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• Ontario Athletic Commission (established 1920 to oversee boxing/wrestling, expanded to other sports) [5][6][7][8]Defunct in 1947?
• Bruce Kidd’s book, starting page 242 onwards

• The Indelible Mark of Springfield College: Its Role in Developing Recreation Leadership in Canada 1915 to 1935. Manuscript for paper presented at NASSH, 1997 by Susan Markham, revised 2004.
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• presidents of the AAU of C: Judge John Ainsley Jackson (Lethbridge; before 1923)[9][10] W. E. Finlay/W. E. Findlay (Montreal c. 1923) Jack McVicar (J. A. McVicar; Winnipeg, c. 1925), Arthur S. Lamb; circa 1927-28, Thomas Loudon (T. R. Loudon); circa 1928[11], James Morkin (Jim Morkin; 1932 & prior?)[12], J. Howard Crocker (1932–1934), W. A. Fry (1934–1936), Jack Hamilton (1936–1938), Sydney Halter (1938–1946)
• 1930 AAU of C executive photo.^[1]
• Norton H. Crow medal
• Norton H. Crow biographyobituaryobituaryburial at Mount Pleasant Cemetery, Toronto, burial in Plot 8, Grave 8199

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Cianna Lieffers (born August 13, 1994) is a Canadian ice hockey referee.

Early life

• Cianna Lieffers was born on August 13, 1994, in Saskatoon, Saskatchewan.^[1]

• Lieffers grew up playing hockey in her hometown in Cudworth — before officiating minor games as part-time jobs. After being the only girl on her minor hockey teams, Lieffers was comfortable joining her brothers in the officiating ranks.^[3]

• Cianna Lieffers was 12 years old when refereed what she thought was the last time. That first season, she says now, “didn’t go so well”. “I had a few bad experiences with coaches,” she says. “I took a step back; realized this maybe wasn’t what I wanted to do. The next season, my mom convinced me to give it another go, and I’m glad she did. Lieffers, a school teacher in Asquith, Sask.^[4]

• Lieffers started reffing at the age of 12 in her hometown and felt verbally abused by coaches because of her gender. She returned at 14 years of age, thanks to a boost of confidence from her mother. The Cudworth native began working through minor hockey, moved up to Midget AAA, Junior B, other high end provincial leagues. Leiffers who is in her fourth year as a linesman in the SJHL (as of 2015), and first as a referee (as of 2019).^[5]

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2017 to 2019, or undated

• Lieffers in 2017 became only the third woman to attain Hockey Canada’s Level 5 Officials Certification. Holding a place on the Saskatchewan Minor Hockey Association Referee Committee, Lieffers was among a group of officials in February 2019, an all-female officiating crew that worked a Saskatchewan Midget AAA Hockey League game for the first time.^[6]

• She’s worked as a full-time referee in the men’s Saskatchewan Junior Hockey League for the last three years; before that, she spent five years as a linesman in the same circuit. Female officials were a rare sight in the SJHL; she remembers showing up at the players and officials entrance, and being told to go around to the front with the rest of the ticket-buying public. In 2019, she was part of the first all-woman crew to work a Saskatchewan Midget AAA Hockey League game.^[4]

• Moose Jaw Generals versus the Yorkton Maulers on February 3, 2019, it was a night four years in the making for the all-female officiating crew. This was the first time a male Saskatchewan Midget AAA game has ever been officiated entirely by women: Referees Michelle Stapleton, Alex Clarke, Cianna Lieffers and Krista Funke.^[8]

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2020

• 2020-21. Originally named to the group of officials that were scheduled to work the 2021 IIHF Women’s World Championship in Halifax, until the event was postponed until later in 2021. Lieffers, “I was selected to go to France for the 2020 IIHF Women’s World Championship Division I. Unfortunately, this event was cancelled due to Covid.” Selected by the IIHF to be part of the officiating crew for the 2020 World Youth Olympics in Lausanne, Switzerland; the year prior saw Lieffers travel to Dumfries, Scotland, part of the crew officiating Group B play at the 2019 IIHF U18 Women’s World Championship, Division 1 championships. With Calgary allowing Lieffers the opportunity to work her first-ever IIHF World Championships. One of Lieffers’ first international experiences involved the 2018 Four Nations Cup, held in her home province. Lieffers’ first assignment was a historic one as the August 21 match saw Hungary national team make their debut in the top division of the IIHF Women’s Worlds. Losing 3-0 to Germany, Lieffers shared referee duties with Swedish official Maria Furberg. Wrapping up the worlds by working the semi-final between the United States and Finland.^[6]

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2021–22

• Lieffers officiated at the IIHF Women’s World Championship in 2021 and 2022. Lieffers also took part in the NHL Officiating Exposure Combine in 2022, to identify and develop high potential officials.^[7]

