Baqi ibn Makhlad: Difference between revisions

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”’Abu Abd al-Rahman Baqi ibn Makhlad al-Andalusi”’ was a Spanish [[jurist]], [[mufassir]], soldier, and the founder of the hadith schools in [[Islamic Spain]].<ref>Nuri Mu’ammar, al-Imam Abu ‘Abd al-Rahman Baqi ibn Makhlad, Manshurat ‘Ukaz, Casablanca, 1988</ref><ref>Muhammad bin Wadah al-Qurtubi, Founder of the School of Hadith in Andalusia with Baqi ibn Makhlad, by Dr. Nuri Muammar</ref><ref>Al-Mizzi, Tahdhib al-Kamal fi Asma’ al-Rijal</ref> Nicknamed as the ”Pillar of hadith in the West” ,<ref>Al-Dhahabi, Siyar A‘lam al-Nubala’, Vol. 13</ref>ibn Makhlad compiled the Musnad Baqi ibn Makhlad, the largest hadith book collection ever compiled,<ref>Ibn ʿAsākir: Taʾrīḫ madīnat Dimašq. Ed. ʿUmar ibn Ġarāma al-ʿUmarī. Bd. 10. Dār al-Fikr, Beirut, 1995. S. 354–359.</ref> containing over 100,000 narrations,<ref>Baqi b. Makhlad — Encyclopaedia of Islam, Brill Online.</ref> which included narrations from more than 300 [[Companions of the Prophet]] [[Muhammad]]. Most of its [[musnad]]s were lost following the [[Spanish Reconquista]], resulting in the disappearance of one of the most significant western contributions to [[arabic literature|hadith literature]].<ref>Isabel Fierro Bello: La Heterodoxia en Al-Andalus durante el periodo Omeya. Instituto Hispano-Arabe de Cultura, Madrid, 1987. S. 80–88.</ref>

”’Abu Abd al-Rahman Baqi ibn Makhlad al-Andalusi”’ was a Spanish [[jurist]], [[mufassir]], soldier, and the founder of the hadith in [[Islamic Spain]].<ref>Nuri Mu’ammar, al-Imam Abu ‘Abd al-Rahman Baqi ibn Makhlad, Manshurat ‘Ukaz, Casablanca, 1988</ref><ref>Muhammad bin Wadah al-Qurtubi, Founder of the School of Hadith in Andalusia with Baqi ibn Makhlad, by Dr. Nuri Muammar</ref><ref>Al-Mizzi, Tahdhib al-Kamal fi Asma’ al-Rijal</ref> Nicknamed as the ”Pillar of hadith in the West” ,<ref>Al-Dhahabi, Siyar A‘lam al-Nubala’, Vol. 13</ref>ibn Makhlad compiled the Musnad Baqi ibn Makhlad, the largest hadith book collection ever compiled,<ref>Ibn ʿAsākir: Taʾrīḫ madīnat Dimašq. Ed. ʿUmar ibn Ġarāma al-ʿUmarī. Bd. 10. Dār al-Fikr, Beirut, 1995. S. 354–359.</ref> containing over 100,000 narrations,<ref>Baqi b. Makhlad — Encyclopaedia of Islam, Brill Online.</ref> which included narrations from more than 300 [[Companions of the Prophet]] [[Muhammad]]. Most of its [[musnad]]s were lost following the [[Spanish Reconquista]], resulting in the disappearance of one of the most significant western contributions to [[arabic literature|hadith literature]].<ref>Isabel Fierro Bello: La Heterodoxia en Al-Andalus durante el periodo Omeya. Instituto Hispano-Arabe de Cultura, Madrid, 1987. S. 80–88.</ref>

<ref>Maher Jarrar: Die Prophetenbiographie im islamischen Spanien. Ein Beitrag zur Überlieferungs- und Redaktionsgeschichte. Peter Lang, Frankfurt/Main, 1989. S. 88–91</ref><ref>Manuela Marín: “Baqī b. Majlad y la introducción del estudio del ḥadīt̲ en al-Andalus” in Al-Qanṭara 1 (1980) 165–208</ref>

<ref>Maher Jarrar: Die Prophetenbiographie im islamischen Spanien. Ein Beitrag zur Überlieferungs- und Redaktionsgeschichte. Peter Lang, Frankfurt/Main, 1989. S. 88–91</ref><ref>Manuela Marín: “Baqī b. Majlad y la introducción del estudio del ḥadīt̲ en al-Andalus” in Al-Qanṭara 1 (1980) 165–208</ref>

