the VC and the [[Iron Cross]].

[[Surgeon-General (United Kingdom)|Surgeon General]] ”’William George Nicholas Manley”’, {{postnominals|country=GBR|VC|CB}} (17 December 1831 – 16 November 1901) was a [[British Army]] officer, surgeon and a recipient of the [[Victoria Cross]], the highest award for gallantry in the face of the enemy that can be awarded to British and [[Commonwealth of Nations|Commonwealth]] forces. He received awards from several other countries and is the only person to have been awarded both the VC and the [[Iron Cross]].

==Early life==

Manley was born in [[Dublin]], Ireland~~, on 17 December 1831~~, the second son of the Reverend William Nicholas Manley, his mother ~~being~~ a daughter of Dr. Brown of the Army Medical Staff. He was educated at the [[Blackheath Proprietary School]] and became a member of the [[Royal College of Surgeons of England]] in 1851.<ref name=TTObituary>{{Cite news|newspaper=[[The Times]]|title=Obituary – Surgeon-General Manley|date=19 November 1901|page=6|issue=36616}}</ref>

Manley was born in [[Dublin]], Ireland, the second son of the Reverend William Nicholas Manley his mother a daughter of Dr. Brown of the Army Medical Staff. He was educated at the [[Blackheath Proprietary School]] and became a member of the [[Royal College of Surgeons of England]] in 1851.<ref name=TTObituary>{{Cite news|newspaper=[[The Times]]|title=Obituary – Surgeon-General Manley|date=19 November 1901|page=6|issue=36616}}</ref>

==Military career==

In 1854 Manley joined the army medical staff, and was attached to the [[Royal Regiment of Artillery]] serving in [[Crimea]]. He was present for the [[Siege of Sevastopol (1854–55)|Siege of Sevastopol]] during the [[Crimean War]]. He was later posted with his regiment in New Zealand.<ref name=TTObituary />

In 1854 Manley joined the army medical staff and was attached to the [[Royal Regiment of Artillery]] serving in [[Crimea]]. He was present for the [[Siege of Sevastopol (1854–55)|Siege of Sevastopol]] during the [[Crimean War]]. He was later posted with his regiment in New Zealand.<ref name=TTObituary />

===Victoria Cross===

Manley was 32 years old, ~~and~~ an assistant surgeon in the [[Royal Regiment of Artillery]] during the [[New Zealand Wars|Waikato-Hauhau Maori War, New Zealand]] when the following deed took place on 29 April 1864 near [[Tauranga]], New Zealand, during the assault on the rebel [[pā (Māori)|pā]] (“pah”) [[Tauranga campaign|Gate Pā]], for which he was awarded the VC.

Manley was 32 years old, an assistant surgeon in the [[Royal Regiment of Artillery]] during the [[New Zealand Wars|Waikato-Hauhau Maori War, New Zealand]] when the following deed took place on 29April 1864 near [[Tauranga]], New Zealand, during the assault on the rebel [[pā (Māori)|pā]] (“pah”) [[Tauranga campaign|Gate Pā]], for which he was awarded the VC.

{{blockquote|For his conduct during the assault on the Rebel Pah, near Tauranga, New Zealand, on the 29th of April last, in most nobly risking his own life, according to the testimony of Commodore Sir William Wiseman, Bart., C.B., in his endeavour to save that of the late Commander Hay, of the Royal Navy, and others.

Having volunteered to accompany the storming party into the Pah, he attended on that Officer when he was carried away, mortally wounded, and then volunteered to return, in order to see if he could find any more wounded. It is stated that he was one of the last Officers to leave the Pah.<ref name=LG22896>{{London Gazette |issue=22896 |date=23 September 1864 |page=4552 }}</ref>}}

He ~~also~~ served in the same war under [[Trevor Chute|Sir Trevor Chute]], and was present at the assault and capture of the [[Okotukou]], [[Putahi]], Otapawe, and Waikohou Pahs. For his services on these occasions he was again mentioned in dispatches and promoted to [[staff surgeon]].<ref name=TTObituary />

He served in the same war under [[Trevor Chute|Sir Trevor Chute]] and was present at the assault and capture of the [[Okotukou]], [[Putahi]], Otapawe, and Waikohou Pahs. For his services on these occasions he was again mentioned in dispatches and promoted to [[staff surgeon]].<ref name=TTObituary />

