1990 Malaysian general election: Difference between revisions

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{{Election results

{{Election results

|alliance1=[[Barisan Nasional]]|aspan1=4|party1=[[United Malays National Organisation]]|votes1=85315|seats1=4|sc1=0

|alliance1=[[Barisan Nasional]]|aspan1=4|party1=[[United Malays National Organisation]]|votes1=85315|seats1=4|sc1=0

|party2=[[Parti Gerakan Rakyat Malaysia]]|votes2=64485|seats2=1|sc2=0

|party2=[[Parti Gerakan Rakyat Malaysia]]|votes2=|seats2=1|sc2=0

|party3=[[Malaysian Chinese Association]]|votes3=63732|seats3=0|sc3=0

|party3=[[Malaysian Chinese Association]]|votes3=|seats3=0|sc3=0

|atotal4=213532|aseats4=5|sc4=0

|atotal4=213532|aseats4=5|sc4=0

|alliance5=[[Democratic Action Party]]|votes5=170053|seats5=6|sc5=0

|alliance5=[[Democratic Action Party]]|votes5=170053|seats5=6|sc5=0

1990 Malaysian general election
Registered 7,958,640

General elections were held in Malaysia on 20 and 21 October 1990. Voting took place in all 180 parliamentary constituencies of Malaysia, each electing one Member of Parliament to the Dewan Rakyat, the dominant house of Parliament.[1] State elections also took place in 351 state constituencies in 11 (out of 13, except Sabah and Sarawak) states of Malaysia on the same day.

The result was a victory for the Barisan Nasional (BN) at the federal level and state except state of Kelantan with opposition alliance Angkatan Perpaduan Ummah (APU) winning all 39 state assembly seats with 24 seats going to PAS and 15 for Semangat 46.[2]

Background

The elections marked the first after United Malays National Organisation (UMNO) party split and the subsequent constitutional crisis in 1988. The reconstituted UMNO Baru (New UMNO), led by incumbent Prime Minister Mahathir Mohamad, and the newly formed Semangat 46 (S46), led by Tengku Razaleigh Hamzah, contested for the first time in the elections.

It also marked the first time in country general election history when a credible, multi-ethnic coalition have been formed the challenge the dominance of Barisan Nasional. This also lead the country political scene from a dominant party system into two party system.[3] The Muslim opposition parties, Pan-Malaysian Islamic Party (PAS), Semangat 46, Barisan Jemaah Islamiah Se-Malaysia (BERJASA) and Parti Hizbul Muslimin Malaysia (HAMIM) teamed up to form the Angkatan Perpaduan Ummah (APU). On the other hand, Semangat 46, Democratic Action Party (DAP) and Parti Bersatu Sabah (PBS), which withdrew from the Barisan Nasional (BN) at the eleventh hour of the general election, teamed up as Gagasan Rakyat. However, these two opposition alliances cooperated in the election but not openly due to the sensitivity of the secular DAP and the Islamic PAS working together.

Results

At the federal level, the BN coalition under the leadership of incumbent Prime Minister Mahathir Mohamad won 127 of the 180 parliament seats to form the federal government.

Party or alliance Votes % Seats +/–
Barisan Nasional United Malays National Organisation 2,985,392 53.38 71 –12
Malaysian Chinese Association 18 +1
Parti Pesaka Bumiputera Bersatu 10 +2
Malaysian Indian Congress 6 0
United Sabah National Organisation 6 +1
Parti Gerakan Rakyat Malaysia 5 0
Parti Bansa Dayak Sarawak 4 –1
Sarawak United Peoples’ Party 4 0
Sarawak National Party 3 –1
People’s Progressive Party 0 0
Total 127 –21
Angkatan
Perpaduan Ummah		 Semangat 46 842,342 15.06 8 New
Pan-Malaysian Islamic Party 375,869 6.72 7 +6
Total 1,218,211 21.78 15 +14
Gagasan Rakyat Democratic Action Party 985,228 17.61 20 –4
United Sabah Party 128,260 2.29 14 +4
Total 1,113,488 19.91 34 0
Parti Rakyat Malaysia 56,462 1.01 0 0
Sarawak Malaysian People’s Association 35,310 0.63 0 New
People’s Justice Front 12,655 0.23 0 New
Sarawak United Labour Party 162 0.00 0 0
Independents 171,547 3.07 4 0
Total 5,593,227 100.00 180 +3
Valid votes 5,593,227 97.24
Invalid/blank votes 158,498 2.76
Total votes 5,751,725 100.00
Registered voters/turnout 7,924,178 72.58
Source: Nohlen et al., CLEA, IPU

