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”’Presidential reference”’ is an opinion of the [[Supreme Court of India]] under the advisory jurisdiction of the Court, sought by the [[President of India]] under the powers conferred by the [[Article 143 of the Constitution of India]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Article 143: Power of President to consult Supreme Court |url=https://www.constitutionofindia.net/articles/article-143-power-of-president-to-consult-supreme-court/ |access-date=10 December 2025 |website=Constitution of India |language=en-US}}</ref> |
”’Presidential reference”’ is an opinion of the [[Supreme Court of India]] under the advisory jurisdiction of the Court, sought by the [[President of India]] under the powers conferred by the [[Article 143 of the Constitution of India]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Article 143: Power of President to consult Supreme Court |url=https://www.constitutionofindia.net/articles/article-143-power-of-president-to-consult-supreme-court/ |access-date=10 December 2025 |website=Constitution of India |language=en-US}}</ref> |
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Since 1950, there have been sixteen |
Since 1950, there have been sixteen references made under Article 143(1) of the constitution.<ref name=”:0″>{{Cite news |last=R |first=Rangarajan |date=19 May 2025 |title=What is a Presidential reference? {{!}} Explained |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/what-is-a-presidential-reference-explained/article69591439.ece |access-date=10 December 2025 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN}}</ref> |
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== Presidential references ==<!– This list below incorporates PD-text; see attached template for licensing information. –> |
== Presidential references ==<!– This list below incorporates PD-text; see attached template for licensing information. –> |
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Latest revision as of 16:28, 11 December 2025
Presidential reference is an opinion of the Supreme Court of India under the advisory jurisdiction of the Court, sought by the President of India under the powers conferred by the Article 143 of the Constitution of India.[1]
Since 1950, there have been sixteen presidential references made under Article 143(1) of the constitution.[2]
Presidential references
[edit]
| Year | Case name | Key question(s) |
|---|---|---|
| 1912 | Delhi Laws Act | On the power to delegate legislative power to other organs of the state machinery. |
| 1957 | Kerala Education Bill | Constitutional validity of a Bill in relation to Articles 29 and 30 of the Constitution. |
| Berubari Union | Whether an Act under Article 3 by Parliament was sufficient to implement a bilateral agreement between India and Pakistan concerning cession of some parts of territory. | |
| Sea Customs Act, S. 20(2) | Validity of a draft Bill concerning imposition and authorisation of taxes by the Central Government, and whether it was exempted under Article 289. | |
| Powers, Privileges and Immunities of State Legislatures | Questions relating to the validity of initiation of contempt by the State Legislature against High Court judges. | |
| Presidential Poll | Interpretation of Articles 56, 62, 70, and 71 with regards to the election of the President. | |
| Special Courts Bill, 1978 | Consideration of a Bill for constitution of special courts to entertain cases relating to offences committed by individuals holding high political officers, during Emergency. | |
| Cauvery Water Disputes Tribunal | ||
| Special Reference No. 1 of 1993 (Ram Janma Bhumi-Babri Masjid matter) | ||
| 1998 | Special Reference No. 1 of 1998 | |
| 1980 | Jammu and Kashmir Grant of Permit for Resettlement in (or Permanent Return to) the State Bill, 1980 | |
| 2001 | Special Reference No. 1 of 2001 | Validity of a State law regulating use and distribution of natural gas and liquefied petroleum gas, when the subject matter fell within the Union List. |
| 2002 | Special Reference No. 1 of 2002 (Gujarat Assembly Election matter) | Obligation of the Election Commission to conduct elections, when the state assembly is dissolved in haste and theinter play of Articles 174 and 324, if any |
| 2012 | Special Reference No. 1 of 2012 (Natural Resources Allocation) | In relation to the judgment in the 2G spectrum case |
| Punjab Termination of Agreement Act, 2004 (2012 INSC 428) | Constitutional validity of the Punjab Termination of Agreement Act which sought to overcome the judicially directed implementation of sharing of natural resources between Punjab, Haryana and Rajasthan, in light of their water dispute | |
| Powers of the Governor and President | List of fourteen questions regarding the Court’s authority to impose deadlines for the Governor and President under Articles 200 and 201 of the Constitution; Presidential reference case |
This article incorporates text from judicial opinions and related texts from the Supreme Court of India. As a work of the Supreme Court, the text is in the public domain.
