=== October–December ===
=== October–December ===
* [[October 13]] – In the [[Battle of Breadfield|Battle of the Breadfield]], the army of the [[Kingdom of Hungary]], led by [[Pál Kinizsi]] and [[István Báthory]], defeats the army of the [[Ottoman Empire]] and [[Transylvania]] and [[Hungary]], leaving at least 10,000 Ottoman Turks dead.
* [[October 13]] – In the [[Battle of Breadfield|Battle of the Breadfield]], the army of the [[Kingdom of Hungary]], led by [[Pál Kinizsi]] and [[István Báthory]], defeats the army of the [[Ottoman Empire]] and [[Transylvania]] and [[Hungary]], leaving at least 10,000 Ottoman Turks dead.
* [[November 5]] – Grand Admiral [[Gedik Ahmed Pasha]] of the Ottoman Navy gives the order to ravage the Greek island of [[Zakynthos]], at the time a territory of the [[Republic of Venice]], and the Ottoman troops <ref>[[History of Zakynthos#Ottoman Turkish raid (1479)|destroy most of the island’s churches and monasteries]] and many of its dwellings.William Miller, ”The Latins in the Levant: A History of Frankish Greece (1204–1566)” (Cambridge University Press, 1964)</ref>
* [[November 5]] – Grand Admiral [[Gedik Ahmed Pasha]] of the Ottoman Navy gives the order to ravage the Greek island of [[Zakynthos]], at the time a territory of the [[Republic of Venice]], and the Ottoman troops [[History of Zakynthos#Ottoman Turkish raid (1479)|destroy most of the island’s churches and monasteries]] and many of its dwellings.William Miller, ”The Latins in the Levant: A History of Frankish Greece (1204–1566)” (Cambridge University Press, 1964)</ref>
* [[December 19]] – The surviving suspect in the [[Pazzi conspiracy]] and April 26, 1478, assassination of [[Giuliano de’ Medici]] in the Republic of Florence, is executed after being returned to Florence by order of the Ottoman Sultan [[Mehmed II]]. The conspirator, [[Bernardo Bandini dei Baroncelli]], is hanged from a window of the [[Bargello|Palazzo del Popolo]], Florence’s “Palace of the People”.<ref>{{cite book |last=Hibbert |first=Christopher |title=The rise and fall of the house of Medici |publication-place=Harmondsworth, Middlesex |publisher=Penguin UK |date=1979 |orig-year=1974 |page=142 |isbn=0-14-005090-6}}</ref>
* [[December 19]] – The surviving suspect in the [[Pazzi conspiracy]] and April 26, 1478, assassination of [[Giuliano de’ Medici]] in the Republic of Florence, is executed after being returned to Florence by order of the Ottoman Sultan [[Mehmed II]]. The conspirator, [[Bernardo Bandini dei Baroncelli]], is hanged from a window of the [[Bargello|Palazzo del Popolo]], Florence’s “Palace of the People”.<ref>{{cite book |last=Hibbert |first=Christopher |title=The rise and fall of the house of Medici |publication-place=Harmondsworth, Middlesex |publisher=Penguin UK |date=1979 |orig-year=1974 |page=142 |isbn=0-14-005090-6}}</ref>
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Calendar year
Year 1479 (MCDLXXIX) was a common year starting on Friday of the Julian calendar.
