==Administrative division==
==Administrative division==
The cities of [[Yunokommunarovsk]] and Uglegorsk, 8 urban-type settlements, 8 villages, and 11 settlements are subordinated to the district. For more information, see [[Yenakiyevo City Council]].
The city of [[Uglegorsk (Donetsk Oblast)|Uglegorsk]] was also subordinated until December 11, 2014.
* [[Yunokommunarovsk]] ([[Yunokommunarovsk|Yunkom]]),
* [[Yunokommunarovsk]] ([[Yunokommunarovsk|Yunkom]]),
* Uglegorsk,
* Uglegorsk,
City in Donetsk Oblast of Ukraine
City in Donetsk Oblast, Ukraine
Yenakiieve (Ukrainian: Єнакієве, pronounced [jeˈnɑkijewe] ⓘ; Russian: Енакиево, romanized: Yenakiyevo) is a city and the nominal administrative center of Yenakiieve urban hromada in the Horlivka Raion, Donetsk Oblast of Ukraine. The city stands on the Krynka River about 60 kilometres (37 mi) from the oblast’s administrative center, Donetsk. Its population is approximately 76,673 (2022 estimate).[1]
Yenakiieve is an important regional centre of coal mining, metallurgy, chemical production and manufacturing. The city’s outdated industry has caused accidents like that of a gas explosion which occurred in June 2008 at one of Yenakiieve’s coal mines. Yenakiieve was founded in 1898 when numerous workers’ settlements around the Peter’s Iron and Steel Works were united into a single settlement named after Fyodor Yenakiyev. Its first coal mines dated from 1883. The settlement was incorporated as a city in 1925. By 1958, the city and factories had expanded significantly and overtook the outlying villages of Simyukuo, Yevrah, and Tsiminyenny, all of which were resettled in their entirety when local livestock could not survive the expanding steel mills’ runoff and pollution. One of the oldest metallurgical factories of Ukraine — the Yenakiieve Iron and Steel Works operates in Yenakiieve.
The city is known as the birthplace of the former President of Ukraine, Viktor Yanukovych (in office 2010–2014) and his son, who was the People’s Deputy of Ukraine from 2006 to 2014.
History
Permanent settlements on the territory of present-day Yenakiieve were founded in 1783. In 1858, the Sofiyevsky coal mine opened there. At the same time the Petrovsky cast-iron plant was built, today known as the Yenakiieve Iron and Steel Works. In 1895, engineers F. Yenakiev and B. Yalovetsky and several Belgian businessmen founded a Russian-Belgian metallurgic company which by 1897 constructed the new Petrovsky cast-iron plant around Fyodorovka. Coal mines were opened around the plant. Settlements were formed near them and in 1898 they were united into one called Enakievsky after the founder of the Russian-Belgian metallurgic society. The writer A. I. Kuprin, who worked at the plant in 1896, described workers’ lives in the story “Molokh”. Before World War I several plants were built in Yenakiieve: coke chemical, brick, beer brewing and butter making. The Petrovsky plant became one of the largest metallurgic plants (3rd place) in southern Russia. In 1913 it produced 349,200 tons of cast-iron and 316,400 tons of steel. As a result of ruin after World War I and the Civil War of 1919–1921, Petrovsky plant was the only one producing steel. By 1925 the population in Yenakiieve was 34,000, and it was referred to as a town.
In 1928, the town was renamed into Rykovo, after Soviet party- and statesman Alexei Rykov. After Rykov was arrested in 1937 the town was renamed Ordzhonikidze after another Soviet leader, Sergo Ordzhonikidze. The name Yenakiieve was returned to the town in 1943. By 1939 the population of the town was 88,200.
During World War II Yenakiieve was under siege from Italian army auxiliary units that were seconded to the German Army. They were followed by German units. The city was attacked from 31 October 1941 and not freed until 3 September 1943. Street fighting was fierce between the end of November and beginning of December 1941. “Recruitment” of civilians as Ostarbeiter began in December 1941. In 1950, about twelve Italian POWs (prisoners of war) were put on trial, over atrocities in Yenakiieve including the destruction of a hospital. Apparently no convictions were registered, and by 1954 all Italian POWs were returned to Italy.
In the 1950s, several plants were put into operation: of ferro-concrete items, of construction material, of house building and automobile-repair. On 16 September 1979, on the territory near Yenakiieve in the mine «Yuny Communar» there was one of the Nuclear Explosions for the National Economy—an object «Klivazh». In 2002 the mine was closed as non-perspective and environmentalists worried about the danger of filling the mine with water. It might cause radioactive pollution of the underground water, so pumps continue to pump water out of the abandoned mine.
