Tityus pachyurus: Difference between revisions

 

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{{Short description|Species of scorpion}}

{{Short description|Species of scorpion}}

{{Italic title}}

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{{Speciesbox

{{Speciesbox

| image = Tityus pachyurus.jpg

| image = Tityus pachyurus.jpg

| genus = Tityus

| genus = Tityus

| species =

| species =

| authority = Pocock, 1897

| authority = Pocock, 1897

}}

}}

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== Characteristics ==

== Characteristics ==

”Tityus pachyurus” can grow from 6 to 9 cm in length, its pedipalps are reddish, while the fourth and fifth segments of the post-abdomen are dark and thicker, and feeding is based on larvae of beetles (tenebrians) and cockroaches.<ref name=pmid15239600>{{cite journal |last1=Barona |first1=Jacqueline |last2=Otero |first2=Rafael |last3=Núñez |first3=Vitelbina |title=Toxicological and immunological aspects of scorpion venom (”Tytius pachyurus”): neutralizing capacity of antivenoms produced in Latin America |journal=Biomédica |date=March 2004 |volume=24 |issue=1 |pages=42–49 |doi=10.7705/biomedica.v24i1.1247 |pmid=15239600 |doi-access=free }}</ref> this species occurs in [[Central America]] ([[Costa Rica]] and [[Panama]]) and in [[South America]] ([[Colombia]]), in Colombia this species occurs in the departments of [[Antioquia Department|Antioquia]] and [[Chocó Department|Chocó]]. It is found mainly in tropical forests, urban regions and places with high tourist and industrial activity. Like many scorpions, it‘s nocturnal.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Borges |first1=A. |last2=Miranda |first2=R. J. |last3=Pascale |first3=J. M. |title=Scorpionism in Central America, with special reference to the case of Panama |journal=Journal of Venomous Animals and Toxins Including Tropical Diseases |date=2012 |volume=18 |issue=2 |pages=130–143 |doi=10.1590/S1678-91992012000200002 |doi-access=free }}</ref>

”Tityus pachyurus” can grow from 6 to 9 cm in length pedipalps are reddish, while the fourth and fifth segments of the post-abdomen are dark and thicker is based on larvae of beetles (tenebrians) and cockroaches.<ref name=pmid15239600>{{cite journal |last1=Barona |first1=Jacqueline |last2=Otero |first2=Rafael |last3=Núñez |first3=Vitelbina |title=Toxicological and immunological aspects of scorpion venom (”Tytius pachyurus”): neutralizing capacity of antivenoms produced in Latin America |journal=Biomédica |date=March 2004 |volume=24 |issue=1 |pages=42–49 |doi=10.7705/biomedica.v24i1.1247 |pmid=15239600 |doi-access=free }}</ref> species occurs in [[Central America]] ([[Costa Rica]] and [[Panama]]) and in [[South America]] ([[Colombia]]) Colombia this species occurs in the departments of [[Antioquia Department|Antioquia]] and [[Chocó Department|Chocó]]. It is found mainly in tropical forests, urban regions and places with high tourist and industrial activity. Like many scorpions, it nocturnal.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Borges |first1=A. |last2=Miranda |first2=R. J. |last3=Pascale |first3=J. M. |title=Scorpionism in Central America, with special reference to the case of Panama |journal=Journal of Venomous Animals and Toxins Including Tropical Diseases |date=2012 |volume=18 |issue=2 |pages=130–143 |doi=10.1590/S1678-91992012000200002 |doi-access=free }}</ref>

== Medical significance ==

== Medical significance ==

It is the species responsible for the most serious accidents involving scorpions in Central America and Colombia, including children. In Colombia, we report a case of a 12-year-old boy, stung in the thigh, the victim had a lot of pain at the site, and the case quickly progressed to systemic effects, with myocardial dysfunction, [[cardiovascular collapse]], [[cardiac arrest]] and [[pulmonary edema]].<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Izquierdo |first1=Ledys María |last2=Rodríguez Buitrago |first2=Javier R. |title=Cardiovascular dysfunction and pulmonary edema secondary to severe envenoming by Tityus pachyurus sting. Case report |journal=Toxicon |date=15 September 2012 |volume=60 |issue=4 |pages=603–606 |doi=10.1016/j.toxicon.2012.05.021 |pmid=22683677 }}</ref> This species has a median lethal dose of 4.8 mg / kg.<ref name=pmid15239600/>