Total registered voters above refer to total electorate of constituencies. Total electorate of Malaysia including two uncontested constituencies is 7958640.[4] AMIPF candidates contested under DAP banner with the exception of AMIPF candidate of Kuala Selangor (who contested under S46).[5] HAMIM candidate contested under S46 banner.[5]

For the section below, invalid/blank votes includes the count of unreturned ballots. Detailed breakdown is provided under each state section.

By state

Johor

Party or alliance Votes % Seats +/–
Barisan Nasional United Malays National Organisation 288,587 41.57 12 0
Malaysian Chinese Association 118,197 17.03 5 0
Malaysian Indian Congress 20,070 2.89 1 0
Total 426,854 61.49 18 0
Semangat 46 142,227 20.49 0 New
Democratic Action Party 104,840 15.10 0 0
Parti Rakyat Malaysia 17,583 2.53 0 0
Independents 2,707 0.39 0 0
Total 694,211 100.00 18 0
Valid votes 694,211 96.07
Invalid/blank votes 28,382 3.93
Total votes 722,593 100.00
Registered voters/turnout 972,171 74.33
Source: Tindak Malaysia Github [1]

Rejected Votes is 26670 and Unreturned ballots is 1712[4]

Kedah

Party or alliance Votes % Seats +/–
Barisan Nasional United Malays National Organisation 258,834 53.64 12 0
Malaysian Chinese Association 41,871 8.68 2 0
Total 300,705 62.32 14 0
Semangat 46 90,388 18.73 0 New
Pan-Malaysian Islamic Party 76,936 15.94 0 0
Democratic Action Party 5,360 1.11 0 0

HAMIM		 8,619 1.79 0 –
Independents 537 0.11 0 0
Total 482,545 100.00 14 0
Valid votes 482,545 96.77
Invalid/blank votes 16,130 3.23
Total votes 498,675 100.00
Registered voters/turnout 657,322 75.86
Source: Tindak Malaysia Github [2]

HAMIM contested under the S46 Banner[5]

Rejected votes is 14838 and Unreturned ballots is 1292[4]

Kelantan

Rejected votes is 10173 and Unreturned ballots is 1313[4]

Kuala Lumpur

Party or alliance Votes % Seats +/–
Barisan Nasional United Malays National Organisation 52,822 14.81 2 0
Malaysian Chinese Association 64,255 18.02 0 0
Parti Gerakan Rakyat Malaysia 36,646 10.28 1 0
Total 153,723 43.11 3 0
Democratic Action Party 141,724 39.75 4 0
Semangat 46 33,417 9.37 0 New
Parti Rakyat Malaysia 25,259 7.08 0 –
Independents 2,432 0.68 0 0
Total 356,555 100.00 7 0
Valid votes 356,555 97.55
Invalid/blank votes 8,954 2.45
Total votes 365,509 100.00
Registered voters/turnout 527,834 69.25
Source: Tindak Malaysia Github [4]

Rejected votes is 4215 and Unreturned Ballots is 4739[4]

Labuan

Party or alliance Votes % Seats +/–
Barisan Nasional United Malays National Organisation 7,130 59.69 1 +1
Independents 4,816 40.31 0 –1
Total 11,946 100.00 1 0
Valid votes 11,946 95.65
Invalid/blank votes 543 4.35
Total votes 12,489 100.00
Registered voters/turnout 16,388 76.21
Source: Tindak Malaysia Github [5]

Rejected votes is 165 and Unreturned Ballots is 378[4]

