Nasiruddin Nasrat Shah: Difference between revisions

 

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After being pestered by the Afghans, the Mughals declared war against them and their Bengali allies. Attempting to defeat the Afghans on the way, the [[Mughal Empire|Mughals]] proceeded towards Bengal. Babur took control of [[Tirhut]] before stopping at [[Buxar]], where he requested Bengal to dismiss their troops camped at the banks of the [[Ghaghara]]. Nasrat Shah’s refusal led to the [[Battle of Ghaghra]], taking place on 6 May 1529, in which the Mughals fought the Afghans and Bengalis. The Mughal Empire were victorious, and their territory extended to the Ghaghara’s eastern bank in [[Bihar]] though they did not penetrate Bengal.<ref>{{cite Banglapedia|author=Bhuiyan, Golam Kibria|article=Babur}}</ref> Nasrat Shah maintained Bengal’s status as an independent nation.<ref>{{cite book|title=A History of India Under the Two First Sovereigns of the House of Taimur, Báber and Humáyun|author=Erskine, William|publisher=[[Longman, Brown, Green, and Longmans]]|year=1854}}</ref>

After being pestered by the Afghans, the Mughals declared war against them and their Bengali allies. Attempting to defeat the Afghans on the way, the [[Mughal Empire|Mughals]] proceeded towards Bengal. Babur took control of [[Tirhut]] before stopping at [[Buxar]], where he requested Bengal to dismiss their troops camped at the banks of the [[Ghaghara]]. Nasrat Shah’s refusal led to the [[Battle of Ghaghra]], taking place on 6 May 1529, in which the Mughals fought the Afghans and Bengalis. The Mughal Empire were victorious, and their territory extended to the Ghaghara’s eastern bank in [[Bihar]] though they did not penetrate Bengal.<ref>{{cite Banglapedia|author=Bhuiyan, Golam Kibria|article=Babur}}</ref> Nasrat Shah maintained Bengal’s status as an independent nation.<ref>{{cite book|title=A History of India Under the Two First Sovereigns of the House of Taimur, Báber and Humáyun|author=Erskine, William|publisher=[[Longman, Brown, Green, and Longmans]]|year=1854}}</ref>

A shrewd ruler, Nasrat understood the futility of fighting the Mughals from the examples of the Lodis and Rajputs, and this avoided joining the Afghans in the battle of Daurah in 1531, in which [[Humayun]] defeated the Afghans headed by Mahmud Lodi. Fearing Humayun’s retribution nevertheless, Nasrat sent an envoy to Bahadur Shah of Gujarat with a view to concluding a friendly alliance with him, but before the alliance could materialise Nasrat Shah was assassinated by a slave while visiting his father’s grave.<ref name=bpedia>{{cite Banglapedia|article=Nusrat Shah|author=Chowdhury, AM}}</ref><ref>Sarkar, Jadunath, ed. History of Bengal Vol. 2. B. R. Publishing, Delhi, 1943. Internet Archive. https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.24396/page/n179/mode/1up</ref> Nasrat Shah was possibly buried near Qadam Rasul Mosque in Gaur City. Henry Creighton saw the black stone tombs of Alauddin Husain Shah and Nusrat Shah in Gaur, which has disappeared, allegedly carted away by the English.<ref>{{cite Banglapedia|article=Gaur, City|author=[[Aniruddha Ray|Ray, Aniruddha]]}}</ref> Nasrat Shah was succeeded by his son Alauddin Firuz Shah II, who had served as the governor of Chittagong during his father’s reign. However, just three months later Nasrat’s brother Mahmud assassinated Firuz Shah and usurped the throne as [[Ghiyasuddin Mahmud Shah]].

