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== History == |
== History == |
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The date of the carvings on the original cross is disputed. W. G. Collingwood and Sue Margeson both assigned them to the early 11th century, but more recently Richard N. Bailey has argued for a date in the 10th century.<ref name=”Corpus 1″>{{cite web |last=Bailey |first=Richard N. |date=2010 |title=Halton (St Wilfrid) 01, Lancashire |url=https://chacklepie.com/ascorpus/catvol9.php?pageNum_urls=97 |website=The Corpus of Anglo Saxon Stone Sculpture |access-date=11 October 2025 }}</ref> The fragments used in the reconstruction are thought to date from the 8th or 9th century.<ref name=”Corpus 1″><ref name=”Bowden”>{{cite web |last1=Bowden |first1=Adrian |last2=Richard |first2=Bowden |date=1 June 2019 |title=The Sigurd Cross, Halton near Lancaster |url=https://lancashirepast.com/2019/06/01/sigurd-cross-halton-near-lancaster/ |website=Lancashire Past |access-date=14 October 2025 }}</ref> The cross remained undisturbed until the reign of Charles I, when the Rev. Richard Jackson, rector of Halton, removed everything except its lower shaft, which he used as the pediment of a sundial inscribed “For Saint Wilfrite Church at Halton 1635” and “Perevunt et Imputantur” ([The hours] are consumed and will be charged [to our account]).<ref>{{cite journal |last=Allen |first=J. Romilly |author-link=John Romilly Allen |date=1886 |title=Pre-Norman Crosses at Halton and Heysham in Lancashire |url=https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=qgMrAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA330 |journal=The Journal of the British Archaeological Association |page=330 |access-date=14 October 2025 }}</ref><ref name=”Sundial”>{{cite web |author=English Heritage |title=Sundial, About 4 Metres South East of Church Porch of the Church of St Wilfrid |url=https://historicengland.org.uk/listing/the-list/list-entry/1317920?section=official-list-entry |website=National Heritage List for England |access-date=11 October 2025 }}</ref> In the early 19th century, illustrations of the cross were first published as engravings in the anonymous ”Historical and Descriptive Account of the Town of Lancaster” (2nd edition, 1811) and Thomas Dunham Whitaker’s ”History of Richmondshire” (1823).<ref name=”Corpus 1″ /> |
The date of the carvings on the original cross is disputed. W. G. Collingwood and Sue Margeson both assigned them to the early 11th century, but more recently Richard N. Bailey has argued for a date in the 10th century.<ref name=”Corpus 1″>{{cite web |last=Bailey |first=Richard N. |date=2010 |title=Halton (St Wilfrid) 01, Lancashire |url=https://chacklepie.com/ascorpus/catvol9.php?pageNum_urls=97 |website=The Corpus of Anglo Saxon Stone Sculpture |access-date=11 October 2025 }}</ref> The fragments used in the reconstruction are thought to date from the 8th or 9th century.<ref name=”Corpus 1″><ref name=”Bowden”>{{cite web |last1=Bowden |first1=Adrian |last2=Richard |first2=Bowden |date=1 June 2019 |title=The Sigurd Cross, Halton near Lancaster |url=https://lancashirepast.com/2019/06/01/sigurd-cross-halton-near-lancaster/ |website=Lancashire Past |access-date=14 October 2025 }}</ref> The cross remained undisturbed until the reign of Charles I, when the Rev. Richard Jackson, rector of Halton, removed everything except its lower shaft, which he used as the pediment of a sundial inscribed “For Saint Wilfrite Church at Halton 1635” and “Perevunt et Imputantur” ([The hours] are consumed and will be charged [to our account]).<ref>{{cite journal |last=Allen |first=J. Romilly |author-link=John Romilly Allen |date=1886 |title=Pre-Norman Crosses at Halton and Heysham in Lancashire |url=https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=qgMrAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA330 |journal=The Journal of the British Archaeological Association |page=330 |access-date=14 October 2025 }}</ref><ref name=”Sundial”>{{cite web |author=English Heritage |title=Sundial, About 4 Metres South East of Church Porch of the Church of St Wilfrid |url=https://historicengland.org.uk/listing/the-list/list-entry/1317920?section=official-list-entry |website=National Heritage List for England |access-date=11 October 2025 }}</ref> In the early 19th century, illustrations of the cross were first published as engravings in the anonymous ”Historical and Descriptive Account of the Town of Lancaster” (2nd edition, 1811) and Thomas Dunham Whitaker’s ”History of Richmondshire” (1823).<ref name=”Corpus 1″ /> |