During the war in Donbas the city was captured by pro-Russian separatists[2] when on 13 April 2014 pro-Russian activists captured its town hall and declared that the city was part of the separatist Donetsk People’s Republic.[3]
On 7 August 2014, separatists shot down a Ukrainian MiG-29 in the sky over Yenakiieve, presumably from the Buk complex provided by the Russian side; the pilot tried to divert the plane away from residential areas.[4][5] On 13 August, the metallurgical plant was stopped, according to a statement from the management, “in order to prevent a man-made disaster and save the lives of the townspeople.” The work of the treasury and banking system was completely stopped in the city, and the activities of a number of enterprises were suspended. There is a shortage of products.[6] On 18 November, the first hunger strike took place in the city.[7] On 14 November, Yenakiieve was included in the list of settlements in the East of Ukraine, where the Ukrainian authorities are temporarily not operating.[8]
Administrative division
City districts and parts
- Yunokommunarovsk (Yunkom),
- Uglegorsk,
- Blochok (Burmistrov Square, formerly “Friendship Square”)
- Pervomayka,
- Razdolovka,
- Krasny Gorodok,
- Zarudnya,
- DSK settlement
- 1905 settlement,
- 40th Anniversary of the Komsomol settlement,
- Yenakievsky settlement,
- Vatutinsky settlement,
- Krinichka,
- Gapurovka,
- Krasny Oktyabr mine settlement,
- Krasny Profintern mine settlement,
- Severny settlement,
- Standartny settlement,
- Nekhoteyevka settlement,
- Lesnoy
- Postysheva settlement
- Karlo-Marksovo settlement
- Kazachiy settlement
- Filtrovalnaya settlement
Microdistricts:
- Parkovy
- Vatutin
- Gorizont
- No. 15, Gornyak
- No. 16, Brailyan
- Gorodskoy
Demographics
At the time of the 2001 Ukrainian Census, the population of Yenakiieve was 104,266. Its composition was as follows:[9]
- Ethnicity
- Language
Economy
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Coal mining
- Ordzhonikidzeugol State Enterprise
- Krasny Oktyabr Mine — no longer operates
- Krasny Profintern Mine — no longer operates
- Yuny Kommunar Mine — no longer operates
- Olkhovatskaya Mine — currently not operates
- Bulavinskaya Mine — currently not operates
- Yenakiyevskaya Mine — currently not operates
- Poltavskaya Mine — currently not operates
- Uglegorskaya Mine — currently not operates
- Mine im. Karl Marx” – currently operating
- enrichment plant
Metallurgical industry
Mechanical engineering and metalworking
- Yenakiyevo Boiler and Mechanical Plant
- Donbassstalkonstruktsiya
- Repair and mechanical plant
- Yenakiyevo Auto Repair Plant
- Remenergomontazh
- Selkhoztekhnika
Construction materials production
- LLC “Cement Donbassa” (cement plant)
- Yenakiyevo Reinforced Concrete Plant Pressure pipes)
Food Industry
- Yenakiyevo Meat Processing Plant
- Ice-Market Food Processing Plant (refrigeration plant)
- Yenakiyevo City Dairy Plant
- Yenakiyevo Karavai
Light Industry
- Garment Factory
- Garment and Haberdashery Factory and others.
About 65% of those employed in the national economy work in industry. Currently, many enterprises are not operating at full capacity. The Krasny Oktyabr, Krasny Profintern, and Yuny Kommunar mines have been closed.
Transport
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This section needs to be updated. (2023-11-05) |
Tram
- Yenakievo tram (since 1932) – 3 routes:
- 1 Red Town – Vatutina village (101st block, “Cheryomushki”)
- 3 Vatutina village – Red October Mine
- 4 Center (Kalinina St.) – m-district “16” (Braylyana St., “Filtering”)
Rail Transport
The following railway stations and stopping points are located in Yenakiyevo:
- Yenakiyevo station (Yenakiyevo city),
- Volyntsevo station (Yenakiyevo city),
- Uglegorsk station (Uglegorsk),
- Bulavin station (Bulavino settlement),
- Shchebenka station (Shchebenka settlement),
- stop at 1073 km (Kayutino settlement),
- stop at 1067 km (Groznoye settlement),
- stop Point 1089 km (Vinogradniki holiday village).
Main Highways
- Lenin Avenue (the main street),
- Metallurgov Avenue,
- 50th Anniversary of October Avenue,
- Beregovoy Avenue,
- Gornyakov Avenue,
- Zaboyshchikov Avenue,
- Tiunova Street,
- Sverdlova Street,
- Partizanskaya Street,
- Komsomolskaya Street,
- Gagarina Street,
- Tolstoy Street,
- Postysheva Street,
- 60th Anniversary of the USSR Street,
- Krasnykh Zor Street,
- Volzhskaya Street,
- Revkomovskaya Street,
- Luganskoye Highway.