A shrewd ruler, Nasrat understood the futility of fighting the Mughals from the examples of the Lodis and Rajputs, and this avoided joining the Afghans in the battle of Daurah in 1531, in which [[Humayun]] defeated the Afghans headed by Mahmud Lodi. Fearing Humayun’s retribution nevertheless, Nasrat sent an envoy to Bahadur Shah of Gujarat with a view to concluding a friendly alliance with him, but before the alliance could materialise Nasrat Shah was assassinated by a slave while visiting his father’s grave.<ref name=bpedia>{{cite Banglapedia|article=Nusrat Shah|author=Chowdhury, AM}}</ref><ref>Sarkar, Jadunath, ed. History of Bengal Vol. 2. B. R. Publishing, Delhi, 1943. Internet Archive. https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.24396/page/n179/mode/1up</ref>

Nasrat Shah was possibly buried near Qadam Rasul Mosque in Gaur City. Henry Creighton saw the black stone tombs of Alauddin Husain Shah and Nusrat Shah in Gaur, which has disappeared, allegedly carted away by the English.<ref>{{cite Banglapedia|article=Gaur, City|author=[[Aniruddha Ray|Ray, Aniruddha]]}}</ref> Nasrat Shah was succeeded by his son Alauddin Firuz Shah II, who had served as the governor of Chittagong during his father’s reign. However, just three months later Nasrat’s brother Mahmud assassinated Firuz Shah and usurped the throne as [[Ghiyasuddin Mahmud Shah]].

Nasrat Shah ordered the construction of many mosques throughout his kingdom in his reign. He completed the building of [[Baro Shona Masjid]] in [[Gauḍa (city)]] in 1526 AD. [https://www.getbengal.com/details/golden-era-of-gour-inscribed-on-boro-sona-masjid 8] In 1527, his ”Sar-i-Lashkar” (commander-in-chief) Mukhtiyar Khan constructed a mosque in Sikandarpur, Azamgarh district in Uttar Pradesh,<ref name=dani>{{cite book|chapter-url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.126929/page/n55/mode/2up|title=Asiatic Society Of Pakistan Vol-ii|author=Ahmad Hasan Dani|author-link=Ahmad Hasan Dani|chapter=Analysis of the Inscriptions|pages=47}}</ref> which indicates his continued hold of the Jaunpuri territory annexed by his father.<ref>Hussain, Syed Ejaz. Shiraz-i Hind: A History of the Jaunpur Sultanate. New Delhi: Manohar, 2017, p. 81. Available at: https://www.academia.edu/36986170/Shiraz_i_Hind_A_History_of_Jaunpur_Sultanate</ref>

Nasrat Shah ordered the construction of many mosques throughout his kingdom in his reign. He completed the building of [[Baro Shona Masjid]] in [[Gauḍa (city)]] in 1526 AD. [https://www.getbengal.com/details/golden-era-of-gour-inscribed-on-boro-sona-masjid 8] In 1527, his ”Sar-i-Lashkar” (commander-in-chief) Mukhtiyar Khan constructed a mosque in Sikandarpur, Azamgarh district in Uttar Pradesh,<ref name=dani>{{cite book|chapter-url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.126929/page/n55/mode/2up|title=Asiatic Society Of Pakistan Vol-ii|author=Ahmad Hasan Dani|author-link=Ahmad Hasan Dani|chapter=Analysis of the Inscriptions|pages=47}}</ref> which indicates his continued hold of the Jaunpuri territory annexed by his father.<ref>Hussain, Syed Ejaz. Shiraz-i Hind: A History of the Jaunpur Sultanate. New Delhi: Manohar, 2017, p. 81. Available at: https://www.academia.edu/36986170/Shiraz_i_Hind_A_History_of_Jaunpur_Sultanate</ref>

Sultan of Bengal from 1519 to 1533

Nāṣir ad-Dīn Naṣrat Shāh^[a] (r. 1519–1533), also known as Nusrat Shah, was the second Sultan of Bengal belonging to the Hussain Shahi dynasty.^[1] He continued with his father’s expansionist policies but by 1526, had to contend with the Mughal ascendency in the Battle of Ghaghra.^[2] Simultaneously, Nasrat Shah’s reign also suffered a reverse at the hands of the Ahom kingdom. The successful reigns of Alauddin Husain Shah and Nasrat Shah are generally regarded as the “golden age” of the Bengal Sultanate.^[3]