2022–23

2023–24

• Lieffers was the second female referee in the Western Hockey League (WHL), her first game on October 24, in Saskatoon, in the 2023–24 WHL season. Lieffers and Clarke this season as the league’s first and only female referees. Clarke and Lieffers are also getting assignments in the American Hockey League. “It’s a pretty big step breaking that barrier to get females in (the WHL) as referees,” said Lieffers. “The next step from there would be to have our two females work together and maybe one day work towards a full female crew.”^[3]

2024–25

• The Professional Women’s Hockey League (PWHL) officiating team for the 2024-25 season will consist of 65 officials, which includes 38 women, 39 referees. Cianna Lieffers, uniform #13.^[9]

• On May 10, 2025, Lieffers became the first female to referee a Centennial cup, Canada’s National Junior A Championship. The 2025 Centennial Cup, held from May 8-18 in Calgary.^[10]

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Development as an official

• She spoke with the CBC Sports about what she’s learned in her officiating career. “You just develop a tough skin [as an official]. Learning how to manage [the abuse from coaches and fans] is a big thing and one of the strides I’ve made,” said Lieffers. “There are so many opportunities for females, nationally and internationally, and you just have to keep working for them.”^[7][11]

• “Because of the College of Kinesiology, I was able to gain information and knowledge and I was able to apply it to training off the ice in order to perform better on the ice, so it definitely helped me. I think referring and teaching kind of go hand-in-hand, with the skills needed for both jobs. I think being a referee has made me a better teacher, and vice versa. And the things that I learn in the classroom and through the College of Education have helped me on the ice.”^[2]

• She learned, early on, the value of a thick skin in the sport.^[4]

• Refereeing at age 12, verbally abusive hockey coach stepped on the ice, Lieffers’ ended her officiating career after one season. Her hometown of Cudworth, Sask. Lieffers took a year off but her mom, urged her to return. Lieffers began officiating midget A boys’ games in high school, and within her first year was working midget triple-A and Junior B contests. This season is her fourth as a linesman in the Saskatchewan Junior Hockey League (began 2015?) and first as a referee (2019). But the Saskatchewan Hockey Association, according to Lieffers, boasts new female officials “with great potential” and began “coaching” its referees and linesman over the past two years to further their development. Lieffers, was registered as a Level 5 female referee in Canada, the highest level of certification a woman official can obtain; It allows them to work major junior (Western Hockey League and Junior A games), senior and U-Sports (university) games, both regular season and playoffs. Lieffers has officiated at four international tournaments, including the Four Nations Cup hosted by Saskatoon two months ago and more recently the IIHF women’s under-18 world championship in Dumfries, Scotland. Lieffers is a high school physical education and history teacher in Saskatoon.^[11]

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• On May 10, 2025, Lieffers was the first female to referee at the Centennial Cup, the 2025 event was hosted in Calgary. Lieffers grew up in Cudworth and currently lives in Saskatoon. Outside the rink, she is a middle school teacher in Asquith. Lieffers, who is 30 years old, is in her 15th year of officiating. “Officiating hockey isn’t just about calling penalties or being a good skater — there are so many off-ice skills to be gained from officiating. It teaches you confidence, leadership, communication and how to handle pressure. These are skills that go way beyond the rink,” said Lieffers. Currently, Lieffers works in the IIHF, PWHL, AHL, WHL, SJHL and U Sports leagues. Her career highlights, along with officiating at the 2025 Centennial Cup, include the 2022 Beijing Winter Olympics and five IIHF Women’s World Championships from 2021 to 2025. Hockey Saskatchewan, Cianna has played a vital role in our Sask First high-performance program, sharing her experience and insight with aspiring female referees and linespersons. She also serves as a clinic instructor, helping to mentor and develop the next generation of officials in the province.^[12]

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• Utica’s Adirondack Bank Centre gold for Canada at the 2024 IIHF World Women’s Championship, referee Cianna Lieffers and linesperson Alex Clarke. The Western Hockey League officials worked a total of 11 games at the event. Clarke made history in September of 2021 when she became the first woman to work lines in a WHL and broke another barrier on October 22, 2023, when she became the first woman to referee a WHL game. Lieffers followed suit just two days later when she donned her stripes and orange referee’s armband for a tilt between the Saskatoon Blades and Moose Jaw Warriors. The officials debuted together at the IIHF World Women’s Championship in 2021 but hadn’t worked a gold-medal game until now. Clarke and Lieffers also hit the ice at the 2022 Beijing Olympic Winter Games, with Clarke on the lines and Lieffers as a referee. In addition to regular season WHL assignments, both officials are currently working in the American Hockey League (AHL) as referees. Prior to Worlds, the duo reunited for the 2024 U SPORTS women’s championship match in Saskatoon and the 2024 Canada/USA Rivalry Series stops in Saskatoon and Regina.^[13]

