{{clade
{{clade
|1={{clade
|1={{clade
|2={{clade
|{{clade
|2={{clade
|2={{clade
|1=[[CRuMs]] [[File:Collodictyon pseudopodoa (extracted).jpg|30px]]
|1=[[]] [[File:.jpg|30px]]
|2={{clade
|2={{clade
|1=[[Amoebozoa]] [[File:Chaos carolinensis Wilson 1900.jpg|33px]]
|1=[[]] [[File: .jpg|]]
|label2=[[Obazoa]]
|label2=[[]]
|2={{clade
|2={{clade
|1=[[Breviatea]] [[File:Mastigamoeba invertens (extracted).jpg|50px]]
|1=[[]] [[File: .jpg|]]
|2={{clade
|2={{clade
|1=[[Apusomonad]]ida [[File:Podomonas kaiyoae C.jpg|30 px]]
|1=[[]] [[File: .jpg|]]
|2={{clade
|2={{clade
|1= [[Holomycota]] (inc. fungi) [[File:Asco1013.jpg|30 px]]
|1=[[]] [[File:.jpg|30 px]]
|2= [[Holozoa]] (inc. animals) [[File:Comb jelly.jpg|33px]]
|=[[]]
|1= [[Holomycota]] (inc. fungi) [[File:Asco1013.jpg|30 px]]
|2= [[Holozoa]] (inc. animals) [[File:Comb jelly.jpg|33px]]
}}
}}
}}
}}
}}
}}
}}
}}
}}
|1=? [[Metamonad]]a [[File:Giardia lamblia.jpg|30px]]
|2={{clade
|2={{clade
|label1=[[CAM (clade)|CAM]]
|1={{clade
|1={{clade
|1={{clade
|1=”[[Microheliella]]” [[File:Microheliella maris 2012 fig1a.png|30px]]
|2=[[Cryptista]] [[File:Rhodomonas salina CCMP 322.jpg|35px]]
}}
|label2=[[Archaeplastida]]
|=[[]]
|sublabel2= 1600 mya
|=
|2={{clade
|=
|1={{clade
|1={{clade
|1=[[Red algae|Rhodophyta]] (red algae) [[File:Bangia.jpg|20 px]]
|1=[[]] [[File:.|]]
|2=[[Picozoa]] [[File:Picomonas judraskeda (SEM).png|23 px]]
|2=[[]] [[File: .|]]
}}
}}
|label2=[[Archaeplastida]]
|sublabel2= 1600 mya
|2={{clade
|2={{clade
|sublabel1= 1100 mya
|=
|1=[[Glaucophyte|Glaucophyta]] [[File:Glaucocystis sp.jpg|30 px]]
|1=[[|]] [[File:.jpg| px]]
|sublabel2= 1000 mya
|=
|2=[[Viridiplantae]] (plants) [[File:Pediastrum (cropped).jpg|30 px]]
}}
|sublabel1= 1100 mya
|2=[[Viridiplantae]] (plants) [[File:Pediastrum (cropped).jpg|30 px]]
}}
}}
}}
|1=[[Hemimastigophora]] [[File:Hemimastix amphikineta.png|20 px]]
|2={{clade
|2={{clade
|1=[[Provora]] [[File:Outline drawing of Ubysseya fretuma.svg|25 px]]
|1=[[]] [[File: .| px]]
|2={{clade
|2={{clade
|1=[[Haptista]] [[File:Acanthocystis labeled Picture1.1.png|30 px]]
|1=[[]] [[File: .| px]]
|label3=[[SAR supergroup|SAR]]
|=[[ |]]
|3={{clade
|=
|sublabel1= 550 mya
|=
|1=[[Rhizaria]] [[File:Ammonia tepida.jpg|30 px]]
|=
|label2=[[Halvaria]]
|=
|2={{clade
|=
|1=[[Alveolate|Alveolata]] [[File:Ceratium furca.jpg|40 px]]
|=[[]]
|2=[[Stramenopile]]s [[File:Ochromonas.png|20 px]] [[File:Gemeiner Blasentang.jpg|30 px]]
|2=
|1=[[Alveolate|Alveolata]] [[File:Ceratium furca.jpg|40 px]]
|2=[[Stramenopile]]s [[File:Ochromonas.png|20 px]] [[File:Gemeiner Blasentang.jpg|30 px]]
}}
}}
}}
}}
}}
}}
}}
}}
}}
}}
}}
}}
|2={{clade
|2={{clade
|1=”[[Candidatus Wenzhongarchaeales|”Ca.” Wenzhongarchaeales]]”
|1=”[[Candidatus Wenzhongarchaeales|”Ca.” Wenzhongarchaeales]]”
|2=”[[Candidatus Hodarchaeales|”Ca.” Hodarchaeales]]”
|2=”[[Candidatus Hodarchaeales|”Ca.” Hodarchaeales]]”
}}
}}
}}
}}
One view of the great kingdoms and their stem groups.[1][2][3][4][5] The Metamonada are hard to place, being sister possibly to Discoba or to Malawimonadida[4] or being a paraphyletic group external to all other eukaryotes.[6] Eukaryotes are thought to be emerged within the archaeal phylum Promethearchaeota.[7][8]
This page attempts to outline the current understanding of clades which form sister groups to the major kingdoms. Takes the optional parameter “align=left” to align.