===Later career===

When the [[Franco-Prussian War]] broke out in 1870 he proceeded with the [[British ambulances in the Franco-Prussian War|British Ambulance Corps]], and was attached to the 22nd division of the Prussian Army. He was present for several battles, and received ~~several~~ decorations including the [[Iron Cross|Iron Cross (second class)]] on the recommendation of the [[Frederick III, German Emperor|German Crown Prince]]:

When the [[Franco-Prussian War]] broke out in 1870 proceeded with the [[British ambulances in the Franco-Prussian War|British Ambulance Corps]] and was attached to the 22nd division of the Prussian Army. He was present for several battles and received decorations including the [[Iron Cross|Iron Cross (second class)]] on the recommendation of the [[Frederick III, German Emperor|German Crown Prince]]:

{{blockquote| For services with the British Ambulance Corps caring for the wounded of the 22nd Division in the actions of Chateau-neuf and Bretoncelle, on 18th and 21st December 1870, and the battles of Orleans and Cravant, on 10th December 1870.<ref name=TTObituary />}}

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==Later life==

Manley was awarded the honorary rank of [[Surgeon-General (United Kingdom)|surgeon general]] and retired from the army in 1884 with a distinguished service pension. Upon retirement he was made a [[Venerable Order of Saint John|Knight of the Venerable Order of Saint John of Jerusalem]] and a [[Companion of the Order of the Bath]]. He died in [[Cheltenham]], [[Gloucestershire]], on 16 November 1901.<ref>{{Cite journal|journal=[[The Lancet]]|volume=2|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HP5AAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA1459|page=1459|date=23 November 1901|title=William George Nicholas Manley, C.B., V.C., M.R.C.S. Eng|doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(01)74223-7|issue=4082|url-access=subscription}}</ref>

Manley was awarded the honorary rank of [[Surgeon-General (United Kingdom)|surgeon general]] and retired from the army in 1884 with a distinguished service pension. Upon retirement he was made a [[Venerable Order of Saint John|Knight of the Venerable Order of Saint John of Jerusalem]] and a [[Companion of the Order of the Bath]]. He died in [[Cheltenham]], [[Gloucestershire]], on 16November 1901.<ref>{{Cite journal|journal=[[The Lancet]]|volume=2|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HP5AAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA1459|page=1459|date=23 November 1901|title=William George Nicholas Manley, C.B., V.C., M.R.C.S. Eng|doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(01)74223-7|issue=4082|url-access=subscription}}</ref>

==Family==

~~Manley~~ married Miss M. E. Darton, daughter of Thomas Hartwood Darton, of [[Temple Dinsley]], [[Hertfordshire]]. They had one daughter and five sons, including Lieutenant G. E. D. Manley, who died while on service in China shortly before his father’s death in 1901.<ref name=TTObituary />

married Miss M. E. Darton, daughter of Thomas Hartwood Darton, of [[Temple Dinsley]], [[Hertfordshire]]. They had one daughter and five sons, including Lieutenant G.E.D. Manley, who died while on service in China shortly before his father’s death in 1901.<ref name=TTObituary />

==Honours and awards==

[[File:William Manley VC Blue plaque Cheltenham Flickr 6234554182.jpg|thumb|~~right|{{center~~|Blue plaque honouring William Manley VC in Cheltenham}}]]

[[File:William Manley VC Blue plaque Cheltenham Flickr 6234554182.jpg|thumb||Blue plaque honouring William Manley VC in Cheltenham]]

Manley was awarded 18 medals by several countries, and was the only recipient of both the VC and the Iron Cross, the highest medals of the United Kingdom and Prussia (later part of the German Empire).

Manley was awarded 18 medals by several countries and was the only recipient of both the VC and the Iron Cross, the highest medals of the United Kingdom and Prussia (later part of the German Empire).

Among his awards were:<ref name=TTObituary />

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|[[File:Crimea Medal BAR.svg|center|80px]] || [[Crimea Medal]] ||

*Decoration awarded on 1855

*Decoration awarded 1855

*Clasp : Sebastopol

*{{Flagicon|United Kingdom}}

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|[[File:Afghanistan Medal BAR.svg|center|80px]] || [[Afghanistan Medal (United Kingdom)|Afghanistan Medal]] ||

*Decoration awarded on 1879

*Decoration awarded 1879

*Bar ??