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In 1891 the sundial was moved to a new sandstone base in the same churchyard<ref name=”Sundial” /> and the cross was reconstructed by the amateur antiquary W. S. Calverley using the lower shaft, four other fragments he mistakenly believed to have been part of the original cross, and modern stonework to connect them.<ref name=”Bowden”>{{cite web |author=English Heritage |title=High Cross in St Wilfrid’s Churchyard, Halton |url=https://historicengland.org.uk/listing/the-list/list-entry/1009490?section=official-list-entry |website=National Heritage List for England |access-date=11 October 2025 }}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last=Ditchfield |first=P. H. |author-link=Peter Ditchfield |chapter=The Crosses of Lancashire |editor-last1=Fishwick |editor-first1=Lieut.-Colonel |editor-link1=Henry Fishwick |editor-last2=Ditchfield |editor-first2=P. H. |editor-link2=Peter Ditchfield |date=1909 |title=Memorials of Old Lancashire. Vol. II |url=https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Memorials_of_old_Lancshire_(IA_memorialsofoldla02fishiala).pdf&page=156 |location=London |publisher=Bemrose |page=118 |access-date=14 October 2025 }}</ref> Two of the ancient fragments were used to form the upper section of the cross shaft, one served as a socle at the bottom of the shaft, and the last served as one of the cross’s four arms, namely the upper one.<ref>{{cite web |last=Bailey |first=Richard N. |date=2010 |title=Halton (St Wilfrid) 02, Lancashire |url=https://chacklepie.com/ascorpus/catvol9.php?pageNum_urls=98 |website=The Corpus of Anglo Saxon Stone Sculpture |access-date=11 October 2025 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Bailey |first=Richard N. |date=2010 |title=Halton (St Wilfrid) 08, Lancashire |url=https://chacklepie.com/ascorpus/catvol9.php?pageNum_urls=104 |website=The Corpus of Anglo Saxon Stone Sculpture |access-date=11 October 2025 }}</ref><ref name=”Corpus 9″>{{cite web |last=Bailey |first=Richard N. |date=2010 |title=Halton (St Wilfrid) 09, Lancashire |url=https://chacklepie.com/ascorpus/catvol9.php?pageNum_urls=105 |website=The Corpus of Anglo Saxon Stone Sculpture |access-date=11 October 2025 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Bailey |first=Richard N. |date=2010 |title=Halton (St Wilfrid) 10, Lancashire |url=https://chacklepie.com/ascorpus/catvol9.php?pageNum_urls=106 |website=The Corpus of Anglo Saxon Stone Sculpture |access-date=11 October 2025 }}</ref> |
In 1891 the sundial was moved to a new sandstone base in the same churchyard<ref name=”Sundial” /> and the cross was reconstructed by the amateur antiquary W. S. Calverley using the lower shaft, four other fragments he mistakenly believed to have been part of the original cross, and modern stonework to connect them.<ref name=”Bowden”>{{cite web |author=English Heritage |title=High Cross in St Wilfrid’s Churchyard, Halton |url=https://historicengland.org.uk/listing/the-list/list-entry/1009490?section=official-list-entry |website=National Heritage List for England |access-date=11 October 2025 }}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last=Ditchfield |first=P. H. |author-link=Peter Ditchfield |chapter=The Crosses of Lancashire |editor-last1=Fishwick |editor-first1=Lieut.