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= Swampscott, Massachusetts =

= Swampscott, Massachusetts =

== History ==

== History ==

The area in and around Swampscott, Massachusetts has been inhabited by indigenous people for 12,000 years.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Native American Tribes in Massachusetts |url=https://historyofmassachusetts.org/native-american-tribes/ |access-date=2023-02-16 |website=History of Massachusetts Blog |language=en–US}}</ref> Prior to European colonization, the town was inhabited by members of the [[Naumkeag people|Naumkeag]], [[Pennacook|Pennacook,]] and [[Pawtucket tribe|Pawtucket]] groups and [[Massachusett|Massachuset]]<nowiki/>t tribe.<ref name=”:0″>{{Cite journal |date=1985 |title=MCH Reconnaissance Town Survey: Swampscott |url=https://www.sec.state.ma.us/mhc/mhcpdf/townreports/essex/swa.pdf |journal=Massachusetts Historical Commisson}}</ref> They spoke an [[Eastern Algonquian languages|Eastern Algonquin languag]]<nowiki/>e, and the Pawtucket migrated seasonally throughout the eastern coasts of [[Massachusetts]] and [[Rhode Island]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Roselieb |first=Abigail |title=Douglas D. Schumann Library & Learning Commons: Native American Heritage Month: Welcome |url=https://library.wit.edu/guides/native-american-heritage/welcome |access-date=2023-02-14 |website=library.wit.edu |language=en}}</ref> It’s estimated that 50-100 indigenous individuals resided in the Swampscott area at the time of European colonization. A series of epidemics following European settlement, including [[smallpox]], killed many of the indigenous people living in the area, and it’s estimated that fewer than 50 individuals remained by the late 17th century.<ref name=”:0″ /> Wood’s ”New England Prospect” lists “Swampscott” as a noted habitation in 1633 before extensive European colonization.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Wood |first=William, active |url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/426796430 |title=Wood’s vocabulary of Massachusett. |date=2009 |publisher=Evolution Publishing |isbn=978-1-889758-97-8 |location=Merchantville, N.J. |oclc=426796430}}</ref> According to an early twentieth century source, the name “Swampscott” is variously said to mean “at the red rock”, “broken waters”, or “pleasant water place”.<ref>Douglas-Lithgow, R. A. (1909). ”Dictionary of American-Indian Place and Proper Names in New England”. Salem, MA: Salem Press. p. 164.</ref>

The area in and around Swampscott, Massachusetts has been inhabited by indigenous people for ,000 years<ref>{{Cite |title= in |url=https://.org// |= |= |=-}}</ref> Prior to European colonization, the town was inhabited by members of the [[Naumkeag people|Naumkeag]], [[Pennacook|Pennacook,]] and [[Pawtucket tribe|Pawtucket]] groups and [[Massachusett|Massachuset]]<nowiki/>t tribe.<ref name=”:0″>{{Cite journal |date=1985 |title=MCH Reconnaissance Town Survey: Swampscott |url=https://www.sec.state.ma.us/mhc/mhcpdf/townreports/essex/swa.pdf |journal=Massachusetts Historical Commisson}}</ref> They spoke an [[Eastern Algonquian languages|Eastern Algonquin languag]]<nowiki/>e, and the Pawtucket migrated seasonally throughout the eastern coasts of [[Massachusetts]] and [[Rhode Island]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Roselieb |first=Abigail |title=Douglas D. Schumann Library & Learning Commons: Native American Heritage Month: Welcome |url=https://library.wit.edu/guides/native-american-heritage/welcome |access-date=2023-02-14 |website=library.wit.edu |language=en}}</ref> It’s estimated that 50-100 indigenous individuals resided in the Swampscott area at the time of European colonization. A series of epidemics following European settlement, including [[smallpox]], killed many of the indigenous people living in the area, and it’s estimated that fewer than 50 individuals remained by the late 17th century.<ref name=”:0″ /> Wood’s ”New England Prospect” lists “Swampscott” as a noted habitation in 1633 before extensive European colonization.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Wood |first=William, active |url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/426796430 |title=Wood’s vocabulary of Massachusett. |date=2009 |publisher=Evolution Publishing |isbn=978-1-889758-97-8 |location=Merchantville, N.J. |oclc=426796430}}</ref> According to an early twentieth century source, the name “Swampscott” is variously said to mean “at the red rock”, “broken waters”, or “pleasant water place”.<ref>Douglas-Lithgow, R. A. (1909). ”Dictionary of American-Indian Place and Proper Names in New England”. Salem, MA: Salem Press. p. 164.</ref>

