replace numbered reference names, MOS:UPRIGHT
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{{short description|Vegetarian dish}}
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{{short description|Vegetarian dish}}
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{{ref improve|date=March 2013}}
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{{ref improve|date=March 2013}}
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[[File:Gunmakers, Clerkenwell, London (6504848123).jpg|thumb|
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[[File:Gunmakers, Clerkenwell, London (6504848123).jpg|thumb||Sliced nut roast with Brussels sprouts]]
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A ”’nut roast”’ or ”’roasted nut loaf”’ is a [[vegetarian]] dish consisting of [[Nut (fruit)|nuts]], [[cereal|grains]], [[Cooking oil|vegetable oils]], [[broth]] or [[butter]], and [[seasoning]]s formed into a firm [[loaf]] shape or long [[casserole]] dish before [[roasting]] and often eaten as an alternative to a traditional [[British people|British]] style [[roast dinner]]. It is popular with vegetarians at [[Christmas]],<ref>”[http://www.vegsoc.org/christmas/index.html Christmas wouldn’t be Christmas without… a nut roast] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071028152207/http://www.vegsoc.org/christmas/index.html |date=2007-10-28 }}, ”The Vegetarian Society”. URL last accessed on 2007-10-17.</ref> as well as part of a traditional [[Sunday roast]]. Nut roasts are also made by Canadian and American [[Vegetarianism|vegetarians]] and [[Veganism|vegans]] as the main dish for [[Thanksgiving]] or other [[harvest festival]] meals.
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A ”’nut roast”’ or ”’roasted nut loaf”’ is a [[vegetarian]] dish consisting of [[Nut (fruit)|nuts]], [[cereal|grains]], [[Cooking oil|vegetable oils]], [[broth]] or [[butter]], and [[seasoning]]s formed into a firm [[loaf]] shape or long [[casserole]] dish before [[roasting]] and often eaten as an alternative to a traditional [[British people|British]] style [[roast dinner]]. It is popular with vegetarians at [[Christmas]],<ref>”[http://www.vegsoc.org/christmas/index.html Christmas wouldn’t be Christmas without… a nut roast] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071028152207/http://www.vegsoc.org/christmas/index.html |date=2007-10-28 }}, ”The Vegetarian Society”. URL last accessed on 2007-10-17.</ref> as well as part of a traditional [[Sunday roast]]. Nut roasts are also made by Canadian and American [[Vegetarianism|vegetarians]] and [[Veganism|vegans]] as the main dish for [[Thanksgiving]] or other [[harvest festival]] meals.
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== History ==
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== History ==
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The earliest known nut roast recipes emerged in the early 20th century, influenced by the [[vegetarian]] movement, health reformers, and concerns over food shortages.<ref name=”
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The earliest known nut roast recipes emerged in the early 20th century, influenced by the [[vegetarian]] movement, health reformers, and concerns over food shortages.<ref name=””>{{Cite web |last=Johanna |first= |date=2008-04-13 |title=The Nut Roast in History |url=https://gggiraffe.blogspot.com/2008/04/nut-roast-in-history.html |access-date=2025-03-25 |website=Green Gourmet Giraffe}}</ref> [[Almeda Lambert]]’s ”Guide for Nut Cookery”, published in 1899, contained a recipe for a vegetable nut roast.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Lambert |first=Almeda |url=https://archive.org/details/guidefornutcooke00lamb/page/115/mode/1up |title=Guide for Nut Cookery: Together With a Brief History of Nuts and Their Food Values |date= |publisher=J. Lambert & co. |year=1899 |location=Battle Creek, Michigan |page=[https://archive.org/details/guidefornutcooke00lamb/page/115/mode/1up 115] |language=en}}</ref> [[E. G. Fulton]]’s 1904 ”Vegetarian Cook Book: Substitutes for Flesh Foods” contained two nut roast recipes;<ref>{{Cite book |last=Fulton |first=E. G. |url=https://archive.org/details/substitutesforfl00fultrich |title=Vegetarian Cook Book: Substitutes for Flesh Foods |date= |publisher=[[Pacific Press Publishing Company]] |year=1904 |location=Oakland, California |page=[https://archive.org/details/substitutesforfl00fultrich/page/256/mode/1up 256] |language=en}}</ref> the book emphasizes nuts as primary meat substitutes due to the prevalence of disease among animals.<ref name=”” /> [[Florence A. George]]’s 1908 cookbook ”Vegetarian Cookery” contains two nut cutlet recipes.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Warner |first=Emily |date=2024-12-16 |title=Veggie Alternatives To Serve This Christmas |url=https://www.countryandtownhouse.com/food-and-drink/vegetarian-christmas-alternatives/ |access-date=2025-03-05 |website=Country and Town House |language=en-GB}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2014-12-24 |title=Christmas dinner: A passionate defence of the humble nut roast |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/women/womens-life/11310249/Christmas-vegetarian-dinner-A-passionate-defence-of-nut-roast.html |access-date=2025-03-05 |website=[[The Daily Telegraph|The Telegraph]] |language=en}}</ref> [[Emarel Freshel]]’s ”Golden Rule Cookbook” (1910) featured a Michaelmas Loaf, a nut roast that was moulded, placed in a roasting dish, and basted rather than baked in a tin.