Nasrat was born into an aristocratic Sunni Muslim family in the Bengal Sultanate. His father Alauddin Husain Shah was the first Sultan of the Hussain Shahi dynasty and the father of eighteen sons and at least eleven daughters. Among Nasrat’s siblings were Danyal and Mahmud.^[4] Daniyal was initially crown prince as the oldest son of the sultan, but he was killed in battle against the Assamese.
Nasrat was made crown prince of Bengal in 1515, upon which he was granted the right to mint coins of his own.^[5]

Nasrat Shah married a daughter of Ibrahim Lodi, a Pashtun ruler and the last sultan of the neighbouring Delhi Sultanate.^[6]

After his father’s death in 1519, Nasrat rose to the throne as Nasiruddin Nasrat Shah. Instead of blinding or imprisoning his seventeen brothers, he gave them grand titles and positions in his government. His brother Mahmud had served as an ameer during his brother’s reign, at least till 1526, and the 20th-century historian Jadunath Sarkar suggests that Mahmud, whose personal name was Abul Badr, was the heir apparent due to his early usage of royal insignia.

Following the policies of his father, Nasrat Shah expanded the Sultanate territory early on in his reign and Khalifatabad emerged as an important mint-town.^[8] Under Nasrat Shah, the Sultanate pushed into the Mithila region and annexed the ruling Oiniwar dynasty in 1526 with the ruler of the Oiniwars, Laksminathasimha, being killed in battle.^[9][10] Following Babur‘s invasion of India, Mahmud Lodi and his Afghan confederates fled to Bengal for safety. In 1527, Babur despatched an envoy to Bengal in order to deduce Nasrat Shah’s attitude towards Mughal ascendency and collect some information regarding Bengal. Nasrat Shah did not respond and imprisoned the envoy. However, Nasrat Shah later negotiated peace deals and freed the envoy, in order to send gifts to Babur. Babur was pleased with the response; describing Nasrat as one of the great rulers of the Indian subcontinent, praising Bengali soldiers for their gunnery and navy, and recognised the loyalty of Bengalis for their leader.^[11]

After being pestered by the Afghans, the Mughals declared war against them and their Bengali allies. Attempting to defeat the Afghans on the way, the Mughals proceeded towards Bengal. Babur took control of Tirhut before stopping at Buxar, where he requested Bengal to dismiss their troops camped at the banks of the Ghaghara. Nasrat Shah’s refusal led to the Battle of Ghaghra, taking place on 6 May 1529, in which the Mughals fought the Afghans and Bengalis. The Mughal Empire were victorious, and their territory extended to the Ghaghara’s eastern bank in Bihar though they did not penetrate Bengal.^[12] Nasrat Shah maintained Bengal’s status as an independent nation.^[13]
A shrewd ruler, Nasrat understood the futility of fighting the Mughals from the examples of the Lodis and Rajputs, and this avoided joining the Afghans in the battle of Daurah in 1531, in which Humayun defeated the Afghans headed by Mahmud Lodi. Fearing Humayun’s retribution nevertheless, Nasrat sent an envoy to Bahadur Shah of Gujarat with a view to concluding a friendly alliance with him, but before the alliance could materialise Nasrat Shah was assassinated by a slave while visiting his father’s grave.^[3][14]

Nasrat Shah was possibly buried near Qadam Rasul Mosque in Gaur City. Henry Creighton saw the black stone tombs of Alauddin Husain Shah and Nusrat Shah in Gaur, which has disappeared, allegedly carted away by the English.^[15] Nasrat Shah was succeeded by his son Alauddin Firuz Shah II, who had served as the governor of Chittagong during his father’s reign. However, just three months later Nasrat’s brother Mahmud assassinated Firuz Shah and usurped the throne as Ghiyasuddin Mahmud Shah.

Nasrat Shah ordered the construction of many mosques throughout his kingdom in his reign. He completed the building of Baro Shona Masjid in Gauḍa (city) in 1526 AD. 8 In 1527, his Sar-i-Lashkar (commander-in-chief) Mukhtiyar Khan constructed a mosque in Sikandarpur, Azamgarh district in Uttar Pradesh,^[16] which indicates his continued hold of the Jaunpuri territory annexed by his father.^[17]