”’Background”’
”’Background”’
In the 1970s, French police kept prostitutes under increasing pressure. The police reprisals<ref name=”diewelt3″>{{cite news |date=2009-06-07 |title=Internationaler Hurentag – Kirche soll Prostituierte nicht ausgrenzen (International Whores’ Day: The church shouldn’t exclude the prostitutes) |url=https://www.welt.de/politik/article3878794/Kirche-soll-Prostituierte-nicht-ausgrenzen.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161201041847/https://www.welt.de/politik/article3878794/Kirche-soll-Prostituierte-nicht-ausgrenzen.html |archive-date=2016-12-01 |access-date=2011-06-02 |newspaper=Die Welt |publisher=Die Welt – Online |language=de}}</ref> forced prostitutes to work increasingly in secret. As a result, protection of prostitutes decreased and led to more violence against them. In April 1975, the Lyon prostitutes started to organise themselves and their leader, “Ulla” appeared on television to publicise the women’s demands.<ref name=”nswp3″>{{cite web |date=25 February 2015 |title=Occupation of St-Nizier church |url=https://www.nswp.org/timeline/event/occupation-st-nizier-church |access-date=16 February 2019 |website=[[Global Network of Sex Work Projects]] |language=en}}</ref> After three murders and the unwillingness of the government to improve the situation, prostitutes in Lyon took action.{{sfn|Lilian|2001|p=112}}
In the 1970s, French police kept prostitutes under increasing pressure. The police reprisals<ref name=”diewelt3″>{{cite news |date=2009-06-07 |title=Internationaler Hurentag – Kirche soll Prostituierte nicht ausgrenzen (International Whores’ Day: The church shouldn’t exclude the prostitutes) |url=https://www.welt.de/politik/article3878794/Kirche-soll-Prostituierte-nicht-ausgrenzen.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161201041847/https://www.welt.de/politik/article3878794/Kirche-soll-Prostituierte-nicht-ausgrenzen.html |archive-date=2016-12-01 |access-date=2011-06-02 |newspaper=Die Welt |publisher=Die Welt – Online |language=de}}</ref> forced prostitutes to work increasingly in secret. As a result, protection of prostitutes decreased and led to more violence against them. In April 1975, the Lyon prostitutes started to themselves and their leader, “Ulla” appeared on television to the women’s demands.<ref name=”nswp3″>{{cite web |date=25 February 2015 |title=Occupation of St-Nizier church |url=https://www.nswp.org/timeline/event/occupation-st-nizier-church |access-date=16 February 2019 |website=[[Global Network of Sex Work Projects]] |language=en}}</ref> After three murders and the unwillingness of the government to improve the situation, prostitutes in Lyon took action.{{sfn|Lilian|2001|p=112}}
The French prostitutes in the late 20th century generally came from the lower echelons of society. Often uneducated, many of these prostitutes also lacked necessary medical resources and adequate living conditions. It is estimated that only 39% of French prostitutes had health insurance and approximately 50% lived in temporary locations without any fixed address.<ref name=”:03″>{{Cite book |last=Rodríguez García |first=Magaly |title=Selling Sex in the City: A Global History of Prostitution, 1600s-2000s. |date=2017 |publisher=Brill |year=2017 |pages=195 |language=English}}</ref> The sex-workers also protested their lack of access to social services such as welfare or retirement. They highlighted the hypocrisy of the French government, who received tax revenue from sexual services, yet did not allow these same sex-workers to benefit from the system which they contribute to.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Bellami |first=Victoria |date=2019-07-11 |title=The indirect criminalization of sex work in France |url=https://www.crdh.fr/revue/n-17-2019/the-indirect-criminalization-of-sex-work-in-france/ |journal=Droits Fondamentaux |language=fr |issue=17}}</ref>
The French prostitutes in the late 20th century generally came from the lower echelons of society. Often uneducated, many of these prostitutes also lacked necessary medical resources and adequate living conditions. It is estimated that only 39% of French prostitutes had health insurance and approximately 50% lived in temporary locations without any fixed address.<ref name=”:03″>{{Cite book |last=Rodríguez García |first=Magaly |title=Selling Sex in the City: A Global History of Prostitution, 1600s-2000s. |date=2017 |publisher=Brill |year=2017 |pages=195 |language=English}}</ref> The sex-workers also protested their lack of access to social services such as welfare or retirement. They highlighted the hypocrisy of the French government, who received tax revenue from sexual services, yet did not allow these same sex-workers to benefit from the system which they contribute to.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Bellami |first=Victoria |date=2019-07-11 |title=The indirect criminalization of sex work in France |url=https://www.crdh.fr/revue/n-17-2019/the-indirect-criminalization-of-sex-work-in-france/ |journal=Droits Fondamentaux |language=fr |issue=17}}</ref>
The ratification of the UN Convention for the Suppression of the Traffic in Persons and of the Exploitation of the Prostitution of Others in 1960 also marked a period of an anti-prostitution stance in France. This treaty represented a shift in French policy from one of regulation to that of abolitionism.<ref name=”:03″ /> Prostitution was deemed to endanger the prostitute, family, and community. France therefore sought to reduce prostitution and human trafficking,<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Calderaro |first=Charlène |last2=Giametta |first2=Calogero |date=2019-04-02 |title=‘The Problem of Prostitution’: Repressive policies in the name of migration control, public order, and women’s rights in France |url=https://www.antitraffickingreview.org/index.php/atrjournal/article/view/383 |journal=Anti-Trafficking Review |language=en |issue=12 |pages=155–171 |doi=10.14197/atr.2012191210 |issn=2287-0113}}</ref> leading to greater police violence and fines.