*{{Flagicon|United Kingdom}}

|[[File:Egypt Medal BAR.svg|80px]] || [[Egypt Medal]] ||

*Decoration awarded on 1882

*Decoration awarded 1882

*Bar Tel-El-Kebir

*{{Flagicon|United Kingdom}}

|[[File:Order of the Bath (ribbon).svg|80px]] || [[Order of the Bath]] ||

*Decoration awarded on 1894

*Decoration awarded 1894

*Companion level (CB)

*{{Flagicon|United Kingdom}}

|[[File:Order of St John (UK) ribbon -vector.svg|80px]] || [[Order of Saint John (chartered 1888)|Order of St John]] (chartered 1888) ||

*Decoration awarded on 1894

*Decoration awarded 1894

*Knight of Grace level (KStJ)

*{{Flagicon|United Kingdom}}

|[[File:PRU Non-combatant ribbon.png|center|80px]] || [[Iron Cross]] ||

*Decoration awarded on 1871

*Decoration awarded 1871

*2nd Class for Non-combatants

*{{Flagicon|Kingdom of Prussia}}

|[[File:War Commemorative Medal of 1870-1871.jpg|80px]] || [[War Commemorative Medal of 1870/71]] ||

*Decoration awarded on 1871

*Decoration awarded 1871

*Made of steel as for Non-combatants

*{{Flagicon|German Empire}}

| || [[Military Merit Order (Bavaria)]] ||

*Decoration awarded on 1871

*Decoration awarded 1871

*{{Flagicon|Kingdom of Bavaria}}

|[[File:Order of the Osmanie lenta.png|80px]] || [[Order of Osmanieh]] ||

*Decoration awarded on 1880

*Decoration awarded 1880

*third class

*{{Flagicon|Ottoman Empire}}

|[[File:Khedives Star.png|80px]] || [[Khedive’s Star]] ||

*Decoration awarded on 1882

*Decoration awarded 1882

*{{Flagicon|Ottoman Empire}}

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| || [[Royal Humane Society]] ||

*Decoration awarded on 1855

*Decoration awarded 1855

*{{Flagicon|United Kingdom}}

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[[Category:Military personnel from Dublin (city)]]

[[Category:Irish military doctors]]

[[Category:19th-century surgeons]]

British army officer

Surgeon General William George Nicholas Manley, VC CB (17 December 1831 – 16 November 1901) was a British Army officer, surgeon and a recipient of the Victoria Cross, the highest award for gallantry in the face of the enemy that can be awarded to British and Commonwealth forces. He received awards from several other countries and is the only person to have been awarded both the VC and the Iron Cross.

Manley was born on 17 December 1831 in Dublin, Ireland, the second son of the Reverend William Nicholas Manley; his mother was a daughter of Dr. Brown of the Army Medical Staff. He was educated at the Blackheath Proprietary School and became a member of the Royal College of Surgeons of England in 1851.^[1]

In 1854 Manley joined the army medical staff and was attached to the Royal Regiment of Artillery serving in Crimea. He was present for the Siege of Sevastopol during the Crimean War. He was later posted with his regiment in New Zealand.^[1]

Manley was 32 years old, an assistant surgeon in the Royal Regiment of Artillery during the Waikato-Hauhau Maori War, New Zealand, when the following deed took place on 29 April 1864 near Tauranga, New Zealand, during the assault on the rebel pā (“pah”) Gate Pā, for which he was awarded the VC.

For his conduct during the assault on the Rebel Pah, near Tauranga, New Zealand, on the 29th of April last, in most nobly risking his own life, according to the testimony of Commodore Sir William Wiseman, Bart., C.B., in his endeavour to save that of the late Commander Hay, of the Royal Navy, and others.
Having volunteered to accompany the storming party into the Pah, he attended on that Officer when he was carried away, mortally wounded, and then volunteered to return, in order to see if he could find any more wounded. It is stated that he was one of the last Officers to leave the Pah.^[2]

He served in the same war under Sir Trevor Chute and was present at the assault and capture of the Okotukou, Putahi, Otapawe, and Waikohou Pahs. For his services on these occasions he was again mentioned in dispatches and promoted to staff surgeon.^[1]