-Colonel |editor-link1=Henry Fishwick |editor-last2=Ditchfield |editor-first2=P. H. |editor-link2=Peter Ditchfield |date=1909 |title=Memorials of Old Lancashire. Vol. II |url=https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Memorials_of_old_Lancshire_(IA_memorialsofoldla02fishiala).pdf&page=156 |location=London |publisher=Bemrose |page=118 |access-date=14 October 2025 }}</ref> Two of the ancient fragments were used to form the upper section of the cross shaft, one served as a socle at the bottom of the shaft, and the last served as one of the cross’s four arms, namely the upper one.<ref>{{cite web |last=Bailey |first=Richard N. |date=2010 |title=Halton (St Wilfrid) 02, Lancashire |url=https://chacklepie.com/ascorpus/catvol9.php?pageNum_urls=98 |website=The Corpus of Anglo Saxon Stone Sculpture |access-date=11 October 2025 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Bailey |first=Richard N. |date=2010 |title=Halton (St Wilfrid) 08, Lancashire |url=https://chacklepie.com/ascorpus/catvol9.php?pageNum_urls=104 |website=The Corpus of Anglo Saxon Stone Sculpture |access-date=11 October 2025 }}</ref><ref name=”Corpus 9″>{{cite web |last=Bailey |first=Richard N. |date=2010 |title=Halton (St Wilfrid) 09, Lancashire |url=https://chacklepie.com/ascorpus/catvol9.php?pageNum_urls=105 |website=The Corpus of Anglo Saxon Stone Sculpture |access-date=11 October 2025 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Bailey |first=Richard N. |date=2010 |title=Halton (St Wilfrid) 10, Lancashire |url=https://chacklepie.com/ascorpus/catvol9.php?pageNum_urls=106 |website=The Corpus of Anglo Saxon Stone Sculpture |access-date=11 October 2025 }}</ref> |
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On 12 February 1951 the cross was designated a scheduled monument as a nationally important archaeological site.<ref name=”Cross” /><ref>{{cite web |author=English Heritage |date=20 January 2025 |title=What Are Scheduled Monuments? |url=https://historicengland.org.uk/listing/what-is-designation/scheduled-monuments/ |website=The National Heritage List for England |access-date=14 October 2025 }}</ref> |
On 12 February 1951 the cross was designated a scheduled monument as a nationally important archaeological site.<ref name=”Cross” /><ref>{{cite web |author=English Heritage |date=20 January 2025 |title=What Are Scheduled Monuments? |url=https://historicengland.org.uk/listing/what-is-designation/scheduled-monuments/ |website=The National Heritage List for England |access-date=14 October 2025 }}</ref> |
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== Physical description == |
== Physical description == |
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Latest revision as of 15:44, 14 October 2025
54°04′33″N 2°46′01″W / 54.0758°N 2.7669°W
The Halton Cross, also known as Sigurd’s Cross, is a high cross
“important survival…” Kerr p. 55
The date of the carvings on the original cross is disputed. W. G. Collingwood and Sue Margeson both assigned them to the early 11th century, but more recently Richard N. Bailey has argued for a date in the 10th century.[1] The fragments used in the reconstruction are thought to date from the 8th or 9th century.Cite error: A <ref> tag is missing the closing </ref> (see the help page). The cross remained undisturbed until the reign of Charles I, when the Rev. Richard Jackson, rector of Halton, removed everything except its lower shaft, which he used as the pediment of a sundial inscribed “For Saint Wilfrite Church at Halton 1635” and “Perevunt et Imputantur” ([The hours] are consumed and will be charged [to our account]).[2][3] In the early 19th century, illustrations of the cross were first published as engravings in the anonymous Historical and Descriptive Account of the Town of Lancaster (2nd edition, 1811) and Thomas Dunham Whitaker’s History of Richmondshire (1823).[1]Bailey, Richard N. (2010). “Halton (St Wilfrid) 01, Lancashire”. The Corpus of Anglo Saxon Stone Sculpture. Retrieved 11 October 2025.</ref>