- January 20 – Fernando II already co-ruler of Crown of Castile with his wife, Isabella I, becomes the King of Aragon upon the death of his father, King Juan II of Aragon and Navarre. He and Isabella rule together over Aragon and Castile, unifying the two kingdoms and controlling most of the Iberian Peninsula. At the same time, King Juan’s daughter, Leonor de Trastámara, who had served as regent during times when her father was away fighting in war, becomes Queen of Navarre.[1]
- January 25 – The Treaty of Constantinople is signed between the Ottoman Empire and Republic of Venice, ending 16 years of war between the two powers; Venice will cede Negroponte, Lemnos and Shkodër, and pay an annual sum of 10,000 gold ducats.[2]
- January 28 – Leonor de Trastamara, who had served as regent of the Kingdom of Navarre in Spain during the absence of her father, Juan II, is crowned at Tudela. She dies 15 days later at the age of 53.[3]
- February 12 – Francisco Febo becomes the King of Navarre at the age of 11 upon the death of his grandmother, Queen Leonor (whose late son Gaston de Foix was Francisco’s father). Francisco’s mother, Magdalena of Valois, serves as regent.[4]
- March 26 – Matthias Corvinus, King of Hungary, concludes a treaty with the Swiss Confederacy hindering the recruitment of Swiss mercenaries by the Emperor.[5]
- July 21 – The Peace of Olomouc is ratified by King Matthias and King Vladislaus during festivities in Olomouc.[6]
- August 7 – The Battle of Guinegate is fought in the Duchy of Burgundy at what is now the French town of Enguinegatte, as at least 12,000 French infantry, 4,000 cavalry and 8,000 archers commanded by Philippe de Crèvecœur d’Esquerdes are confronted by Maximilian, Duke of Burgundy whose 16,000 men have superior weapons, including the pike. With 11,000 troops grouped in formations of 100 men apiece using the pike square formation” borrowed from Switzerland, the Burgundian troops defeat the French invasion.[8]
- September 4 – The Treaty of Alcáçovas (also known as the Treaty or Peace of Alcáçovas-Toledo) is signed between the Catholic Monarchs of Castile and Aragon on one side, and the King of Portugal and his son on the other side, ending the four-year War of the Castilian Succession.[9]
- October 13 – In the Battle of the Breadfield, the army of the Kingdom of Hungary, led by Pál Kinizsi and István Báthory, defeats the army of the Ottoman Empire and Transylvania and Hungary, leaving at least 10,000 Ottoman Turks dead.
- November 5 – Grand Admiral Gedik Ahmed Pasha of the Ottoman Navy gives the order to ravage the Greek island of Zakynthos, at the time a territory of the Republic of Venice, and the Ottoman troops destroy most of the island’s churches and monasteries and many of its dwellings. [10]
- December 19 – The surviving suspect in the Pazzi conspiracy and April 26, 1478, assassination of Giuliano de’ Medici in the Republic of Florence, is executed after being returned to Florence by order of the Ottoman Sultan Mehmed II. The conspirator, Bernardo Bandini dei Baroncelli, is hanged from a window of the Palazzo del Popolo, Florence’s “Palace of the People”.[11]
- March 12 – Giuliano de’ Medici, Duke of Nemours (d. 1516)
- March 13 – Lazarus Spengler, German hymnwriter (d. 1534)
- March 20 – Ippolito d’Este, Italian Catholic cardinal (d. 1520)
- March 25 – Vasili III of Russia, Grand Prince of Moscow (d. 1533)
- May 3 – Henry V, Duke of Mecklenburg (d. 1552)
- May 5 – Guru Amar Das, third Sikh Guru (d. 1574)
- May 12 – Pompeo Colonna, Italian Catholic cardinal (d. 1532)
- June 14 – Giglio Gregorio Giraldi, Italian scholar and poet (d. 1552)
- June 15 – Lisa del Giocondo, Florentine noblewoman believed to be the subject of the Mona Lisa (d. 1542)
- August 14 – Catherine of York, English princess, aunt of Henry VIII (d. 1527)[14]
- September 17 – Celio Calcagnini, Italian astronomer (d. 1541)
- October 28 – John Gage, English courtier of the Tudor period (d. 1556)
- November 6
- December – Ayşe Hafsa Sultan, Ottoman Valide Sultan (d. 1534)
- date unknown
- probable – Henry Stafford, 1st Earl of Wiltshire (d. 1522)
- January 18 – Louis IX, Duke of Bavaria (b. 1417)
- January 20 – King John II of Aragon (b. 1397)
- February – Antonello da Messina, Italian painter (b. c. 1430)
- February 10 – Catherine of Cleves, duchess consort regent of Guelders (b. 1417)
- February 12 – Eleanor of Navarre, queen regnant of Navarre (b. 1426)
- April 24 – Jorge Manrique, Spanish poet (b. 1440)
- June 11 – John of Sahagún, Spanish Augustinian friar, priest and saint (b. 1419)
- September 10 – Jacopo Piccolomini-Ammannati, Italian Catholic cardinal (b. 1422)
- September 18 – Fulk Bourchier, 10th Baron FitzWarin, English baron (b. 1445)
- November 6 – James Hamilton, 1st Lord Hamilton
- date unknown
- ^ Vicens Vives, Jaume (2003) [1st pub. 1953]. Juan II de Aragón (1398-1479): monarquía y revolución en la España del siglo XV [Juan II of Aragon (1398-1479): Monarchy and Revolution in 15th Century Spain]. Pamplona: Urgoiti Publishing. p. 385. ISBN 84-932479-8-7.
