Węgliniec–Czerwona Woda railway: Difference between revisions

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== History ==

The first railway constructed in the area was in [[Węgliniec railway station|Węgliniec]], in 1846. Services ran to [[Wrocław]], and [[Görlitz]]/[[Zgorzelec]].<ref name=”:0″>{{cite book |last=Rettig |first=Wilfried |title=Eisenbahnknoten Görlitz |publisher=Bufe Fachbuch-Verlag |year=1994 |ISBN=3-922138-53-5 |page=52 |language=de}}</ref> However, the village of [[Czerwona Woda, Lower Silesian Voivodeship|Czerwona Woda]] opposed the proposal of a railway line connecting it with [[Węgliniec railway station|Węgliniec]]. It was only after the neighbouring town of [[Pieńsk]] experienced an economic boom due to its opening of [[Pieńsk railway station]] that [[Czerwona Woda, Lower Silesian Voivodeship|Czerwona Woda]] also began to desire a railway connection.

The first proposal to construct a railway line to [[Czerwona Woda, Lower Silesian Voivodeship|Czerwona Woda]] was in 1904, which would have been a [[narrow-gauge railway]] to [[Sulików, Lower Silesian Voivodeship|Sulików]], also via [[Jerzmanki]]. However, this proposal was cancelled. A [[standard-gauge railway]] was preferred, therefore, on 17 May 1913, the ”’Kohlfurt–Rothwasser Light Railway Company”’ was established. Planning had taken place since at least 1911, with a [[standard-gauge railway]] line being built between [[Węgliniec]] and [[Czerwona Woda, Lower Silesian Voivodeship|Czerwona Woda]] under the {{Interlanguage link|Prussian Light Railways Act|lt=|de|Preußisches Kleinbahngesetz}}.<ref name=”:1″ />

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A new smaller station, [[Kolfurt Kleinbahnhof]] {{Literal translation|Węgliniec little station}} was built as the terminus in [[Węgliniec]] to ease rail traffic in the existing [[Węgliniec railway station]]. Despite this, the line still had a connection to the main station.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Węgliniec Dworzec Mały |trans-title=Węgliniec little station |url=https://www.bazakolejowa.pl/index.php?dzial=stacje&id=12599&ed=0&okno=historia |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250926215438/https://www.bazakolejowa.pl/index.php?dzial=stacje&id=12599&ed=0&okno=historia |archive-date=26 September 2025 |access-date=1 February 2026 |website=Ogólnopolska Baza Kolejowa |language=pl}}</ref> The terminus of [[Czerwona Woda railway station|Czerwona Woda]] was designed in a way the line could be easily extended to [[Jerzmanki]] and [[Sulików, Lower Silesian Voivodeship|Sulików]], following the cancelled 1904 proposal. However, due to the outbreak of [[World War I]], the line was never extended.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Linia kolejowa nr 306 Węgliniec – Czerwona Woda (dawna) |trans-title=Railway line Węgliniec – Czerwona Woda (former) |url=https://polska-org.pl/3280146,Linia_kolejowa_nr_306_Wegliniec_Czerwona_Woda_dawna.html |access-date=1 February 2026 |website=polska-org.pl |language=pl}}</ref>

The line officially opened to passengers on 21 October 1913, making it the final extension from [[Węgliniec railway station]].<ref name=”:2″>{{Cite web |title=278a Węgliniec – Czerwona Woda |url=https://www.atlaskolejowy.net/pl/dolnoslaskie/?id=linia&poz=298 |access-date=1 February 2026 |website=Atlas Kolejowy |language=pl}}</ref> Six pairs of trains ran daily in 1914, but this was reduced to just two trains daily by the 1930s. The line however was still heavily used by [[freight trains]], with still several [[Siding (rail)|sidings]] in operation.

After [[World War II]], the area was placed under [[Poland|Polish]] administration as the [[Oder–Neisse line]] became the [[Territorial changes of Poland immediately after World War II|new border between Germany and Poland]]. As a result, the line was taken over by [[Polish State Railways]]. Despite poor conditions, passenger services were resumed, with [[Zgorzelec Nadleśnictwo railway station]] closing for [[freight trains]] only in 1953.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Zgorzelec Nadleśnictwo |url=https://www.atlaskolejowy.net/pl/dolnoslaskie/?id=baza&poz=1185 |access-date=1 February 2026 |website=Atlas Kolejowy |language=pl}}</ref> The rest of the line closed on 27 May 1967.<ref name=”:2″ /> At this point, the line was rarely used by [[freight trains]], until it was finally dismantled on 17 May 1974.<ref name=”:1″ />

In 2018, a [[bicycle path]] was built on part of the path of the former line, made possible by [[EU]] funding.