Malacca

Party or alliance Votes % Seats +/–
Barisan Nasional United Malays National Organisation 81,588 40.42 3 0
Malaysian Chinese Association 41,946 20.78 1 0
Total 120,233 59.56 4 0
Semangat 46 40,326 19.98 0 New
Democratic Action Party 33,993 16.84 1 0
Pan-Malaysian Islamic Party 4,019 1.99 0 0
Total 201,872 100.00 5 0
Valid votes 201,872 96.80
Invalid/blank votes 6,667 3.20
Total votes 208,539 100.00
Registered voters/turnout 265,059 78.68
Source: Tindak Malaysia Githb [6]

Rejected votes is 6284 and Unreturned Ballots is 383[4]

Negeri Sembilan

Party or alliance Votes % Seats +/–
Barisan Nasional United Malays National Organisation 77,005 30.50 4 0
Malaysian Chinese Association 52,746 20.89 2 +2
Malaysian Indian Congress 22,367 8.86 1 0
Total 152,118 60.25 7 +2
Democratic Action Party 49,633 19.66 0 -2
Semangat 46 41,857 16.58 0 New
AMIPF 8,888 3.52 0 New
Total 252,496 100.00 7 0
Valid votes 252,496 96.00
Invalid/blank votes 10,509 4.00
Total votes 263,005 100.00
Registered voters/turnout 345,468 76.13
Source: Tindak Malaysia Github [7]

AMIPF candidate for Negeri Sembilan contested using DAP ticket[5]

Rejected Votes is 7935 and Unreturned Ballots is 2574[4]

Pahang

Party or alliance Votes % Seats +/–
Barisan Nasional United Malays National Organisation 145,611 45.10 7 0
Malaysian Chinese Association 57,893 17.93 3 0
Total 203,504 63.04 10 0
Semangat 46 66,337 20.55 0 New
Pan-Malaysian Islamic Party 29,960 9.28 0 0
Democratic Action Party 23,030 7.13 0 0
Total 322,831 100.00 10 0
Valid votes 322,831 95.89
Invalid/blank votes 13,824 4.11
Total votes 336,655 100.00
Registered voters/turnout 452,997 74.32
Source: Tindak Malaysia Github [8]

Rejected votes is 11627 and Unreturned Ballots is 2197[4]

Penang

Party or alliance Votes % Seats +/–
Barisan Nasional United Malays National Organisation 85,315 20.38 4 0
Parti Gerakan Rakyat Malaysia 87,998 21.02 1 0
Malaysian Chinese Association 40,219 9.61 0 0
Total 213,532 51.00 5 0
Democratic Action Party 170,053 40.61 6 0
Pan-Malaysian Islamic Party 14,322 3.42 0 0
Parti Rakyat Malaysia 13,620 3.25 0 0
Semangat 46 7,174 1.71 0 New
Total 418,701 100.00 11 0
Valid votes 418,701 97.81
Invalid/blank votes 9,371 2.19
Total votes 428,072 100.00
Registered voters/turnout 559,223 76.55

Perak

Party or alliance Votes % Seats +/–
Barisan Nasional United Malays National Organisation 391,628 56.17 11 0
Malaysian Chinese Association 3 0
Parti Gerakan Rakyat Malaysia 3 0
Malaysian Indian Congress 2 0
Total 19 0
Democratic Action Party 186,147 26.70 4 0
Semangat 46 82,971 11.90 0 0
Pan-Malaysian Islamic Party 33,955 4.87 0 0
Independents 2,516 0.36 0 0
Total 697,217 100.00 23 0
Valid votes 697,217 96.87
Invalid/blank votes 22,514 3.13
Total votes 719,731 100.00
Registered voters/turnout 1,031,381 69.78

Perlis

Sabah

Total Electorate of Sabah including one uncontested constituency (Keningau) is 523995.[4]

Sarawak

The registered voter turnout refers to total electorate of contested constituencies. Total electorate of Sarawak including one uncontested constituency (Lubok Antu) is 703061.[4]

Selangor

Terengganu

See also

Notes

References

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