- ^ Setton, Kenneth M. (1978). The Papacy and the Levant (1204–1571), Volume II: The Fifteenth Century. Philadelphia: The American Philosophical Society. p. 328. ISBN 0-87169-127-2.
- ^ Anthony, R. (1931). Identification et Étude des Ossements des Rois de Navarre inhumés dans la Cathédrale de Lescar [Identification and Study of the Bones of the Kings of Navarre buried in the Cathedral of Lescar]. Archives du Muséum, 6e series (in French). Vol. VII. Masson et Cie. p. 10.
- ^ Orpustan, Jean-Baptiste (2007). La Basse-Navarre dans la guerre de Navarre (1512-1530), récit historique, d’après Navarra, 1512-1530… de Pedro Esarte Muniain (Pamiela, Pamplona-Iruña 2001) [Lower Navarre in the War of Navarre (1512-1530), historical narrative, according to the book ‘Navarra, 1512-1530: …’ by Pedro Esarte Muniain (Pamiela, Pamplona-Iruña 2001)] (in French). Osses: Jean-Baptiste Orpustan. p. 3.
- ^ E. Kovács, Péter (1990). Matthias Corvinus (in Hungarian). Officina Nova. p. 120. ISBN 963-7835-49-0.
- ^ a b Engel, Pál (translated by Tamas Palosfalvi), The Realm of St Stephen: A History of Medieval Hungary, 895-1526. I.B. Tauris, 2005, p.305 ISBN 1-85043-977-X
- ^ “History of the University of Copenhagen about 1479”. University of Copenhagen. September 23, 2010. Archived from the original on April 1, 2019. Retrieved August 25, 2020.
- ^ Querengässer, Alexander (2021). Before the Military Revolution: European Warfare and the Rise of the Early Modern State 1300–1490. Oxbow Books. p. 152. ISBN 978-1-78925-672-7. Retrieved 13 November 2021.
- ^ Stephen R. Bown, 1494: How a Family Feud in Medieval Spain Divided the World in Half (Douglas and McIntyre, 2013) p.76 ISBN 9781553659099
- ^ William Miller, The Latins in the Levant: A History of Frankish Greece (1204–1566) (Cambridge University Press, 1964)
- ^ Hibbert, Christopher (1979) [1974]. The rise and fall of the house of Medici. Harmondsworth, Middlesex: Penguin UK. p. 142. ISBN 0-14-005090-6.
- ^ Brown, Alison (1979). Bartolomeo Scala, 1430-1497, Chancellor of Florence : the humanist as bureaucrat. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press. p. 87. ISBN 978-1-4008-6753-0. OCLC 767801631.
- ^ “Meditations, or the Contemplations of the Most Devout”. World Digital Library. 1479. Retrieved 2013-09-04.
- ^ Panton, James (February 24, 2011). Historical Dictionary of the British Monarchy. Scarecrow Press. p. 92. ISBN 978-0-8108-7497-8.