Indigenous people in the Swampscott area subsisted on seasonally determined activities, including hunting, fishing, collecting wild plants and [[shellfish]], and [[horticulture]]. They hunted [[Deer|dee]]<nowiki/>r, [[Marine mammal|marine mammals]], [[Upland game bird|upland game birds]], and [[Duck|ducks]], and cultivated crops like [[Maize|corn]], [[Bean|beans]], [[pumpkin]], [[Cucurbita|squash]], and [[tobacco]].<ref name=”:0″ />

Indigenous people in the Swampscott area subsisted on seasonally determined activities, including hunting, fishing, collecting wild plants and [[shellfish]], and [[horticulture]]. They hunted [[Deer|dee]]<nowiki/>r, [[Marine mammal|marine mammals]], [[Upland game bird|upland game birds]], and [[Duck|ducks]], and cultivated crops like [[Maize|corn]], [[Bean|beans]], [[pumpkin]], [[Cucurbita|squash]], and [[tobacco]].<ref name=”:0″ />

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The area in and around Swampscott, Massachusetts has been inhabited by indigenous people for thousands of years; radiocarbon dating at archeological sites on the North Shore of Massachusetts places artifacts at around 10,000-11,000 years old, towards the end of the Younger Dryas period^[1]. Prior to European colonization, the town was inhabited by members of the Naumkeag, Pennacook, and Pawtucket groups and Massachusett tribe.^[2] They spoke an Eastern Algonquin language, and the Pawtucket migrated seasonally throughout the eastern coasts of Massachusetts and Rhode Island.^[3] It’s estimated that 50-100 indigenous individuals resided in the Swampscott area at the time of European colonization. A series of epidemics following European settlement, including smallpox, killed many of the indigenous people living in the area, and it’s estimated that fewer than 50 individuals remained by the late 17th century.^[2] Wood’s New England Prospect lists “Swampscott” as a noted habitation in 1633 before extensive European colonization.^[4] According to an early twentieth century source, the name “Swampscott” is variously said to mean “at the red rock”, “broken waters”, or “pleasant water place”.^[5]

Indigenous people in the Swampscott area subsisted on seasonally determined activities, including hunting, fishing, collecting wild plants and shellfish, and horticulture. They hunted deer, marine mammals, upland game birds, and ducks, and cultivated crops like corn, beans, pumpkin, squash, and tobacco.^[2]

Swampscott was first colonized by Europeans in 1629 when Francis Ingalls settled there and built the first Massachusetts Bay Colony tannery. Ingalls observed that the town’s indigenous population lived in wigwams extending from Black Will’s Cliff along the entire north shore.^[2] The town was originally settled as the eastern part (Ward One) of Lynn, and was set off and officially incorporated in 1852.^[6]

As of the census of 2020^[7], there were 15,111 people, with 6,093 households and 2.45 persons per household, residing in the town. The population density was 5,000.3 inhabitants per square mile (12,950.7/km²). The racial makeup of the town was 91.5% White, 1.2% Black or African American, 0.2% American Indian or Alaska Native, 2.6% Asian, 0.0% Pacific Islander, and 3.7% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 5.6% of the population.

There were a total of 6,093 households, out of which 30% had children under the age of 18 living with them. 57% of households were married couples living together, 26.6% were a female householder with no spouse, and 10.3% were a male householder with no spouse. Of all households, 18.2% were made up of individuals, and 10.9% were individuals over the age of 65 living alone.

In town, the population was spread out, with 5.4% under 5 years, 20.5% under 18, 55.5% between the ages of 18 and 64, and 18.6% 65 years and over. The median age of residents was 45 years. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 87.2 males.

The median household income was $114,086, and the median income for a family was $143,320. Married-couple families had a median income of $156,341 and non-family households had a median income of $60,880. The per capita income for the town was $63,585. The town is ranked 54th on the List of Massachusetts locations by per capita income. About 5% of Swampscott residents were below the poverty line, including 4% of those under 18 years, 4.2% of those 18-64, and 9.1% 65 years and older. The homeownership rate was 73.4%, and the median value of owner-occupied housing units was $560,500.