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”’Strident vowels”’ (also called ”’sphincteric |
”’Strident vowels”’ (also called ”’sphincteric”’ ”’epiglottalized vowels”’) are strongly [[pharyngealization|pharyngealized]] [[vowel]]s accompanied by an [[Voiced epiglottal trill|(ary)epiglottal trill]], with the [[larynx]] being raised and the [[human pharynx|pharynx]] constricted.<ref name=”:0″>{{cite book |last1=Ladefoged |first1=Peter |last2=Maddieson |first2=Ian |title=[[The Sounds of the World’s Languages]] |date=1996 |publisher=Blackwell Publishers |location=Oxford, UK |isbn=0-631-19814-8 |pages=310–311 |lccn=94-49209 |author1-link=Peter Ladefoged |author2-link=Ian Maddieson}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Miller-Ockhuizen |first1=Amanda |title=The phonetics and phonology of gutturals: case study from Juǀʼhoansi |date=2003 |publisher=Routledge |location=New York City, NY |isbn=978-0-415-86141-0 |page=99 |series=Outstanding dissertations in Linguistics |lccn=2003046887 |doi=10.4324/9780203506400}}</ref> Either the [[epiglottis]] or the [[arytenoid cartilage]]s thus vibrate instead of the [[vocal cords]]. That is, the epiglottal trill is the voice source for such sounds. |
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Strident vowels are fairly common in [[Khoisan languages]], which contrasts them with simple pharyngealized vowels. Stridency is used in [[onomatopoeia]] in [[Zulu language|Zulu]] and [[Lamba language|Lamba]].<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Doke |first1=C. M. |author1-link=Clement Martyn Doke |title=An outline of [[Nǁng language|ǂKhomani Bushman]] phonetics |journal=Bantu Studies |date=1936 |volume=10 |issue=1 |pages=433–460 |doi=10.1080/02561751.1936.9676037}}</ref>{{page?|date=June 2021|reason=Original was p. 68, but the article does not contain that page.}} Stridency may be a type of [[phonation]] called [[harsh voice]]. A similar phonation, without the trill, is called ”ventricular voice”; both have been called ”pressed voice”.{{Citation needed|date=June 2019}} [[Bai language|Bai]], of southern [[China]], has a [[register (phonology)|register]] system that has [[allophone|allophonic]] strident and pressed vowels. |
Strident vowels are fairly common in [[Khoisan languages]], which contrasts them with simple pharyngealized vowels. Stridency is used in [[onomatopoeia]] in [[Zulu language|Zulu]] and [[Lamba language|Lamba]].<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Doke |first1=C. M. |author1-link=Clement Martyn Doke |title=An outline of [[Nǁng language|ǂKhomani Bushman]] phonetics |journal=Bantu Studies |date=1936 |volume=10 |issue=1 |pages=433–460 |doi=10.1080/02561751.1936.9676037}}</ref>{{page?|date=June 2021|reason=Original was p. 68, but the article does not contain that page.}} Stridency may be a type of [[phonation]] called [[harsh voice]]. A similar phonation, without the trill, is called ”ventricular voice”; both have been called ”pressed voice”.{{Citation needed|date=June 2019}} [[Bai language|Bai]], of southern [[China]], has a [[register (phonology)|register]] system that has [[allophone|allophonic]] strident and pressed vowels. |
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Latest revision as of 22:07, 10 December 2025
Strongly pharyngealized vowels accompanied by (ary)epiglottal trill
Strident vowels (also called sphincteric or epiglottalized vowels) are strongly pharyngealized vowels accompanied by an (ary)epiglottal trill, with the larynx being raised and the pharynx constricted.[1][2] Either the epiglottis or the arytenoid cartilages thus vibrate instead of the vocal cords. That is, the epiglottal trill is the voice source for such sounds.
Strident vowels are fairly common in Khoisan languages, which contrasts them with simple pharyngealized vowels. Stridency is used in onomatopoeia in Zulu and Lamba.[3][page needed] Stridency may be a type of phonation called harsh voice. A similar phonation, without the trill, is called ventricular voice; both have been called pressed voice.[citation needed] Bai, of southern China, has a register system that has allophonic strident and pressed vowels.
There is no official symbol for stridency in the IPA, but a superscript ⟨𐞴⟩ (for a voiced epiglottal trill) is often used.[citation needed] In some literature, a subscript double tilde ⟨◌᷽⟩ is sometimes used.[1]
These languages use phonemic strident vowels:
- Moisik, Scott; Czaykowska-Higgins, Ewa; Esling, John H. (Winter 2012). Loughran, Jenny; McKillen, Alanah (eds.). “The Epilaryngeal Articulator: A New Conceptual Tool for Understanding Lingual-Laryngeal Contrasts”. McGill Working Papers in Linguistics. 22 (1). McGill University.
