”’Schmallenberg virus”’, abbreviated SBV, is a [[virus]] that causes [[congenital malformation]]s and [[stillbirth]]s in [[cattle]], [[sheep]], [[goats]], and possibly [[alpaca]].<ref name=”sciencemag1″>{{cite news |url=http://news.sciencemag.org/sciencenow/2012/01/new-animal-virus-takes-northern-.html |title=New animal virus takes northern Europe by surprise |author=Kai Kupferschmidt |publisher=[[Science (journal)|Science]] |date=13 January 2012 |access-date=16 January 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120115043527/http://news.sciencemag.org/sciencenow/2012/01/new-animal-virus-takes-northern-.html |archive-date=15 January 2012 }}</ref><ref name=”BBC News”>{{cite news |author=Richard Black |date=7 August 2012 |title=Schmallenberg virus ‘may spread across UK’ |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-19151949 |publisher=[[BBC News]] |access-date=7 August 2012}}</ref> It appears to be transmitted by [[midge]]s (”[[Culicoides]]” spp.), which are likely to have been most active in causing the infection in the [[Northern Hemisphere]] summer and autumn of 2011, with animals subsequently giving birth from late 2011.<ref name=”sciencemag1″/> Schmallenberg virus falls in the Simbu [[Serotype|serogroup]] of orthobunyaviruses. It is considered to be most closely related to the [[Sathuperi virus|Sathuperi]] and [[Douglas virus|Douglas]] viruses.<ref>{{cite journal|vauthors=Goller KV, Höper D, Schirrmeier H, Mettenleiter TC, Beer M|date=October 2012|title=Schmallenberg virus as possible ancestor of Shamonda virus|journal=Emerg Infect Dis|volume=18|issue=10|pages=1644–1646|doi=10.3201/eid1810.120835|pmc=3471646|pmid=23017842}}</ref>
”’Schmallenberg virus”’, abbreviated SBV, is a [[virus]] that causes [[congenital malformation]]s and [[stillbirth]]s in [[cattle]], [[sheep]], [[goats]], and possibly [[alpaca]].<ref name=”sciencemag1″>{{cite news |url=http://news.sciencemag.org/sciencenow/2012/01/new-animal-virus-takes-northern-.html |title=New animal virus takes northern Europe by surprise |author=Kai Kupferschmidt |publisher=[[Science (journal)|Science]] |date=13 January 2012 |access-date=16 January 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120115043527/http://news.sciencemag.org/sciencenow/2012/01/new-animal-virus-takes-northern-.html |archive-date=15 January 2012 }}</ref><ref name=”BBC News”>{{cite news |author=Richard Black |date=7 August 2012 |title=Schmallenberg virus ‘may spread across UK’ |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-19151949 |publisher=[[BBC News]] |access-date=7 August 2012}}</ref> It appears to be transmitted by [[midge]]s (”[[Culicoides]]” spp.), which are likely to have been most active in causing the infection in the [[Northern Hemisphere]] summer and autumn of 2011, with animals subsequently giving birth from late 2011.<ref name=”sciencemag1″/> Schmallenberg virus falls in the Simbu [[Serotype|serogroup]] of orthobunyaviruses. It is considered to be most closely related to the [[Sathuperi virus|Sathuperi]] and [[Douglas virus|Douglas]] viruses.<ref>{{cite journal|vauthors=Goller KV, Höper D, Schirrmeier H, Mettenleiter TC, Beer M|date=October 2012|title=Schmallenberg virus as possible ancestor of Shamonda virus|journal=Emerg Infect Dis|volume=18|issue=10|pages=1644–1646|doi=10.3201/eid1810.120835|pmc=3471646|pmid=23017842}}</ref>
The virus is named after [[Schmallenberg]], in [[North Rhine-Westphalia]], Germany, from where the first definitive sample was derived.<ref name=”sciencemag1″/> It was first reported in October 2011.<ref>Dongyou Liu: Molecular Detection of Animal Viral Pathogens, Schmallenberg virus, S. 563, CRC Press, 2016, {{ISBN|9781498700368}}</ref> After Germany, it has also been detected in the [[Netherlands]], Belgium, France, [[Luxembourg]], Italy, Spain, the United Kingdom,<ref name=”DC23112″/> Switzerland,<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.news.admin.ch/de/nsb?id=45443 |title=Schmallenbergvirus auch in der Schweiz |language=de |trans-title=Schmallenberg virus also in Switzerland |publisher=[[Federal Council (Switzerland)|Schweizerische Eidgenossenschaft]] |author=Regula Kennel |date=20 July 2012 |access-date=5 December 2013}}</ref> Ireland,<ref>{{cite news |url=http://agriculture.gov.ie/press/pressreleases/2012/october/title,67350,en.html |title=Schmallenberg virus confirmed in a bovine foetus in County Cork |publisher=[[Department of Agriculture, Food & the Marine]] |date=30 October 2012 |access-date=5 December 2013}}</ref> [[Finland]],<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.evira.fi/portal/en/frontpage/frontpage+news?bid=3286 |title=Schmallenberg virus found in deformed lambs |author=Ulla Rikula |publisher=[[Finnish Food Safety Authority Evira]] |date=15 January 2013 |access-date=5 December 2013}}</ref> Denmark,<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.vet.dtu.dk/Nyheder/2012/06/SBV-juni-2012-fyn |title=Schmallenberg virus pÃ¥vist i danske husdyr for første gang |date=7 June 2012 |access-date=5 December 2013 |author=Mette Buck Jensen |publisher=[[Technical University of Denmark|Danmarks Tekniske Universitet]]}}</ref> Sweden,<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.sva.se/sv/Mer-om-SVA1/Pressrum/Nyheter-fran-SVA/Nytt-virus-hos-far-och-notkreatur-i-Sverige-/ |title=Nytt virus hos fÃ¥r och nötkreatur i Sverige |author=Erika Chenais |date=27 November 2012 |access-date=5 December 2013 |publisher=[[National Veterinary Institute (Sweden)|Statens veterinärmedicinska anstalt]] }}{{Dead link|date=October 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot }}</ref> Austria,<ref name=”FLI1″/> Norway,<ref name=”FLI1″/> [[Poland]]<ref name=”FLI1″/> and [[Estonia]].<ref name=”FLI1″/>