The ratification of the UN Convention for the Suppression of the Traffic in Persons and of the Exploitation of the Prostitution of Others in 1960 also marked a period of an anti-prostitution stance in France. This treaty represented a shift in French policy from one of regulation to that of abolitionism.<ref name=”:03″ /> Prostitution was deemed to endanger the prostitute, family, and community. France therefore sought to reduce prostitution and human trafficking,<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Calderaro |first=Charlène |last2=Giametta |first2=Calogero |date=2019-04-02 |title=‘The Problem of Prostitution’: Repressive policies in the name of migration control, public order, and women’s rights in France |url=https://www.antitraffickingreview.org/index.php/atrjournal/article/view/383 |journal=Anti-Trafficking Review |language=en |issue=12 |pages=155–171 |doi=10.14197/atr.2012191210 |issn=2287-0113}}</ref> leading to greater police violence and fines.
In the 1970s, French police placed increasing pressure on prostitutes. The police reprisals forced prostitutes to work increasingly in secret. The growing secrecy with which prostitutes were forced to work led to greater corruption and ultimately unsafe working conditions. Some hotel owners began bribing the police in order to continue using their hotels as brothels. However, as local politicians and police in Lyon were eventually charged with corruption in August 1972 for this scandal, approximately 400 sex workers in Lyon were no longer able to work in hotels, which had previously provided them with safer working conditions. Additionally, protection of prostitutes decreased and led to more violence against them.
In the 1970s, French police placed increasing pressure on prostitutes. The police reprisals forced prostitutes to work increasingly in secret. The growing secrecy with which prostitutes were forced to work led to greater corruption and ultimately unsafe working conditions. Some hotel owners began bribing the police in order to continue using their hotels as brothels. However, as local politicians and police in Lyon were eventually charged with corruption in August 1972 for this scandal, approximately 400 sex workers in Lyon were no longer able to work in hotels, which had previously provided them with safer working conditions. Additionally, protection of prostitutes decreased and led to more violence against them.
By 1975, it was even estimated that one third of sex workers in Paris were victims of physical assault.<ref name=”:0″ /> Therefore, driven by their lack of social services, the buildup of harsh police treatment, and inspired by the 1972 protest, the Lyon prostitutes in April 1975 started to organise themselves. Their leader, “Ulla” appeared on television to publicise the women’s demands. After three murders and the unwillingness of the government to improve the situation, prostitutes in Lyon took action.
By 1975, it was even estimated that one third of sex workers in Paris were victims of physical assault.<ref name=”:0″ /> Therefore, driven by their lack of social services, the buildup of harsh police treatment, and inspired by the 1972 protest, the Lyon prostitutes in April 1975 started to themselves. Their leader, “Ulla” appeared on television to the women’s demands. After three murders and the unwillingness of the government to improve the situation, prostitutes in Lyon took action.
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=== Article body ===
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The occupation of Saint-Nizier Church by Lyon prostitutes refers to the eight-day occupation of Saint-Nizier Church in Lyon by more than a hundred prostitutes on 2 June 1975 to draw attention to their inhumane working conditions.[1][2][3] The occupation lasted eight days until the women were removed by the police on 10 June. Sympathetic occupations of churches by prostitutes followed in Paris, Marseille, Grenoble, Saint-Étienne and Montpellier.[4] These sex-workers gathered and protested for two key goals of attaining greater health benefits as well as an end to the police harassment to which they were subject.[5]
Background
In the 1970s, French police kept prostitutes under increasing pressure. The police reprisals[6] forced prostitutes to work increasingly in secret. As a result, protection of prostitutes decreased and led to more violence against them. In April 1975, the Lyon prostitutes started to organize themselves and their leader, “Ulla” appeared on television to publicize the women’s demands.[7] After three murders and the unwillingness of the government to improve the situation, prostitutes in Lyon took action.