It is the species responsible for the most serious accidents involving scorpions in Central America and Colombia, including children. In Colombia, a case of a 12-year-old boy in the thigh, the victim had pain at the site, and the case quickly progressed to systemic effects, with myocardial dysfunction, [[cardiovascular collapse]], [[cardiac arrest]] and [[pulmonary edema]].<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Izquierdo |first1=Ledys María |last2=Rodríguez Buitrago |first2=Javier R. |title=Cardiovascular dysfunction and pulmonary edema secondary to severe envenoming by Tityus pachyurus sting. Case report |journal=Toxicon |date=15 September 2012 |volume=60 |issue=4 |pages=603–606 |doi=10.1016/j.toxicon.2012.05.021 |pmid=22683677 }}</ref> This species has a median lethal dose of 4.8 mg kg.<ref name=pmid15239600/>

Its venom is considered one of the most toxic, and responsible for the highest percentage of scorpion sting patient adimission to hospitals in Colombia. Envenomation by this species can present symptoms such as [[tachycardia]], [[diaphoresis]], [[tachypnea]], [[cyanosis]], [[hypertension]] and [[bradycardia]]. In cardiovascular compromise, and cardiac arrest and [[pulseless ventricular tachycardia]] are also present.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Solano-Godoy |first1=Jennifer Alexandra |last2=González-Gómez |first2=Julio César |last3=Torres-Bonilla |first3=Kristian A. |last4=Floriano |first4=Rafael Stuani |last5=Miguel |first5=Ananda T. Santa Fé |last6=Murillo-Arango |first6=Walter |last7=Solano-Godoy |first7=Jennifer Alexandra |last8=González-Gómez |first8=Julio César |last9=Torres-Bonilla |first9=Kristian A. |last10=Floriano |first10=Rafael Stuani |last11=Miguel |first11=Ananda T. Santa Fé |date=2021 |title=Comparison of biological activities of Tityus pachyurus venom from two Colombian regions |journal=Journal of Venomous Animals and Toxins Including Tropical Diseases |language=en |volume=27 |pages=e20210005 |doi=10.1590/1678-9199-jvatitd-2021-0005 |pmid=34925479 |pmc=8651215 |issn=1678-9199}}</ref>

Its venom is considered one of the most toxic, and responsible for the highest percentage of scorpion sting patient to hospitals in Colombia. Envenomation by this species can present symptoms such as [[tachycardia]], [[diaphoresis]], [[tachypnea]], [[cyanosis]], [[hypertension]] and [[bradycardia]]. In cardiovascular compromise, and cardiac arrest and [[pulseless ventricular tachycardia]] are also present.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Solano-Godoy |first1=Jennifer Alexandra |last2=González-Gómez |first2=Julio César |last3=Torres-Bonilla |first3=Kristian A. |last4=Floriano |first4=Rafael Stuani |last5=Miguel |first5=Ananda T. Santa Fé |last6=Murillo-Arango |first6=Walter |last7=Solano-Godoy |first7=Jennifer Alexandra |last8=González-Gómez |first8=Julio César |last9=Torres-Bonilla |first9=Kristian A. |last10=Floriano |first10=Rafael Stuani |last11=Miguel |first11=Ananda T. Santa Fé |date=2021 |title=Comparison of biological activities of Tityus pachyurus venom from two Colombian regions |journal=Journal of Venomous Animals and Toxins Including Tropical Diseases |language=en |volume=27 |pages=e20210005 |doi=10.1590/1678-9199-jvatitd-2021-0005 |pmid=34925479 |pmc=8651215 |issn=1678-9199}}</ref>

== References ==

== References ==

Species of scorpion

Tityus pachyurus is a species of scorpion endemic to Central America and South America.

Tityus pachyurus can grow from 6 to 9 cm in length Its pedipalps are reddish, while the fourth and fifth segments of the post-abdomen are dark and thicker. Feeding is based on larvae of beetles (tenebrians) and cockroaches.^[1] This species occurs in Central America (Costa Rica and Panama) and in South America (Colombia). In Colombia this species occurs in the departments of Antioquia and Chocó. It is found mainly in tropical forests, urban regions and places with high tourist and industrial activity. Like many scorpions, it is nocturnal.^[2]

It is the species responsible for the most serious accidents involving scorpions in Central America and Colombia, including children. In Colombia, a case of a 12-year-old boy was reported. Stung in the thigh, the victim had considerable pain at the site, and the case quickly progressed to systemic effects, with myocardial dysfunction, cardiovascular collapse, cardiac arrest and pulmonary edema.^[3] This species has a median lethal dose of 4.8 mg per kg.^[1]

Its venom is considered one of the most toxic, and responsible for the highest percentage of scorpion sting patient admission to hospitals in Colombia. Envenomation by this species can present symptoms such as tachycardia, diaphoresis, tachypnea, cyanosis, hypertension and bradycardia. In cardiovascular compromise, and cardiac arrest and pulseless ventricular tachycardia are also present.^[4]