- ^ Brown MW, Heiss AA, Kamikawa R, Inagaki Y, Yabuki A, Tice AK, Shiratori T, Ishida KI, Hashimoto T, Simpson A, Roger A (2018-01-19). “Phylogenomics Places Orphan Protistan Lineages in a Novel Eukaryotic Super-Group”. Genome Biology and Evolution. 10 (2): 427–433. doi:10.1093/gbe/evy014. PMC 5793813. PMID 29360967.
- ^ Schön ME, Zlatogursky VV, Singh RP, et al. (2021). “Picozoa are archaeplastids without plastid”. Nature Communications. 12 (1): 6651. bioRxiv 10.1101/2021.04.14.439778. doi:10.1038/s41467-021-26918-0. PMC 8599508. PMID 34789758. S2CID 233328713.
- ^ Tikhonenkov DV, Mikhailov KV, Gawryluk RM, et al. (December 2022). “Microbial predators form a new supergroup of eukaryotes”. Nature. 612 (7941): 714–719. doi:10.1038/s41586-022-05511-5. PMID 36477531. S2CID 254436650.
- ^ a b Burki F, Roger AJ, Brown MW, Simpson AG (2020). “The New Tree of Eukaryotes”. Trends in Ecology & Evolution. 35 (1). Elsevier BV: 43–55. doi:10.1016/j.tree.2019.08.008. ISSN 0169-5347. PMID 31606140. S2CID 204545629.
- ^ Yazaki, Euki; Yabuki, Akinori; Imaizumi, Ayaka; Kume, Keitaro; Hashimoto, Tetsuo; Inagaki, Yuji (2022-04-13). “The closest lineage of Archaeplastida is revealed by phylogenomics analyses that include Microheliella maris”. Open Biology. 12 (4) 210376. doi:10.1098/rsob.210376. PMC 9006020. PMID 35414259.
- ^ Al Jewari, Caesar; Baldauf, Sandra L. (28 April 2023). “An excavate root for the eukaryote tree of life”. Science Advances. 9 (17) eade4973. Bibcode:2023SciA….9E4973A. doi:10.1126/sciadv.ade4973. ISSN 2375-2548. PMC 10146883. PMID 37115919.
- ^ Imachi, Hiroyuki; Nobu, Masaru K.; Kato, Shingo; Takaki, Yoshihiro; Miyazaki, Masayuki; Miyata, Makoto; Ogawara, Miyuki; Saito, Yumi; Sakai, Sanae; Tahara, Yuhei O.; Takano, Yoshinori; Tasumi, Eiji; Uematsu, Katsuyuki; Yoshimura, Toshihiro; Itoh, Takashi; Ohkuma, Moriya; Takai, Ken (5 July 2024). “Promethearchaeum syntrophicum gen. nov., sp. nov., an anaerobic, obligately syntrophic archaeon, the first isolate of the lineage ‘Asgard’ archaea, and proposal of the new archaeal phylum Promethearchaeota phyl. nov. and kingdom Promethearchaeati regn. nov”. International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology. 74 (7): 006435. doi:10.1099/ijsem.0.006435. PMC 11316595. PMID 38967634.
- ^ Zhang, Jiawei; Feng, Xiaoyuan; Li, Meng; Liu, Yang; Liu, Min; Hou, Li-Jun; Dong, Hong-Po (2025-05-07). “Deep origin of eukaryotes outside Heimdallarchaeia within Asgardarchaeota”. Nature. 642 (8069): 990–998. doi:10.1038/s41586-025-08955-7. ISSN 1476-4687. PMC 12222021. PMID 40335687.
|
This category tracks all taxonomy templates used in the automated taxobox system. Templates with the Taxonomy/ prefix are blanket-semi-protected via MediaWiki:Titleblacklist, which may or may not be reflected in their respective page information link.


