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”’Ghulam Muhy-ud-Din Ludhianvi”’, better known as ”’Bute Shah”’ (died {{Circa|1850}}) was a 19th-century historian from [[Punjab]]. He authored [[Persian language|Persian]]-language ”Twarikh-i-Panjab” (The History of Punjab), in 1848.<ref name=”eos”>{{cite encyclopedia |title=Twarikh-i-Panjab |encyclopedia=The Encyclopedia Of Sikhism |publisher=Punjabi University Patiala |url=https://archive.org/details/TheEncyclopediaOfSikhism-VolumeIvS-z/page/374/mode/1up |last=Singh |first=Bhagat |date=2004 |editor1-last=Singh |editor1-first=Harbans |edition=Second |volume=IV S–Z |pages=374–375 |language=English |isbn=81-7380-530-X |editor1-link=Harbans Singh}}</ref> |
”’Ghulam Muhy-ud-Din Ludhianvi”’, better known as ”’Bute Shah”’ (died {{Circa|1850}}) was a 19th-century historian from [[Punjab]]. He authored [[Persian language|Persian]]-language ”Twarikh-i-Panjab” (The History of Punjab), in 1848.<ref name=”eos”>{{cite encyclopedia |title=Twarikh-i-Panjab |encyclopedia=The Encyclopedia Of Sikhism |publisher=Punjabi University Patiala |url=https://archive.org/details/TheEncyclopediaOfSikhism-VolumeIvS-z/page/374/mode/1up |last=Singh |first=Bhagat |date=2004 |editor1-last=Singh |editor1-first=Harbans |edition=Second |volume=IV S–Z |pages=374–375 |language=English |isbn=81-7380-530-X |editor1-link=Harbans Singh}}</ref> |
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Bute Shah belonged to an [[Awan (tribe)|Awan]] family from [[Ludhiana]]<ref>{{Cite book |last=Smith |first=Richard Saumarez |url= |title=Rule by Records: Land Registration and Village Custom in Early British Panjab |date=1996 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-563673-4 |pages=92 |language=en}}</ref> and was employed by the British [[Political Resident]].<ref name=”:0″>{{Cite journal |last=Singh |first=Bhagat |date=April 1992 |title=Ghulam Muhayy-ud-Din Alias Bute Shah |url=https://archive.org/details/ThePunjabPastAndPresent-Volume26Part1/mode/1up |journal=The Panjab Past and Present |language=en |publisher=Department of Punjab Historical Studies, Punjabi University |volume=XXVI |issue=1 |pages=134-149 |issn=0031-0786}}</ref> He was in the British emissary which was sent to the court of [[Ranjit Singh]] in 1837, where he along with the delegation met the |
Bute Shah belonged to an [[Awan (tribe)|Awan]] family from [[Ludhiana]]<ref>{{Cite book |last=Smith |first=Richard Saumarez |url= |title=Rule by Records: Land Registration and Village Custom in Early British Panjab |date=1996 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-563673-4 |pages=92 |language=en}}</ref> and was employed by the British [[Political Resident]].<ref name=”:0″>{{Cite journal |last=Singh |first=Bhagat |date=April 1992 |title=Ghulam Muhayy-ud-Din Alias Bute Shah |url=https://archive.org/details/ThePunjabPastAndPresent-Volume26Part1/mode/1up |journal=The Panjab Past and Present |language=en |publisher=Department of Punjab Historical Studies, Punjabi University |volume=XXVI |issue=1 |pages=134-149 |issn=0031-0786}}</ref> He was in the British emissary which was sent to the court of [[Ranjit Singh]] in 1837, where he along with the delegation met the ”maharaja]] in the company of [[Fakir Azizuddin]] and was granted a [[robe of honour]] and 100 rupees, according to [[Sohan Lal Suri]].<ref name=”:0″ /> |
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Bute Shah wrote his ”Twarikh-i-Panjab” on the request of [[George Russell Clerk]] who had succeeded [[Claude Martin Wade]] as the Political Resident in 1840.<ref name=”eos” /> He completed this work in 1848. He divided it into a ”muqadama” (introduction), five ”daftars” or sections and a ”khatima” (epilogue).<ref name=”eos” /> His history starts from the earliest times to the [[Second Anglo-Sikh War|annexation of Punjab]] by the British. Bute Shah used a variety of sources: the religious texts of [[Hindus]] including [[Bhagavad Gita |