<ref>Yāqūt ar-Rūmī: Kitāb Iršād al-arīb ilā maʿrifat al-adīb al-maʿrūf bi-Muʿǧam al-udabāʾ wa-ṭabaqāt al-udabāʾ. Ed. by D. S. Margoliouth. Brill, Leiden, 1907–1926. Bd. II, S. 368–371</ref><ref>[[Charles Pellat]]: Art. Baḳī ibn Makhlad. In: The Encyclopaedia of Islam. New Edition. Bd. I, S. 956b-957a.</ref>

<ref>Yāqūt ar-Rūmī: Kitāb Iršād al-arīb ilā maʿrifat al-adīb al-maʿrūf bi-Muʿǧam al-udabāʾ wa-ṭabaqāt al-udabāʾ. Ed. by D. S. Margoliouth. Brill, Leiden, 1907–1926. Bd. II, S. 368–371</ref><ref>[[Charles Pellat]]: Art. Baḳī ibn Makhlad. In: The Encyclopaedia of Islam. New Edition. Bd. I, S. 956b-957a.</ref>

Abu Abd al-Rahman Baqi ibn Makhlad al-Andalusi was a Spanish jurist, mufassir, soldier, and the founder of the earliest hadith school in Islamic Spain.^[2][3][4] Nicknamed as the Pillar of hadith in the West ,^[5]ibn Makhlad compiled the Musnad Baqi ibn Makhlad, the largest hadith book collection ever compiled,^[6] containing over 100,000 narrations,^[7] which included narrations from more than 300 Companions of the Prophet Muhammad. Most of its musnads were lost following the Spanish Reconquista, resulting in the disappearance of one of the most significant western contributions to hadith literature.^{[8]
[9][10]
[11][12]
[13][14][15]}

A student of Imam Ahmad ibn Hanbal, Baqi ibn Makhlad also authored the Tafsir al-Baqi, which according to Ibn Hazm was the greatest tafsir ever to be written,^[16][17][18]
even greater than Tafsir al-Tabari.^[19][20][21] Tafsir al-Qurtubi was slightly influenced by the earlier work of Tafseer of Baqi.^[22][23]

He had a close relationship with Emirs such as Muhammad I of Córdoba and Al-Mundhir of Córdoba, who often protected him when some Maliki scholars were against him. Later, al-Mundhir also offered Baqi ibn Makhlad the role of judge , but Baqi declined the offer, striving to follow an example of Imam Abu Hanifa, who also avoided judicial appointments.^[24][25][26]

Early Life and Education

Baqi ibn Makhlad was born in Córdoba, Spain, during the Islamic Golden Age.^[27][28]
From a young age age, he was deeply committed to seeking religious knowledge. His on foot journey from Spain to Baghdad to study under the Imam Ahmad ibn Hanbal, who was under political restrictions at the time, became a prominent event among scholars.^[29] To avoid detection, Baqi disguised himself as a beggar and secretly received hadith lessons from Imam Ahmad. Through this effort, he was able to collect around 300 hadiths directly directly from him.^{[30][31][32][33][34]}

He was also active in defending Islam and reportedly took part in 72 battles.^{[35][36][37][38]}

Abu Abdul Malik Ahmad bin Muhammad, a student of Imam Qurtubi, described Baqi ibn Makhlad as a man of great physical endurance and humility, stating that he was tall, strong, and had tough endurance in walking. He was never seed on a ride and was humble and unpretentious, and would always attend the funeral prayers.^[39][40]

Legacy

Imam Baqi ibn Makhlad left a strong legacy in the field of Hadith sciences. His efforts helped preserve Hadith knowledge in Iberian peninsula for five centuries and influenced scholars for later generations. After the Spanish Reconquista, many Islamic books and libraries were destroyed and most of Imam Baqi’s writings were lost. The resulted in the lost of one of the most essential European contributions to hadith literature.^{[41]
[42][43][44]}

Al-Dahabi praised him highly, saying that no one of his time was like him in both knowledge and practice. He made Spain a center for hadith learning, along with Muhammad ibn Wadaah.^[45]

There was an unconfirmed report in November 2014, circulated via social media, that a manuscript of the Tafseer of Baqi ibn Makhlad was discovered in Turkey.

References