== Rolling stock (pre World War II) ==

At the start of operations, the rolling stock consisted of two Maffei Bn2t type locomotives, built in 1913. These were sold in 1935 and replaced with two Cn2t type locomotives from the [[Bunzlau Light Railway]]. Unit no. 22 had been built by LHW in 1905, and the other, no. 21, by Orenstein & Koppel in 1913. The latter was transferred to the Oderbruch Railway in 1945, later taken over by the [[Deutsche Reichsbahn]] as locomotive 89 6129, which was finally retired in 1965.

== References ==

Rail line in Lower Silesian Voivodeship, Poland

Węgliniec–Czerwona Woda railway
Share certificate for 1,000 marks of the Kohlfurt-Rothwasser Light Railway Company (1913)
Status	Closed and dismantled
Line number	PKP 278a
Locale	Lower Silesian Voivodeship, Poland
Termini
Opened	22 October 1913 (1913-10-22)
Closed	27 May 1967 (1967-05-27)
Line length	6.42 km (3.99 mi)
Number of tracks	1
Track gauge	1,435 mm (4 ft 8+1⁄2 in) standard gauge
Operating speed	30 km/h (19 mph)

The Węgliniec–Czerwona Woda railway was a single-track unelectrified light railway line connecting Węgliniec Dworzec Mały railway station (with a connection to Węgliniec railway station) in Węgliniec and Czerwona Woda railway station in Czerwona Woda in the Lower Silesian Voivodeship of south-western Poland.

After previous proposals (earliest in 1904), the line opened on 22 October 1913. Passenger services were abolished on 27 May 1967, with freight trains using the line until it was dismantled on 17 May 1974.^[1]

The first railway constructed in the area was in Węgliniec, in 1846. Services ran to Wrocław, and Görlitz/Zgorzelec.^[2] However, the village of Czerwona Woda opposed the proposal of a railway line connecting it with Węgliniec. It was only after the neighbouring town of Pieńsk experienced an economic boom due to its opening of Pieńsk railway station that Czerwona Woda also began to desire a railway connection.^{[citation needed]}

The first proposal to construct a railway line to Czerwona Woda was in 1904, which would have been a narrow-gauge railway to Sulików, also via Jerzmanki. However, this proposal was cancelled. A standard-gauge railway was preferred, therefore, on 17 May 1913, the Kohlfurt–Rothwasser Light Railway Company was established. Planning had taken place since at least 1911, with a standard-gauge railway line being built between Węgliniec and Czerwona Woda under the Prussian Light Railways Act [de].^[1]

A new smaller station, Kolfurt Kleinbahnhof lit. ‘Węgliniec little station‘ was built as the terminus in Węgliniec to ease rail traffic in the existing Węgliniec railway station. Despite this, the line still had a connection to the main station.^[3] The terminus of Czerwona Woda was designed in a way the line could be easily extended to Jerzmanki and Sulików, following the cancelled 1904 proposal. However, due to the outbreak of World War I, the line was never extended.^[4]

The line officially opened to passengers on 21 October 1913, making it the final extension from Węgliniec railway station.^[5] Six pairs of trains ran daily in 1914, but this was reduced to just two trains daily by the 1930s. The line however was still heavily used by freight trains, with still several sidings in operation.^{[citation needed]}

After World War II, the area was placed under Polish administration as the Oder–Neisse line became the new border between Germany and Poland. As a result, the line was taken over by Polish State Railways. Despite poor conditions, passenger services were resumed, with Zgorzelec Nadleśnictwo railway station closing for freight trains only in 1953.^[6] The rest of the line closed on 27 May 1967.^[5] At this point, the line was rarely used by freight trains, until it was finally dismantled on 17 May 1974.^[1]

In 2018, a bicycle path was built on part of the path of the former line, made possible by EU funding.^{[citation needed]}

Rolling stock (pre World War II)

[edit]

At the start of operations, the rolling stock consisted of two Maffei Bn2t type locomotives, built in 1913. These were sold in 1935 and replaced with two Cn2t type locomotives from the Bunzlau Light Railway. Unit no. 22 had been built by LHW in 1905, and the other, no. 21, by Orenstein & Koppel in 1913. The latter was transferred to the Oderbruch Railway in 1945, later taken over by the Deutsche Reichsbahn as locomotive 89 6129, which was finally retired in 1965.^{[citation needed]}

Rettig, Wilfried (2011). Eisenbahnen im Dreiländereck Ostsachsen (D)/Niederschlesien (PL)/Nordböhmen (CZ) – Teil 2: Neben-, Klein- und Schmalspurbahnen, Bahnbetriebs- und Ausbesserungswerke, Bahnpost [Railways in the border region of East Saxony (Germany)/Lower Silesia (Poland)/North Bohemia (Czech Republic) – Part 2: Branch lines, narrow-gauge and small-gauge railways, railway depots and repair works, railway post office] (in German). EK-Verlag. ISBN 978-3-88255-733-6.
Bufe, Siegfried (1989). Eisenbahnen in Schlesien [Railways in Silesia] (in German) (4th ed.). Bufe-Fachbuch. ISBN 3-922138-37-3.

Rolling stock (pre World War II)

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