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Meanwhile, at the [[Battle Creek Sanitarium]] in Michigan, [[John Harvey Kellogg]] was developing nut-based roasts and cutlets, believing nuts to be the future of food sustainability. His work helped popularize nut-based meat alternatives, particularly among the health-conscious elite.<ref name=”
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Meanwhile, at the [[Battle Creek Sanitarium]] in Michigan, [[John Harvey Kellogg]] was developing nut-based roasts and cutlets, believing nuts to be the future of food sustainability. His work helped popularize nut-based meat alternatives, particularly among the health-conscious elite.<ref name=”” />
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The influential London vegetarian restaurant [[Cranks (restaurant)|Cranks]] opened in 1961, and its best-known dish was its nut roast.<ref
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The influential London vegetarian restaurant [[Cranks (restaurant)|Cranks]] opened in 1961, and its best-known dish was its nut roast.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Russell |first=Polly |date=2021-11-05 |title=The secret history of Britain’s favourite dishes |url=https://www.ft.com/content/3c5d4645-a9d8-4394-ae2c-a7201b04065c |access-date=2021-11-15 |work=Financial Times}}</ref> The Cranks nut roast inspired nut roasts eaten decades later.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Kamila |first=Avery Yale |date=2021-11-14 |title=Vegan Kitchen: With these Thanksgiving centerpieces, you won’t even miss the turkey |url=https://www.pressherald.com/2021/11/14/with-these-thanksgiving-centerpieces-you-wont-even-miss-the-turkey/ |access-date=2021-11-15 |website=Press Herald}}</ref>
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==Ingredients==
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==Ingredients==
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The whole mixture is roasted or baked in a loaf pan or other baking dish until firm or a crust forms, and then served with side dishes. Whole nuts may be used as a garnish or decoration for the completed roast.
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The whole mixture is roasted or baked in a loaf pan or other baking dish until firm or a crust forms, and then served with side dishes. Whole nuts may be used as a garnish or decoration for the completed roast.
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The famous [[Cranks (restaurant)|Cranks]] nut roast ingredients were one onion, butter or margarine, nuts, wholemeal bread, vegetable stock or water, yeast extract, mixed herbs, salt and pepper.<ref
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The famous [[Cranks (restaurant)|Cranks]] nut roast ingredients were one onion, butter or margarine, nuts, wholemeal bread, vegetable stock or water, yeast extract, mixed herbs, salt and pepper.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Kamila |first=Avery Yale |date=2021-11-14 |title=Vegan Kitchen: With these Thanksgiving centerpieces, you won’t even miss the turkey |url=https://www.pressherald.com/2021/11/14/with-these-thanksgiving-centerpieces-you-wont-even-miss-the-turkey/ |access-date=2021-11-15 |website=Press Herald}}</ref>
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Instant varieties are also available in the UK, Ireland, and other countries, where only added water is needed before baking in an oven.
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Instant varieties are also available in the UK, Ireland, and other countries, where only added water is needed before baking in an oven.
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