Bute Shah wrote his ”Twarikh-i-Panjab” on the request of [[George Russell Clerk]] who had succeeded [[Claude Martin Wade]] as the Political Resident in 1840.<ref name=”eos” /> He completed this work in 1848. He divided it into a ”muqadama” (introduction), five ”daftars” or sections and a ”khatima” (epilogue).<ref name=”eos” /> His history starts from the earliest times to the [[Second Anglo-Sikh War|annexation of Punjab]] by the British. Bute Shah used a variety of sources: the religious texts of [[Hindus]] including [[Bhagavad Gita” and ”[[Mahabharata]]” for reconstructing the early history of Punjab; [[Tarikh Yamini|”Tarikh-i-Yamini”]], ”[[Habib al-siyar]]”[[Habib al-siyar|,]] ”[[Tarikh-i Alfi|Tarikh-i-Alfi]]” and other chronicles for the Muslim period; and especially the ”[[Umdat-ut-Tawarikh]]” of Sohan Lal Suri for the events during the reign of Ranjit Singh, in writing his book.<ref name=”eos” /><ref name=”:0″ /> The introduction, which dealt with the geography and the main places of Punjab, was translated by Munshi Bahlol into [[Punjabi language|Punjabi]] and published after the death of Bute Shah by the [[Ludhiana Mission Press|American Presbyterian Mission at Ludhiana]] in 1850.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Shah |first=Bute |url=https://www.google.com.pk/books/edition/Geographical_Description_of_the_Panjab_i/OEZQ0AEACAAJ?hl=en |title=Geographical Description of the Panjab, in Panjabi: Translated From the Persian of Bute Shah, By Munshi Bahlol |date=1850 |publisher=The American Presbyterian Mission Press |location=Lodiana |pages=iii-iv |language=Punjabi |translator-last=Bahlol |translator-first=Munshi |chapter=Preface |oclc=1243901951}}</ref> |
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== See also == |
== See also == |
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Latest revision as of 19:28, 14 December 2025
19th century Punjabi historian (died 1850)
Ghulam Muhy-ud-Din Ludhianvi, better known as Bute Shah (died c. 1850) was a 19th-century historian from Punjab. He authored Persian-language Twarikh-i-Panjab (The History of Punjab), in 1848.[1]
Bute Shah belonged to an Awan family from Ludhiana[2] and was employed by the British Political Resident.[3] He was in the British emissary which was sent to the court of Ranjit Singh in 1837, where he along with the delegation met the maharaja in the company of Fakir Azizuddin and was granted a robe of honour and 100 rupees, according to Sohan Lal Suri.[3]
Bute Shah wrote his Twarikh-i-Panjab on the request of George Russell Clerk who had succeeded Claude Martin Wade as the Political Resident in 1840.[1] He completed this work in 1848. He divided it into a muqadama (introduction), five daftars or sections and a khatima (epilogue).[1] His history starts from the earliest times to the annexation of Punjab by the British. Bute Shah used a variety of sources: the religious texts of Hindus including Bhagavad Gita and Mahabharata for reconstructing the early history of Punjab; Tarikh-i-Yamini, Habib al-siyar, Tarikh-i-Alfi and other chronicles for the Muslim period; and especially the Umdat-ut-Tawarikh of Sohan Lal Suri for the events during the reign of Ranjit Singh, in writing his book.[1][3] The introduction, which dealt with the geography and the main places of Punjab, was translated by Munshi Bahlol into Punjabi and published after the death of Bute Shah by the American Presbyterian Mission at Ludhiana in 1850.[4]