The virus is named after [[Schmallenberg]], in [[North Rhine-Westphalia]], Germany, from where the first definitive sample was derived.<ref name=”sciencemag1″/> It was first reported in October 2011.<ref>Dongyou Liu: Molecular Detection of Animal Viral Pathogens, Schmallenberg virus, S. 563, CRC Press, 2016, {{ISBN|9781498700368}}</ref> After Germany, it has also been detected in the [[Netherlands]], Belgium, France, [[Luxembourg]], Italy, Spain, the United Kingdom,<ref name=”DC23112″/> Switzerland,<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.news.admin.ch/de/nsb?id=45443 |title=Schmallenbergvirus auch in der Schweiz |language=de |trans-title=Schmallenberg virus also in Switzerland |publisher=[[Federal Council (Switzerland)|Schweizerische Eidgenossenschaft]] |author=Regula Kennel |date=20 July 2012 |access-date=5 December 2013}}</ref> Ireland,<ref>{{cite news |url=http://agriculture.gov.ie/press/pressreleases/2012/october/title,67350,en.html |title=Schmallenberg virus confirmed in a bovine foetus in County Cork |publisher=[[Department of Agriculture, Food & the Marine]] |date=30 October 2012 |access-date=5 December 2013}}</ref> [[Finland]],<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.evira.fi/portal/en/frontpage/frontpage+news?bid=3286 |title=Schmallenberg virus found in deformed lambs |author=Ulla Rikula |publisher=[[Finnish Food Safety Authority Evira]] |date=15 January 2013 |access-date=5 December 2013}}</ref> Denmark,<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.vet.dtu.dk/Nyheder/2012/06/SBV-juni-2012-fyn |title=Schmallenberg virus pÃ¥vist i danske husdyr for første gang |date=7 June 2012 |access-date=5 December 2013 |author=Mette Buck Jensen |publisher=[[Technical University of Denmark|Danmarks Tekniske Universitet]]}}</ref> Sweden,<ref>{{cite news |url=://www..se////-virus-hos-far-och-notkreatur-i-/ |= |access-date= October 2025}}</ref> Austria,<ref name=”FLI1″/> Norway,<ref name=”FLI1″/> [[Poland]]<ref name=”FLI1″/> and [[Estonia]].<ref name=”FLI1″/>
The virus has been recognised by the [[European Commission]]’s [[Standing Committee on the Food Chain and Animal Health]]<ref name=”sciencemag1″/> and the [[Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut]] (German Research Institute for Animal Health).<ref name=”FLI1″>[http://www.fli.bund.de/en/startseite/current-news/animal-disease-situation/new-orthobunyavirus-detected-in-cattle-in-germany.html Schmallenberg virus: new Orthobunyavirus in cattle] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120128123543/http://www.fli.bund.de/en/startseite/current-news/animal-disease-situation/new-orthobunyavirus-detected-in-cattle-in-germany.html |date=28 January 2012 }}, updated 10 January 2012, accessed 16 January 2012</ref> A risk assessment in December 2011 did not consider it likely to be a threat to human health,<ref name=”ecdc1″>[http://ecdc.europa.eu/en/publications/Publications/Forms/ECDC_DispForm.aspx?ID=795 Risk assessment: New Orthobunyavirus isolated from infected cattle and small livestock ─ potential implications for human health], [[European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control]], 22 December 2011, accessed 17 January 2012</ref> as other comparable viruses are not [[zoonotic]].<ref name=”FLI1″/>
The virus has been recognised by the [[European Commission]]’s [[Standing Committee on the Food Chain and Animal Health]]<ref name=”sciencemag1″/> and the [[Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut]] (German Research Institute for Animal Health).<ref name=”FLI1″>[http://www.fli.bund.de/en/startseite/current-news/animal-disease-situation/new-orthobunyavirus-detected-in-cattle-in-germany.html Schmallenberg virus: new Orthobunyavirus in cattle] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120128123543/http://www.fli.bund.de/en/startseite/current-news/animal-disease-situation/new-orthobunyavirus-detected-in-cattle-in-germany.html |date=28 January 2012 }}, updated 10 January 2012, accessed 16 January 2012</ref> A risk assessment in December 2011 did not consider it likely to be a threat to human health,<ref name=”ecdc1″>[http://ecdc.europa.eu/en/publications/Publications/Forms/ECDC_DispForm.aspx?ID=795 Risk assessment: New Orthobunyavirus isolated from infected cattle and small livestock ─ potential implications for human health], [[European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control]], 22 December 2011, accessed 17 January 2012</ref> as other comparable viruses are not [[zoonotic]].<ref name=”FLI1″/>