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• With the 2010s having signified a remarkable generation of female hockey heroes emerging from Saskatchewan, from the likes of Jessica Campbell, Emily Clark and Samantha Shirley, the tremendous impact made has extended beyond the players. Running parallel to this time involved unprecedented growth in the number of women that have donned the official’s sweater, expanding the possibilities of a highly exciting future on the ice. Among Prairie Canada’s most impressive female officials, Cianna Lieffers, raised in Cudworth, Sask., is admired locally as an official and as a person. Having already attained numerous achievements, she brings a joie-de-vivre at the rink, happy to be one of the gals. While the impact of the officials is at times, unintentionally overlooked, their impact is just as pioneering as players, adding another profound human element in the ongoing journey of sporting equality. Named to the crew of officials that worked the 2021 IIHF Women’s World Championships in Calgary, Alta., that marked the second time that Lieffers worked such a prestigious event on home soil. With Saskatchewan serving as host of the 2018 4 Nations Cup, Lieffers was among the officials on hand. That opportunity was made more meaningful by working in her home province. Influenced by two older brothers that officiated, Lieffers first wore the zebra stripes at the tender age of 11. Although her career would take an abrupt sabbatical, stopping after her first season due to the inappropriate behaviour of a verbally abusive hockey coach during a tournament in her hometown, the support and encouragement of her mother, Zoria, served as the catalyst to continue her career. Working in the Prince Albert Minor Hockey Association, an upward progression saw Lieffers capture the province’s Kenneth R. Stiles Memorial Scholarship. Officiating Midget A boys’ games, she would later grace the ice at Midget AAA and Junior B contests, eventually becoming a linesman, and later, a referee, in the Saskatchewan Junior Hockey League. In addition to her hockey experiences, she has also taken on themantle of educator, teaching Grade 6 and 7 students. Before the 2010s would come to a close, Lieffers enjoyed the opportunity to become part of an exclusive sorority. Joined by Michelle Stapleton, Krista Funke, and Alex Clarke, this empowering all-female officiating crew made history in the Saskatchewan Midget AAA Hockey League. With a Feb. 3, 2019 affair between the Moose Jaw Generals and the Yorkton Maulers, a 4-1 win for the Maulers, the game marked the first time that a league game was officiated by all females. A monumental milestone since cherished by Lieffers, like Stapleton, is that she also became a Hockey Canada Level 5 Certified Official. Her reflections include paying homage to an officiating mentor, the late Jason Mercer, it marked an admirable display of gratitude. A former police officer in Moose Jaw and long-time official, Mercer was a proud advocate of providing more opportunities for female officials in the Saskatchewan Hockey Association, “This AAA game held in Moose Jaw, Saskatchewan, was a game I will never forget. Not only did I get the chance to skate with three close friends (Michelle Stapleton, Krista Funke, and Alex Clarke) but I also got to be a part of the first-ever all-female crew to officiate a AAA game,” she said. “In the last five years, Saskatchewan Referee division has had significant growth and development within its female program. This was our chance to showcase how far we have come in the last five years. The fact that we were able to put 4 qualified females on the ice at a AAA level was an amazing accomplishment.” “However, this game had underlying significance for us four on the ice and our officials’ coach. One of our officiating mentors/coaches, who was also the AAA league assignor for officials, had a dream of having an all-female crew work a game in his league,” she explained. “He had passed away before we had the chance to accomplish this goal. Finally making this dream of his come true made this AAA game even more special to us and there is no doubt that he was in the rink that day, proud of what we accomplished.” Also notable during Lieffers’ experiences as an official in her home province, several assignments involved working at the Elgar Petersen Arena, home of the Humboldt Broncos, one of the member teams of the SJHL. Although the club made national news, attributed to an unfortunate tragedy that resulted in many lives lost far too soon, from such devastating loss came an outpouring of support from beyond local parameters, as the hockey community, unified in an insufferable moment that shocked the sporting realm, embodied the essence of teamwork. With survivors rebuilding, families displaying a collective strength and solace which inspired an entire nation, the spirit of resilience made a profound impression on Lieffers. While the opportunity to grace the ice for SJHL play marked an essential component in sharpening her skills and increasing her confidence, the tenacity of the Broncos has provided her with inspiration, bringing a much more profound meaning to future assignments in the league. “I have been working in the SJHL as a linesman for the past five seasons. This was a great opportunity to work faster and more skilled hockey,” she told OFFSIDE: MakingHerStory. “This has allowed me to further develop myself as an official for two reasons; the elevated skill level and the opportunity to work with and learn from other senior officials within the league. I am fortunate to be one of few females working in this league as I truly believe this league has made a crucial impact on my development as an official in both male and female hockey. It truly is amazing how the team has responded and it is inspiring being on the ice working their games. They have full support within the community and it is shown at every single home game.”^[14]