When the Franco-Prussian War broke out in 1870, Manley proceeded with the British Ambulance Corps and was attached to the 22nd division of the Prussian Army. He was present for several battles and received a number of decorations including the Iron Cross (second class) on the recommendation of the German Crown Prince:

For services with the British Ambulance Corps caring for the wounded of the 22nd Division in the actions of Chateau-neuf and Bretoncelle, on 18th and 21st December 1870, and the battles of Orleans and Cravant, on 10th December 1870.^[1]

In 1878–79 he served with the Quetta Field force in the Second Anglo-Afghan War, and in 1882 he was in Egypt for the Anglo-Egyptian War as Principal Medical officer of the Second Division under Sir Edward Hamley and was present at the Battle of Tel el-Kebir. After this war he was promoted to Deputy Surgeon-General.^[1]

Manley was awarded the honorary rank of surgeon general and retired from the army in 1884 with a distinguished service pension. Upon retirement he was made a Knight of the Venerable Order of Saint John of Jerusalem and a Companion of the Order of the Bath. He died in Cheltenham, Gloucestershire, on 16 November 1901.^[3]

He married Miss M. E. Darton, daughter of Thomas Hartwood Darton, of Temple Dinsley, Hertfordshire. They had one daughter and five sons, including Lieutenant G. E. D. Manley, who died while on service in China shortly before his father’s death in 1901.^[1]

Blue plaque honouring William Manley VC in Cheltenham

Manley was awarded 18 medals by several countries and was the only recipient of both the VC and the Iron Cross, the highest medals of the United Kingdom and Prussia (later part of the German Empire).

Among his awards were:^[1]

During his time in New Zealand he also received the bronze medal of the Royal Humane Society for rescuing a man from drowning,^[6] and after the siege of Paris he received the Cross of the Société française de secours aux blessés militaires.^[1]^[7]

His medals are on display in the medals gallery of Firepower – The Royal Artillery Museum in Woolwich, south east London.^{[citation needed]}

^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h “Obituary – Surgeon-General Manley”. The Times. No. 36616. 19 November 1901. p. 6.
^ “No. 22896”. The London Gazette. 23 September 1864. p. 4552.
^ “William George Nicholas Manley, C.B., V.C., M.R.C.S. Eng”. The Lancet. 2 (4082): 1459. 23 November 1901. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(01)74223-7.
^ “Published by The London Gazette” (PDF). The Queen of United Kingdom. Archived from the original (PDF) on 5 November 2019. Retrieved 5 November 2019.
^ Victoria Cross: London Gazette of 23 September 1864 “For his conduct during the assault on the Rebel Pah, near Tauranga, New Zealand, on the 29th of April last, in most nobly risking his own life, according to the testimony of Commodore Sir William Wiseman, Bart., C.B., in his endeavour to save that of the late Commander Hay, of the Royal Navy, and others. Having volunteered to accompany the storming party into the Pah, he attended on that Officer when he was carried away, mortally wounded, and then volunteered to return, in order to see if he could find any more wounded. It is stated that he was one of the last Officers to leave the Pah.”
^ Wright-St Clair, Rex Earl (2003). “Historia Nunc Vivat: Medical Practitioners in New Zealand 1840 to 1930” (PDF). Auckland University Library. Retrieved 20 April 2022.
^ Wilkins, Philip Aveling (1904). The History of the Victoria Cross. A. Constable. pp. 190–191.

Power, D’Arcy (1912). “Manley, William George Nicholas” . In Lee, Sidney (ed.). Dictionary of National Biography (2nd supplement). London: Smith, Elder & Co.
D’A. Power, rev. Bertrand O. Taithe. “Manley, William George Nicholas (1831–1901)”. Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/34850. (Subscription, Wikipedia Library access or UK public library membership required.)
The Register of the Victoria Cross (1981, 1988 and 1997)
Clarke, Brian D. H. (1986). “A register of awards to Irish-born officers and men”. The Irish Sword. XVI (64): 185–287.
Ireland’s VCs, Dept of Economic Development, 1995, ISBN 1-899243-00-3
Monuments to Courage, David Harvey, 1999
Doherty, Richard; Truesdale, David (2000). Irish Winners of the Victoria Cross. Four Courts. ISBN 9781851824915.

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