The French prostitutes in the late 20th century generally came from the lower echelons of society. Often uneducated, many of these prostitutes also lacked necessary medical resources and adequate living conditions. It is estimated that only 39% of French prostitutes had health insurance and approximately 50% lived in temporary locations without any fixed address.[9] The sex-workers also protested their lack of access to social services such as welfare or retirement. They highlighted the hypocrisy of the French government, who received tax revenue from sexual services, yet did not allow these same sex-workers to benefit from the system which they contribute to.[10]
The ratification of the UN Convention for the Suppression of the Traffic in Persons and of the Exploitation of the Prostitution of Others in 1960 also marked a period of an anti-prostitution stance in France. This treaty represented a shift in French policy from one of regulation to that of abolitionism.[9] Prostitution was deemed to endanger the prostitute, family, and community. France therefore sought to reduce prostitution and human trafficking,[11] leading to greater police violence and fines.
In the 1970s, French police placed increasing pressure on prostitutes. The police reprisals forced prostitutes to work increasingly in secret. The growing secrecy with which prostitutes were forced to work led to greater corruption and ultimately unsafe working conditions. Some hotel owners began bribing the police in order to continue using their hotels as brothels. However, as local politicians and police in Lyon were eventually charged with corruption in August 1972 for this scandal, approximately 400 sex workers in Lyon were no longer able to work in hotels, which had previously provided them with safer working conditions. Additionally, protection of prostitutes decreased and led to more violence against them.
By 1975, it was even estimated that one third of sex workers in Paris were victims of physical assault.[5] Therefore, driven by their lack of social services, the buildup of harsh police treatment, and inspired by the 1972 protest, the Lyon prostitutes in April 1975 started to organize themselves. Their leader, “Ulla” appeared on television to publicize the women’s demands. After three murders and the unwillingness of the government to improve the situation, prostitutes in Lyon took action.
In the 1970s, French police kept prostitutes under increasing pressure. The police reprisals forced prostitutes to work increasingly in secret. As a result, protection of prostitutes decreased and led to more violence against them. In April 1975, the Lyon prostitutes started to organize themselves and their leader, “Ulla” appeared on television to publicize the women’s demands. After three murders and the unwillingness of the government to improve the situation, prostitutes in Lyon took action.
Relevant Background Ideas:
- Degraded social class. For instance, the book explains that prostitutes tended to come from the lowest classes and had little education, with only 39% having health insurance, 50% living in temporary accommodation (hotel or no fixed address), 37% dependent upon one or several drugs (including alcohol), and 33% victims of physical assault during the five months preceding the study.
- Scandal of August 1972. This event explains why there was a new police force
- ^ “Internationaler Hurentag – Kirche soll Prostituierte nicht ausgrenzen (International Whores’ Day: The church shouldn’t exclude the prostitutes)”. Die Welt (in German). Die Welt – Online. 2009-06-07. Archived from the original on 2016-12-01. Retrieved 2011-06-02.
- ^ “Prostitution: 40 ans après l’occupation de l’église Saint-Nizier, rien n’a changé”. Le Point (in French). 1 June 2015. Retrieved 16 February 2019.
- ^ Zancarini, Michelle (19 June 1995). “Il y a 20 ans, le conflit des prostituées de Saint-Nizier – Ina.fr”. Lumières sur Rhône-Alpes. Archived from the original on 17 February 2019. Retrieved 16 February 2019.
- ^ “Occupation of St-Nizier church”. Global Network of Sex Work Projects. 25 February 2015. Retrieved 16 February 2019.
- ^ a b Rodríguez García, Magaly (2017). Selling Sex in the City: A Global History of Prostitution, 1600s-2000s. Brill. p. 699.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: date and year (link) - ^ “Internationaler Hurentag – Kirche soll Prostituierte nicht ausgrenzen (International Whores’ Day: The church shouldn’t exclude the prostitutes)”. Die Welt (in German). Die Welt – Online. 2009-06-07. Archived from the original on 2016-12-01. Retrieved 2011-06-02.
- ^ “Occupation of St-Nizier church”. Global Network of Sex Work Projects. 25 February 2015. Retrieved 16 February 2019.
- ^ a b Rodríguez García, Magaly (2017). Selling Sex in the City: A Global History of Prostitution, 1600s-2000s. Brill. p. 195.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: date and year (link) - ^ Bellami, Victoria (2019-07-11). “The indirect criminalization of sex work in France”. Droits Fondamentaux (in French) (17).
- ^ Calderaro, Charlène; Giametta, Calogero (2019-04-02). “‘The Problem of Prostitution’: Repressive policies in the name of migration control, public order, and women’s rights in France”. Anti-Trafficking Review (12): 155–171. doi:10.14197/atr.2012191210. ISSN 2287-0113.