Bus transport
- b/n AS Yenakiyevo — Donetsk (AB “Yuzhny”), (via Zhdanovka, Khartsyzk, Makeyevka)
- 1, 1A EMZ — Vatutina settlement (via Yenakievsky settlement, ring road)
- 2 EMZ — Vatutina settlement (along Metallurgov Avenue, Beregovoy Avenue)
- 3 EMZ — 40th Anniversary of the Komsomol settlement (via Razdolovka settlement)
- 4 Razdolovka settlement (from Vodokanal) — Volyntsevo (via GB No. 1)
- 5 EDZ – village. 1905
- 6 AS Enakievo – AS Zhdanovka (route closed)
- 8 EDZ – village. DSK
- 9 AS Enakievo – village. Standard
- 10 AS Enakievo – microdistrict “Gornyak”
- 10A AS Enakievo – microdistrict “Gornyak” (via GB No. 1)
- 11 village. them. Vatutina — Gornyak microdistrict (via Yenakievsky settlement, Krasny Profintern settlement)
- 12 Vatutina settlement — Yunokommunarovsk (via Yenakievsky settlement, Tsemzavoda settlement) (‘route closed)
- 15 EMZ — Krasny Gorodok settlement
- 16 AS Yenakievo — Vatutina settlement (along Metallurgov Avenue, Beregovoy Avenue, the ring road through the Parkovy and Gorizont microdistricts) (‘route closed)
- 20 Vatutina settlement — Krasny Gorodok (via GB No. 1)
- 21 AS Yenakiyevo – Uglegorsk
- 22 AS Yenakiyevo – AS Debaltsevo
- 23 AS Yenakiyevo – Bulavinka settlement
- 24 AS Yenakiyevo – Olkhovatka
- 25 AS Enakievo – Yunokomunarovsk
- 26 AS Enakievo – AS Kirovskoe (via Burmistrov Square, Yunokommunarovsk)
- 27 AS Enakievo – AS Makeevka (via Zhdanovka, Khartsyzsk)
- 28 AS Enakievo – village. Korsun
- 29 Enakievo (from EDZ) – Yunokommunarovsk
- 30 AS Enakievo – village. Karl Marx
- 34 AS Enakievo – village. Karl Marx (via Vatutin settlement, Sofye-Kondratyevka settlement)
- 36 Yunokommunarovsk – Druzhny settlement (follows route 29, calling at Druzhny settlement)
Social sphere
29 kindergartens (3,100 children), 3 community centers,
9 clubs,
17 libraries.
Medical institutions under city jurisdiction: City Hospitals No. 1, 2, 5, and 7, Olkhovatskaya Outpatient Clinic, City Children’s Hospital, City Dental Clinic, Clinics No. 3, 4, and 6, and an ambulance station; medical institutions under regional jurisdiction: 3 dispensaries—oncology, dermatovenereology, tuberculosis, a psychiatric hospital, and a blood transfusion station.
Children’s health centers named after V. Dubinin and Gagarin (on the Volyntsevskoye Reservoir), the Lastochka pioneer camp, a swimming pool, and the Olimp fitness center.
- Hotels “Mir,” “Salut,” and “Crystal.”
Educational Institutions
Higher Education Institutions:
- Technical School of Economics and Management of Donetsk National University (Partizanskaya St., 125),
- Metallurgical Technical School (50-letiya Oktyabrya Ave., 40),
- Polytechnic Technical School (XX Partsyezda St., 18),
- Yenakiyeve Professional Lyceum (Berehobogo Ave., 2)
- Vocational School No. 44 (Luganske Shosse, 12)
- Vocational School No. 50 (50 Orekhovaya St.)
- Vocational School No. 96 (76A Luganskoye Shosse)
- Vocational School No. 112 (2 Profsoyuznaya St.)
Parks and squares
- Voznesensky Park,
- G. T. Beregovoy Park,
- G. T. Beregovoy Square,
- Partisan Square,
- Memorial Glory Square (with mass graves),
- 40th Anniversary of the Komsomol Square.
- Rossokhovatoye Tract
- Ploskoye Tract[11]
Attractions
- Local History Museum (City History Museum 12),
- Museum of the cosmonaut Georgy Beregovoy
- Yenakiyeve Metallurgical Plant History Museum,
- Metallurg, Shakhtar Stadium, Yunost Sports Complex (9 in total),
- Holy Protection Church,
- Mass grave of Soviet soldiers.
Notable people
References
External links