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• A local hockey official has made her mark in Switzerland. Cianna Lieffers of Cudworth officiated the 2020 Youth Olympic Hockey Games in Lausanne, Switzerland from Jan 9 – 22. During the first week, Lieffers called the first-ever three on three hockey tournament in a two referee system. Then in the second week, Lieffers was a head referee in the Six Nations five on five tournament. “It’s was unbelievable to see hockey at that international level where the teams come together and to experience an event like that was an amazing experience,” said Cianna Lieffers. The level five Hockey Canada referee called 3-4 games a day in the three on three tournaments and a total of four in the 6 Nations tournament. This isn’t the first time that the Cudworth Native has crossed overseas to officiate a hockey tournament. Lieffers has travelled to Scotland for the Women’s U18 Championship and Mexico City as an Olympic qualifier. “Also back home I call both female and male triple “A”, Junior B, Junior A, and women’s university hockey. Then I’ll do officials coaching as well,” said Lieffers. It’s a hobby that takes up more time than her full-time job as a grade six and seven teacher in Warman. Even after already accomplishing so much as a hockey referee, Lieffers still has one major goal to check off the list. “It was amazing to call the Youth Olympic Hockey Games, but the end goal is to call an Olympic Gold Medal game.” The next Olympic Winter Games are slated for the February 2022 in Beijing, China. However, Lieffers has her eyes set on the 2026 Olympics. “As they start to identify officials every four years and start to groom them so I think stepping up in 2026 is more ideal, but I’m still trying out for 2022.” You can catch Cianna Lieffers officiating the occasional Humboldt Bronco game at the Elgar Petersen Arena during the SJHL season.^[15]

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• A hockey referee at the Winter Olympics was left covered in blood after being hit in the face by one of the players’ sticks during a clash between the US and Canada. Cianna Lieffers was in charge of the event between the two North American rivals, and had her eyes on the action behind one of the gates. America’s Amanda Kessel’s wavy bat accidentally hit Liffers in the face, which led to a nasty cut between her nose and upper lip. After the accident, the official quickly fell to the floor clutching her face, before play was stopped. Lieffers was then escorted by the Canadian medical team, where he then received treatment for the facial wound. Incredibly, though, the referee returned to the ice a few minutes later, but appeared to signal to photographers not to take pictures of her injury. Lieffers’ comeback came at a pivotal point in the match, as the Canadian went on to mount an impressive comeback from 2-1 down to tie the score at 2-2.^[16]

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• Hockey referee Cianna Lieffers was left with a bloodied face after being hit by a stick during Monday night’s game between the United States and Canada at the Winter Olympics. Team USA forward Amanda Kessel made a sharp turn behind Canada’s net and as she did so, she swung her stick in the air, catching Lieffers in the face. The official was forced to leave the game as a result of the accident but did return later with a bandage to cover up her cut, with commentators suggesting “she’s going to feel that one”.^[17]

• The International Ice Hockey Federation (IIHF) has announced the officiating roster for the 2026 Olympic Winter Games. Ten Hockey Canada officials—five referees and five linespersons—will take part in the tournament in Milan and Cortina d’Ampezzo, Italy. The officials are: Cianna Lieffers (Cudworth, SK/Hockey Saskatchewan). “Officiating at the Olympic Games is the pinnacle of an amateur official’s career,” said Dan Hanoomansingh, officiating manager. “These officials have been working tirelessly towards this goal for the last four years, and it is a credit to their determination and skill that they have made it a reality.” The selected officials participated in a lengthy evaluation process beginning in 2023 as part of the IIHF’s “Road to Milano.” Officials were evaluated in domestic competition, professional hockey and multiple IIHF tournaments prior to their final selection. The officials for the women’s tournament will attend a preparation camp in December in Europe.^[18]

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https://www.hockeycanada.ca/en-ca/news/officiating-program-management-unveiled-2024-25-off

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https://hockeysask.ca/news/listing/saskatchewans-most-deserving-official-awards-from-2024-25-season

https://www.sasktoday.ca/highlights/pa-catholic-division-selected-for-teacher-innovation-fund-grant-8511259

https://chl.ca/whl-raiders/22316-raiders-hosting-second-annual-this-girl-can-night/

https://www.saskatoonsportshalloffame.com/newsletters/SSHofF_Newsletter56a_FebApr22_Correction.pdf