PlayStation technical specifications: Difference between revisions

==Central processing unit (CPU)==

==Central processing unit (CPU)==

”’LSI CoreWare CW33300-based core”'<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://patpend.net/technical/psx/LSI.htm|title=FastForward Sony Taps LSI Logic for PlayStation Video Game CPU Chip|access-date=2016-10-05|archive-date=2019-07-23|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190723220136/https://patpend.net/technical/psx/LSI.htm|url-status=live}}</ref>

”’LSI CoreWare -based core”'<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://patpend.net/technical/psx/LSI.htm|title=FastForward Sony Taps LSI Logic for PlayStation Video Game CPU Chip|access-date=2016-10-05|archive-date=2019-07-23|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190723220136/https://patpend.net/technical/psx/LSI.htm|url-status=live}}</ref>

* [[R3000|MIPS R3000A]]-compatible [[32-bit]] [[Reduced instruction set computer|RISC]] [[Central processing unit|CPU]] MIPS R3051 with 5&nbsp;KB L1&nbsp;cache, [[Clock rate|running]] at 33.8688&nbsp;[[MHz]].<ref name=”EGM65″>{{cite magazine|title=Sony’s PlayStation Debuts in Japan!|magazine=[[Electronic Gaming Monthly]]|issue=65|publisher=Sendai Publishing|date=December 1994|page=70}}</ref>

* [[R3000|MIPS R3000A]]-compatible [[32-bit]] [[Reduced instruction set computer|RISC]] [[Central processing unit|CPU]] MIPS R3051 with 5&nbsp;KB L1&nbsp;cache, [[Clock rate|running]] at 33.8688&nbsp;[[MHz]].<ref name=”EGM65″>{{cite magazine|title=Sony’s PlayStation Debuts in Japan!|magazine=[[Electronic Gaming Monthly]]|issue=65|publisher=Sendai Publishing|date=December 1994|page=70}}</ref>

* The [[microprocessor]] was manufactured by [[LSI Logic Corp.]] with technology licensed from [[Silicon Graphics|SGI]].

* The [[microprocessor]] was manufactured by [[LSI Logic Corp.]] with technology licensed from [[Silicon Graphics|SGI]].

Overview of the technical specifications of the PlayStation

The PlayStation technical specifications describe the various components of the original PlayStation video game console.

LSI CoreWare CW33000-based core^[1]

Geometry Transformation Engine (GTE)

• Coprocessor that resides inside the main CPU processor, giving it additional vector math instructions used for 3D graphics, lighting, geometry, polygon and coordinate transformations – GTE performs high-speed matrix multiplications.
• Operating performance: 66 MIPS^[6]
• Uses fixed point arithmetic, different operations used different representations^[8]
• Polygons per second (rendered in hardware):

Motion Decoder (MDEC)

• Also residing within the main CPU, enables full screen, high quality FMV playback and is responsible for decompressing images and video into VRAM.^[5]
• Operating performance: 80 MIPS^[11]
• Documented device mode is to read three RLE-encoded 16×16 macroblocks, run IDCT and assemble a single 16×16 RGB macroblock.
• Output data may be transferred directly to GPU via DMA.
• It is possible to overwrite IDCT matrix and some additional parameters, however MDEC internal instruction set was never documented.
• It is directly connected to a CPU bus.

System Control Coprocessor (Cop0)^{[citation needed]}

• This unit is part of the CPU. Has 16 32-bit control registers.
• Modified from the original R3000A cop0 architecture, with the addition of a few registers and functions.
• Controls memory management through virtual memory technique, system interrupts, exception handling, and breakpoints.

• 2 MiB main EDO DRAM^[5]
• Additional RAM is integrated with the GPU (including a 1 MB framebuffer) and SPU (512 KB), see below for details.
• Cache RAM for CPU core and CD-ROM. See the relevant sections for details.
• Flash RAM support through the use of memory cards, see below.
• BIOS stored on 512 KB ROM

32-bit Sony GPU (designed by Toshiba)^[12]

• Handles display of graphics, control of framebuffer, and drawing of polygons and textures^{[citation needed]}
• Handles 2D graphics processing, in a similar manner to the 3D engine^{[citation needed]}
• RAM:^{[citation needed]}
• Features:
  • Adjustable framebuffer (1024×512)
  • Emulation of simultaneous backgrounds (to simulate parallax scrolling)
  • Mask bit
  • Texture window
  • Dithering
  • Clipping
  • Alpha blending (4 per-texel alpha blending modes)
  • Fog
  • Framebuffer effects
  • Transparency effects
  • Render to texture
  • Offscreen rendering
  • Multipass rendering
  • Flat or Gouraud shading and texture mapping^[2]
  • No line restriction
  • Colored light sourcing
• Resolutions:
• Colors:
• Texture mapping color mode:^[11]
  • Mode 4: 4-bit CLUT (16 colors)
  • Mode 8: 8-bit CLUT (256 colors)
  • Mode 15: 15-bit direct (32,768 colors)
  • Mode 24: 24-bit (16,777,216 colors)
• Sprite engine^{[citation needed]}
• Special sprite effects:^[11]
  • Rotation
  • Scaling up/down
  • Warping
  • Transparency
  • Fading
  • Priority
  • Vertical and horizontal line scroll
• Pixel fillrate (theoretical maximum):^[14]
  • 66 MPixel/s flat shaded polygons
  • 33 MPixel/s Gouraud shaded polygons
  • 33 MPixel/s for textured polygons with optional Gourard shading
  • Actual fill rate is lower due to polygon overhead or texture cache misses

16-bit Sony SPU^[5]

CD-ROM drive

• 660 MB maximum storage capacity, double speed (CLV) CD-ROM drive
• 2×, with a maximum data throughput of 300 KB/s (double speed), 150 KB/s (normal)^[11]
• 32 KB data buffer^[15]
• XA Mode 2 compliant
• Audio CD play^[11]
• CD-DA (CD-Digital Audio)
• Rated for 70,000 seek operations^[16]

Two control pads via connectors^[11]

• Expandable with multitap connector^[11]

Backup flash RAM support

• Two removable cards^[11]
• Each card has 128 KB flash memory
• OS support for File Save, Retrieve and Remove^[11]
• Some games (like “Music 2000”) can use Memory Cards as main RAM, to store data for real time processing, bypassing the 2MB RAM limit.^{[citation needed]}

Video and audio connectivity

Serial and parallel ports

Power input

• 100 V AC (NTSC-J); 120 V AC (NTSC-U/C); or 220–240 V AC (PAL)
• 7.5 V DC 2 A (PSone only)