In 1891 the sundial was moved to a new sandstone base in the same churchyard[3] and the cross was reconstructed by the amateur antiquary W. S. Calverley using the lower shaft, four other fragments he mistakenly believed to have been part of the original cross, and modern stonework to connect them.[4][5] Two of the ancient fragments were used to form the upper section of the cross shaft, one served as a socle at the bottom of the shaft, and the last served as one of the cross’s four arms, namely the upper one.[6][7][8][9]
On 12 February 1951 the cross was designated a scheduled monument as a nationally important archaeological site.[10]English Heritage. “High Cross in St Wilfrid’s Churchyard, Halton”. National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 11 October 2025.</ref>[11]
Physical description
[edit]
The base of the cross’s three-stepped socle measures 1.4 metres (4.6Â ft) by 1.5 metres (4.9Â ft). The cross itself measures 3.6 metres (12Â ft) from the base of the shaft, which is rectangular in horizontal cross-section, to the top of the cross-head. The overall height is 4.5 metres (15Â ft). The material is local sandstone. Though the overall condition of the cross is reasonably good,[10] the carvings are worn in places,[4] and in part of one fragment they have been recut.[8]
Pevsner pp. 136-137
Kerr p. 55
Edwards pp. 75-76
Bailey p. 120
Argues that the scenes on the cross-shaft were intended to form a cycle depicting scenes from the Apocalypse. https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=0qqkDAAAQBAJ&pg=PA55 pp. 53-56
https://chacklepie.com/ascorpus/catvol9.php?pageNum_urls=97
https://chacklepie.com/ascorpus/catvol9.php?pageNum_urls=98
https://chacklepie.com/ascorpus/catvol9.php?pageNum_urls=104
https://chacklepie.com/ascorpus/catvol9.php?pageNum_urls=105
https://chacklepie.com/ascorpus/catvol9.php?pageNum_urls=106
https://howardwilliamsblog.wordpress.com/2016/11/22/a-dwarf-in-his-smithy/
https://lancashirepast.com/2019/06/01/sigurd-cross-halton-near-lancaster/
https://historicengland.org.uk/listing/the-list/list-entry/1009490?section=official-list-entry
Other Halton crosses
[edit]
Kerr p. 55
https://chacklepie.com/ascorpus/catvol9.php?pageNum_urls=99
https://chacklepie.com/ascorpus/catvol9.php?pageNum_urls=100
https://chacklepie.com/ascorpus/catvol9.php?pageNum_urls=101
https://chacklepie.com/ascorpus/catvol9.php?pageNum_urls=102
https://chacklepie.com/ascorpus/catvol9.php?pageNum_urls=103
https://howardwilliamsblog.wordpress.com/2016/11/22/a-dwarf-in-his-smithy/
- ^ a b Bailey, Richard N. (2010). “Halton (St Wilfrid) 01, Lancashire”. The Corpus of Anglo Saxon Stone Sculpture. Retrieved 11 October 2025.
- ^ Allen, J. Romilly (1886). “Pre-Norman Crosses at Halton and Heysham in Lancashire”. The Journal of the British Archaeological Association: 330. Retrieved 14 October 2025.
- ^ a b English Heritage. “Sundial, About 4 Metres South East of Church Porch of the Church of St Wilfrid”. National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 11 October 2025.
- ^ a b English Heritage. “High Cross in St Wilfrid’s Churchyard, Halton”. National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 11 October 2025.
- ^ Ditchfield, P. H. (1909). “The Crosses of Lancashire”. In Fishwick, Lieut.-Colonel; Ditchfield, P. H. (eds.). Memorials of Old Lancashire. Vol. II. London: Bemrose. p. 118. Retrieved 14 October 2025.
- ^ Bailey, Richard N. (2010). “Halton (St Wilfrid) 02, Lancashire”. The Corpus of Anglo Saxon Stone Sculpture. Retrieved 11 October 2025.
- ^ Bailey, Richard N. (2010). “Halton (St Wilfrid) 08, Lancashire”. The Corpus of Anglo Saxon Stone Sculpture. Retrieved 11 October 2025.
- ^ a b Bailey, Richard N. (2010). “Halton (St Wilfrid) 09, Lancashire”. The Corpus of Anglo Saxon Stone Sculpture. Retrieved 11 October 2025.
- ^ Bailey, Richard N. (2010). “Halton (St Wilfrid) 10, Lancashire”. The Corpus of Anglo Saxon Stone Sculpture. Retrieved 11 October 2025.
- ^ a b Cite error: The named reference
Crosswas invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ English Heritage (20 January 2025). “What Are Scheduled Monuments?”. The National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 14 October 2025.
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:St_Wilfrid%27s_Church,_Halton-on-Lune
