== Awards and recognition ==
== Awards and recognition ==
Greenleaf was named an [[ARCS Foundation|ARCS]] Scholar in 2006, a [[Damon Runyon Cancer Research Foundation|Damon Runyon]] Fellow in 2009, a Rita Allen Scholar in 2011, a Baxter Foundation Faculty Fellow in 2014, and the winner of the [[Edgar Bright Wilson|E. Bright Wilson]] Prize in 2017. Greenleaf was a [[Chan Zuckerberg Initiative]] Fellow from 2017-2023 and has been an [[Arc Institute]] Innovation Investigator since 2023. Since 2024, Greenleaf has been Director of the Stanford [[RNA]] Medicine Program (RAMP).
Greenleaf was named an [[ARCS Foundation|ARCS]] Scholar in 2006, a [[Damon Runyon Cancer Research Foundation|Damon Runyon]] Fellow in 2009, a Rita Allen Scholar in 2011, a Baxter Foundation Faculty Fellow in 2014, and winner of the [[Edgar Bright Wilson|E. Bright Wilson]] Prize in 2017. Greenleaf was a [[Chan Zuckerberg Initiative]] Fellow from 2017-2023 and has been an [[Arc Institute]] Innovation Investigator since 2023. Since 2024, Greenleaf has been Director of the Stanford [[RNA]] Medicine Program (RAMP).
In 2023, Greenleaf received the [[Director of the National Institutes of Health|NIH Director’s]] [[National Institutes of Health Director’s Pioneer Award|Pioneer Award]], presented annually to approximately ten U.S. scientists with “outstanding records of creativity” who “develop pioneering approaches to major challenges.”
In 2023, Greenleaf received the [[Director of the National Institutes of Health|NIH Director’s]] [[National Institutes of Health Director’s Pioneer Award|Pioneer Award]], presented annually to approximately ten U.S. scientists with “outstanding records of creativity” who “develop pioneering approaches to major challenges.”
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American scientist
William J. Greenleaf (born December 24, 1979) is an American molecular biologist, biophysicist, and inventor who is a professor of genetics at the Stanford University School of Medicine. His research focuses on high-throughput sequencing and optical microscopy methods for studying gene regulation and chromatin structure. Greenleaf is a co-inventor of ATAC-seq, a widely-used epigenomic method developed by his lab.
Biography
Greenleaf grew up in Rochester, Minnesota. He attended Mayo High School and worked summers as a research assistant at the Mayo Clinic, winning 6th place in the 1998 Westinghouse Science Talent Search for his project on ultrasound-mediated gene transfection. He graduated cum laude with an A.B. in Physics from Harvard University in 2002, followed by a stint as a Gates Cambridge Scholar at Trinity College, University of Cambridge, from which he received a Dip. Comp. Sci. in 2003. Greenleaf then entered the Applied Physics Ph.D. program at Stanford University, where he joined the laboratory of Steven Block and was funded by the NSF GRFP.
Greenleaf was first or co-first author of publications in Nature, Science, and Cell resulting from his Ph.D. work on single-molecule biophysics, an achievement his advisor Block called a “perfect trifecta,” or “quadfecta” if one were to include Greenleaf’s additional co-first author publication in Physical Review Letters. He received his Ph.D. in Applied Physics from Stanford in January 2008. From 2008 to 2011, Greenleaf worked on methods development for massively parallel sequencing-by-synthesis as a postdoctoral fellow in X. Sunney Xie‘s lab at Harvard University. In 2011, Greenleaf returned to Stanford as an assistant professor in the Department of Genetics, establishing his own laboratory within the interdisciplinary Beckman Center for Molecular and Genetic Medicine.
Research
During his Ph.D., Greenleaf worked on single-molecule methods for measuring the forces involved in gene transcription and protein folding. With colleagues in the Block lab, he developed an optical trapping system that enabled Ã¥ngström–resolution measurement of RNA polymerase “stepping” along DNA. Using this system, he developed a method for DNA sequencing based on the observation that, when the concentration of a given nucleotide base is limiting, RNA polymerase pauses for longer amounts of time at sequence positions corresponding to that base.
Greenleaf’s lab at Stanford has focused on high-throughput sequencing and optical microscopy methods for studying gene regulation and chromatin structure. In 2013, Greenleaf’s lab, in collaboration with the lab of Howard Y. Chang, introduced ATAC-seq, a method for assaying chromatin accessibility genome-wide. ATAC-seq is based on principle that, in an in vitro transposition reaction, active (open) chromatin is strongly enriched relative to inactive chromatin for transposition by a hyperactive transposase. Additionally, the genomic positions of nucleosomes and bound transcription factors can be inferred from ATAC-seq based on localized “footprints” depleted for transposition relative to surrounding DNA. Since 2019, a collaboration between Greenleaf’s lab and the lab of Sergiu P. PaÈ™ca has used ATAC-seq to study chromatin dynamics in human brain organoids.
Other work in Greenleaf’s lab has centered on single-molecule measurements of transcription factor binding, including by disassembling and repurposing Illumina sequencers. In 2024, Greenleaf’s lab published a study in the journal Nature describing the experimentally-driven development of thermodynamic and kinetic models to quantitatively predict transcription factor binding microstates and relate those microstates to gene expression.
Greenleaf has been a scientific advisor to several biotech and software companies, including Guardant Health and Ultima Genomics, and was a scientific co-founder of Epinomics, a Stanford spinout acquired by 10x Genomics in 2018.
Awards and recognition
Greenleaf was named an ARCS Scholar in 2006, a Damon Runyon Fellow in 2009, a Rita Allen Scholar in 2011, a Baxter Foundation Faculty Fellow in 2014, and winner of the E. Bright Wilson Prize in 2017. Greenleaf was a Chan Zuckerberg Initiative Fellow from 2017-2023 and has been an Arc Institute Innovation Investigator since 2023. Since 2024, Greenleaf has been Director of the Stanford RNA Medicine Program (RAMP).
In 2023, Greenleaf received the NIH Director’s Pioneer Award, presented annually to approximately ten U.S. scientists with “outstanding records of creativity” who “develop pioneering approaches to major challenges.”
References
External links
Category:Living people
Category:Stanford University School of Medicine faculty
Category:American geneticists
